Suchergebnisse

This study was carried out to determine variables affecting pig production in Cross River State. A stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from three hundred (300) respondents in the study area. Data collected was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study indicates that majority of pig farmers in the study area were men. Analysis of result also revealed that most pig farmers in the study area own farm sizes less than one hectare and 57.33% of the respondents earned less than N15, 000.00 as monthly income while 3.33% earned more than N21,000.00. Analysis of results revealed that sickness and pains (80%), lack of supplementary feeds (90%), lack of vaccines/ vaccination (91%), lack of good farm management practices (86.69%), lack of extension visitation /contact (86.67%), lack of trained veterinary doctors (100%) in rural areas where pigs farms are located /established are among some of the variables that very serious affected pig production in Cross River State. Extension agents should visit farmers and advice them to form cooperative groups to enable them obtain loans from banks to increase their capital base for higher output. . The result suggests that most people practicing pig farming can increase their capital base by forming cooperative groups to enable them obtain loans from banks for expansion of their farms. Government should train more veterinary doctors and post them to rural areas where pig farms were establishedand government should also provide mobile veterinary services in the study area.

During the 2016 election to the Student Parliament of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), an experiment on 'The Third Vote' was conducted. The goal was to test an alternative election method based on the idea of internet voting advice applications (VAAs). Under the election method tested, the voters cast no direct votes for candidate parties; rather, they are asked about their preferences on the policy issues as declared in the party manifestos. These embedded referenda measure the degree to which the parties' positions match the policy preferences of the electorate. The parliament seats are then distributed among the parties in proportion to their indices of representativeness: popularity (the average percentage of the population represented on all the issues) and universality (frequency in representing a majority). The Third Vote Experiment reveals that the critical point is the selection of questions: unless they draw sufficient distinctions between the parties, it can cause a malfunction of both the VAA and the VAA-based election method. To solve this problem, this paper develops a model for contrasting as much as possible between the parties by maximizing the total distance between the party policy profiles while simultaneously reducing the number of questions. The guaranteed best solution is obtained by means of an exhaustive search on all the possible combinations of m out of n initial questions. However, since this search is cumbersome, a stepwise removal of questions is proposed. This alternative is shown to offer a good compromise between formal rigor and computational efficiency.

Bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB) is the most economically important animal health policy issue in Britain. The problem of what to do about badgers has plagued successive governments since a dead badger was discovered with bovine TB in 1971. Successive Labour governments (1997–2010) oversaw the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT) from 1998 to 2006. Despite the RBCT recommendation against culling, the 2010–2015 Coalition government implemented pilot badger culls. This paper provides an account of the evolution of bovine TB and badger control policy, focusing on the 1997–2010 Labour, the 2010–2015 Coalition and the 2015-present Conservative governments. Interviews with bovine TB policy stakeholders supplement discussion of the development of bovine TB policy. The paper discusses the science and politics of bovine TB policy, in which there are different badger control policies in Westminster, Welsh and Scottish governments. Badger control is a highly polarised issue, and the Coalition and Conservative governments have been heavily criticised for a culling policy opposed by the independent scientific community. Recent governments have defended badger culling on the basis of veterinary advice and experience in countries such as New Zealand. The paper concludes with two key recommendations to inform controversial animal health and welfare policy issues such as bovine TB. First, mandatory Animal Welfare Impact Assessment provides objective data on the impacts of policy options on cows and badgers. Second, robust ethical analysis, conducted by independent experts using established moral frameworks, should be applied to animal health and welfare issues for the benefit of decision makers.

In recent years, public agencies have frequently deployed behavioural insights to generate benefits for society, through encouraging citizens to comply with official requests, and more generally encouraging them to cooperate with public agencies to help deliver outcomes of collective benefit. In parallel, there has been a large increase in the amount and quality of the research evidence available on behavioural public policy. This review takes two contrasting areas where behavioural insights have been used: tax collection where government policy is compulsory (i.e. requiring compliance), and energy use where social objectives are non-compulsory, and achieved more by persuasion and encouragement. Processes of modifying and changing behaviour require different approaches whether the change is deemed necessary by the state or not. In taxes, the sole use of enforcement is rarely efficacious, whereas increasing the uncertainty of follow-up and audit increases compliance. Offering discounts for energy bills appears to be an effective method for achieving cooperation. However, the use of social norms and increased information and professional advice is effective for both compulsory and non-compulsory areas of compliance and cooperation. This has important implications for policymakers, who may be seeking effective methods of encouraging behaviour change. While there are differences in approaches for compulsory and non-compulsory areas of policy, there may be areas that move from non-statutory to statutory in the future. In this case, the development of desired social norms appears to be the most effective method of ensuring overall compliance.

Risk analysis and risk management are reliant in order to be effective on their ability to engage with and communicate to non-specialist audiences, whether these be policy-makers asked to turn the advice that they agree with into practice, those implementing decisions, or the public, who are often on the receiving end of these. Accordingly, there needs to be clarity of purpose regarding – and reflected through – the language used, the partners engaged, and the proposed ends of any measures to be implemented. These elements sit within specific cultural contexts – both geographical and historical – and it is essential to account for these in translating theory into practice. This article surveys the discourse used across various examples, including a detailed case study. The most significant conclusion is that while data and evidence certainly matter for validation – understanding culture remains key to effective risk analysis and trustworthy risk management because, on the whole, people look for meaning beyond the mere 'facts'. This applies to risks assumed to be narrowly technical as much as those with a strong social, cultural and political dimension. Few risk analysts and safety experts consider or account for the broader, contextual and cultural factors that impact their choices, analyses and modes of dissemination. This creates a divide between those commissioning and conducting the research and those to whom it is held to apply and needs to be implemented by, which undermines democratic accountability, as well as the possible benefits of, and trust in, their enterprise.

In the social sciences the term "model" suggests that specific effects of a social structure can be reproduced once its working elements are analyzed. But there are social institutions which can hardly be analyzed in this way. In India I visited a Hindu monk (sannyasin) who combines traditional monk life with surprisingly efficient development work among the local population. Peoples' questions are never answered by him. He trains the people to find useful answers themselves and become independent of outside help. His major "tool" is a meditation which he teaches. According to him meditation increases harmony among people, and harmony tends to create structures in which people can find useful answers to their problems themselves. This institution cannot be analyzed as a model. Here lives a man who does not act in the western sense, nor does he formulate aims and plans nor does he give concrete advice to the people. Compared with development project issues, "religious" actions are irrelevant. Nonetheless, here is a person who moves a lot, without any outside help. The monk said that "development" in fact means development of man as a whole, and not only of fractions of his life (like economy, skills, etc.). So he concentrates on man instead of fractions of man. In his work he also acts as a whole human being, e.g. not in fractions, not in a job attitude. According to him, the limited view of man and his world, and job attitudes are the main factors preventing many development experts from being successful in their work.

This article revisits the history of the 1974–75 mutiny in the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA). The mutiny was primarily led by field commanders Thomas Nhari, Dakarai Badza and Caesar Molife. Dominant accounts on the mutiny maintain that the colonial Rhodesian Security Forces (RSF) influenced Nhari and Badza to stage the revolt. The article traces part of the life history of Rex Nhongo/Solomon Mujuru (a ZANLA commander who interacted with the mutineers) in order to challenge these long-standing accounts of the mutiny. The article highlights the import of conflicting understandings of loyalty in the mutiny, arguing that the revolt was not an RSF scheme. Instead, the mutineers took advantage of the absence of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and ZANLA leaderships, which were abroad on various transnational diplomatic engagements in countries sympathetic to Zimbabwe's liberation struggle, to stage a revolt. The mutiny could have been avoided had the ZANLA commander, Josiah Tongogara, heeded Nhongo's advice that ZANU's transnational appointments be postponed in order first to address growing dissent among guerrillas at the war front. The article underlines that the revolt's primary grievances did not originate from ZANLA camps but in the war zone. Focusing on the war front provides an important corrective to the exile literature's emphasis on the space of the camp, which mistakenly gives a lower profile to the influence of war-zone dynamics in upheavals experienced by liberation movements. It is potentially more insightful to consider meticulously the ways in which war-front dynamics interact with camp politics.

The smart cities vision is inexorably turning into a reality. Among the different approaches used to realize more intelligent and sustainable environments, a common denominator is the role that information and communication technologies will play. Moreover, if there is one of these technologies that emerges among the rest, it is the Internet-of-Things (IoT). The ability to ubiquitously embed sensing and actuating capabilities that this paradigm enables is at the forefront of the technologies driving the urban environments transformation. However, there are very little practical experiences of the IoT infrastructure deployment at a large scale. This paper presents practical solutions to the main challenges faced during the deployment and management of a city-scale IoT infrastructure, which encompasses thousands of sensors and other information sources. The experience we have gained during the deployment and operation of the IoT-based smart city infrastructure carried out at Santander (Spain) has led to a number of practical lessons that are summarized in this paper. Moreover, the challenges and problems examples, excerpted from our own real-life experience, are described as motivators for the adopted solutions. ; This work was supported in part by the research project SmartSantander through the 7th Framework Programme of the European Commission under Grant FP7-ICT-2009-5 and in part by the Spanish Government by means of the project ADVICE "Dynamic provisioning of connectivity in high density 5G wireless scenarios" under Grant TEC2015-71329-C2-1-R.

Internet of Things (IoT) concept has attracted a lot of attention in recent years and it is foreseen as one of the technologies that will leverage the Future Internet. It is seen as a major enabler of novel applications and services that will foster efficiency and will ease every day´s life. However, current IoT solutions are mainly focusing on the development of centralized solutions that do not promote the democratization of the IoT but rather concentrate the IoT around a set of cloud-based platforms which pretend to be open but limit the capacity of the people to tailor their Personal and Communal IoT. This paper describes a software platform based on available generic enablers as defined by the FIWARE initiative. It extends the existing architecture models to accommodate the requirements stemming from the vision of people-sourced IoT devices which are shared to create applications and services in smart communities where the owners of the shared devices are always empowered to control who, and in which circumstances, has access to the shared information. ; This work has been partially funded by the research project SOCIOTAL, under FP7-ICT-2013.1.4 (ref. 609112) of the 7th Framework Programme of the European Community. This work has been also supported by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER) by means of the project ADVICE "Dynamic Provisioning of Connectivity in High Density 5G Wireless Scenarios" (TEC2015-71329-C2-1-R).

During the 2016 election to the Student Parliament of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), an experiment on 'The Third Vote' was conducted. The goal was to test an alternative election method based on the idea of internet voting advice applications (VAAs). Under the election method tested, the voters cast no direct votes for candidate parties; rather, they are asked about their preferences on the policy issues as declared in the party manifestos. These embedded referenda measure the degree to which the parties' positions match the policy preferences of the electorate. The parliament seats are then distributed among the parties in proportion to their indices of representativeness: popularity (the average percentage of the population represented on all the issues) and universality (frequency in representing a majority). The Third Vote Experiment reveals that the critical point is the selection of questions: unless they draw sufficient distinctions between the parties, it can cause a malfunction of both the VAA and the VAA-based election method. To solve this problem, this paper develops a model for contrasting as much as possible between the parties by maximizing the total distance between the party policy profiles while simultaneously reducing the number of questions. The guaranteed best solution is obtained by means of an exhaustive search on all the possible combinations of m out of n initial questions. However, since this search is cumbersome, a stepwise removal of questions is proposed. This alternative is shown to offer a good compromise between formal rigor and computational ...

On 26 September 1996, the Commission is a permanent member and the only representative from UkraineThe international organization of securities commissions (International Organization of Securities Commissions-IOSCO).IOSCO has brought together more than 180 regulatory authorities of the countries of the world with the purpose of cooperation, exchange of information, joint development of the best standards of securities regulation, with the subsequent introduction of the national markets of the Member States.The main work of the organization is in the development of international standards and recommendations concerning the regulation of securities. Documents developed by IOSCO, ignored many other international organizations, including the World Bank Group, OECD, regional development banks (EBRD), the International Committee on accounting standards, the Basel Committee on banking supervision, etc.The Commission last years successfully works on the harmonization of national legislation in accordance with international standards IOSCO Principles and, in particular, with the aim of joining the Multilateral memorandum of understanding on advice and cooperation and information exchange of the international organization of securities markets regulators paper (IOSCO MMoU).Accession to the above-mentioned Multilateral memorandum provided by the Coalition Agreement and the Complex program of development of the financial sector to 2020 year. ; Статья посвящена анализу и исследованию проблем государственного регулирования на рынке ценных бумаг и адаптации украинского законодательства по фондовому рынку принципам Международной организации комиссий по ценным бумагам. ; Досліджено проблеми державного регулювання на ринку цінних паперів та адаптації українського законодавства щодо фондового ринку до принципів Міжнародної організації комісій з цінних паперів.

This study aimed to analyze the communication techniques applied Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) in the development of cadres in North Sumatra. The approach used in this research is qualitative approach, with reason to understand the problem in its natural setting, and interpret this phenomenon based on the meaning given by the informant, also because this research is multidimensional which is the result of various situation complexity, so it needs to be analyzed the context around it . The informant of this research is determined by purposive technique that is explored based on the purpose of this research, with informant plan amounted to 6 (six) people that is 1 (one) management and 5 (five) person responsible lajnah. Based on the data obtained, the results of this study are, there are three communication techniques applied by the HTI in cadre development activities are: (1) informative techniques, namely by providing information about HTI and the main ideas it develops, to all levels of society both students , students, scholars, intellectuals, as well as influential figures in society such as government leaders, legislators, leaders of mass organizations, leaders of political parties, etc., as well as members of the cadre at the general level of learning, general level, (2) persuasive techniques by inviting them to join and support HTI preaching through dialogue, discussion, bulletin sharing, magazines, etc., and (3) the technique of human relationships by giving advice inter-personal to the community or members experiencing problems through consultation activities Key Words: Communication Technique, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, The Development of Cadre.

This article analyze about how the role of Local Self Government Fund Allocation (ADD) policy in helping achieving independence local self government. The research results show that the of ADD policy in local self government Nyogan Sub – district Mestong District Muaro Jambi is running well. This can be seen from the use of local self government fund allocation who has been through the plan drafting stage activities, activities implementation and accountability activities and have in accordance with regulation Regent in every year the budget that is 2014 up to 2016. As for some factors that influence of ADD policy in local self government Nyogan Sub – district Mestong District Muaro Jambi are communication, sources, behavior, bureaucracy structure, inveronment and size base and aim of policy. Advice writer of local self government fund allocation policy in helping to realize local self government independence is need arranging socialization local self government fund allocation to community and the implementation team so can know local self government fund allocation and its use so that public participation in any activity local self government fund allocation increases. The method of this research was qualitative with empiric researched approach. It was conducted in local self government Head's Office Sub – district Mestong District Muaro Jambi. The data obtained by observing, interviewing, and literature review. The primary data obtained from informant and observation while the secondary data obtained from document and file of government rules in local self government Head's Office at Nyogan, Sub – district Mestong District Muaro Jambi.

On 26 September 1996, the Commission is a permanent member and the only representative from UkraineThe international organization of securities commissions (International Organization of Securities Commissions-IOSCO).IOSCO has brought together more than 180 regulatory authorities of the countries of the world with the purpose of cooperation, exchange of information, joint development of the best standards of securities regulation, with the subsequent introduction of the national markets of the Member States.The main work of the organization is in the development of international standards and recommendations concerning the regulation of securities. Documents developed by IOSCO, ignored many other international organizations, including the World Bank Group, OECD, regional development banks (EBRD), the International Committee on accounting standards, the Basel Committee on banking supervision, etc.The Commission last years successfully works on the harmonization of national legislation in accordance with international standards IOSCO Principles and, in particular, with the aim of joining the Multilateral memorandum of understanding on advice and cooperation and information exchange of the international organization of securities markets regulators paper (IOSCO MMoU).Accession to the above-mentioned Multilateral memorandum provided by the Coalition Agreement and the Complex program of development of the financial sector to 2020 year. ; Статья посвящена анализу и исследованию проблем государственного регулирования на рынке ценных бумаг и адаптации украинского законодательства по фондовому рынку принципам Международной организации комиссий по ценным бумагам. ; Досліджено проблеми державного регулювання на ринку цінних паперів та адаптації українського законодавства щодо фондового ринку до принципів Міжнародної організації комісій з цінних паперів.

On 26 September 1996, the Commission is a permanent member and the only representative from UkraineThe international organization of securities commissions (International Organization of Securities Commissions-IOSCO).IOSCO has brought together more than 180 regulatory authorities of the countries of the world with the purpose of cooperation, exchange of information, joint development of the best standards of securities regulation, with the subsequent introduction of the national markets of the Member States.The main work of the organization is in the development of international standards and recommendations concerning the regulation of securities. Documents developed by IOSCO, ignored many other international organizations, including the World Bank Group, OECD, regional development banks (EBRD), the International Committee on accounting standards, the Basel Committee on banking supervision, etc.The Commission last years successfully works on the harmonization of national legislation in accordance with international standards IOSCO Principles and, in particular, with the aim of joining the Multilateral memorandum of understanding on advice and cooperation and information exchange of the international organization of securities markets regulators paper (IOSCO MMoU).Accession to the above-mentioned Multilateral memorandum provided by the Coalition Agreement and the Complex program of development of the financial sector to 2020 year. ; Статья посвящена анализу и исследованию проблем государственного регулирования на рынке ценных бумаг и адаптации украинского законодательства по фондовому рынку принципам Международной организации комиссий по ценным бумагам. ; Досліджено проблеми державного регулювання на ринку цінних паперів та адаптації українського законодавства щодо фондового ринку до принципів Міжнародної організації комісій з цінних паперів.