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Is in-work poverty a low-wage or an unemployment problem, and is it the same problem all across Europe? Because of the definitional ambiguity, we really do not know. In this article, we use longitudinal European Union-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data from 22 countries and derive a set of distinct clusters of labour market trajectories (LMTs) from information about monthly labour market position from a 36-month observation window and estimate in-work poverty risk for each LMT. The results show that in-work poverty is a problem that affects the self-employed and people in a marginal labour market position, that is, those who for different reasons move in and out of employment. Hence, in-work poverty is mainly an unemployment problem, not a low-wage problem. Besides the fact that the size of LMTs varies between countries, we also expected to find systematic country differences in the effect of LMTs. The analysis did not support that assumption.

compte-rendu par Ch. Vergé [u.a.] ; Volltext // 2011 digitalisiert von: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München. Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Acad. 98 i-23

"Date of Issue: September 15, 1971." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Operated for the Atomic Energy Commission under U.S. Government Contract ; Mode of access: Internet.

AbstractFor most of the period since China started to reform and open its economy, falling goods prices in developed economies have been offset by rising service prices, but as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic these relative price trends have been temporarily reversed. Separately from these relative price changes, the 2021–22 episode of inflation reflects broad money growth rates in many economies around the world since the start of the pandemic. The economies that are predicted to experience the greatest increase in inflation are those where monetary growth has increased most relative to the requirements to finance normal economic growth and the normal increase in demand for money balances (the inverse of income velocity).

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Law No. 22 of 2001 on the practice of retail gasoline selling by the people of Kota Timur Gorontalo, and uses a type of field research that focuses on the results of data collection from predetermined informants. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, namely research that is intended to gather information from people and observed behavior. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources, then the data that has been collected will be analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. The results showed that the implementation of Law No. 22 of 2001 in the practice of selling retail gasoline by the community in Kota Timur Gorontalo has not been effective. It is proven that during 2020, the number of petrol depots in the area has increased to 98 petrol depots which also have not obtained a commercial business license. The factors that cause the ineffectiveness of the application of the law are the legal instruments, law enforcement officers, the factors of the community members who are affected by the scope of legal regulations and cultural factors. Therefore, the government's socialization efforts are needed in the form of counseling about the consequences, sanctions of criminal acts and providing information to administer the licensing of retail gasoline sales