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This paper examines the consequences of data error in data series used to construct aggregate indicators. Using the most popular indicator of country level economic development, the Human Development Index (HDI), we identify three separate sources of data error. We propose a simple statistical framework to investigate how data error may bias rank assignments and identify two striking consequences for the HDI. First, using the cutoff values used by the United Nations to assign a country as 'low', 'medium', or 'high' developed, we find that currently up to 45% of developing countries are misclassified. Moreover, by replicating prior development/macroeconomic studies, we find that key estimated parameters such as Gini coefficients and speed of convergence measures vary by up to 100% due to data error. -- Measurement error ; international comparative statistics

Main description: Die beiden Bände gehen auf eine internationale Tagung im Oktober 2006 über die Goldene Bulle Kaiser Karls IV. von 1356 zurück. Die Arbeitsstelle Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH) an der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften nahm das 650-jährige Jubiläum der Proklamation der Goldenen Bulle auf zwei Hoftagen zu Nürnberg und Metz zum Anlass, diesen unter den Kaiserurkunden des 14. Jahrhunderts prominentesten Text in den Mittelpunkt einer eingehenden Diskussion zu stellen. Eine ähnlich intensive Beschäftigung wie im Jubiläumsjahr 2006 der Goldenen Bulle erfuhren Person und Zeit Karls IV. letztmalig im Umfeld seines 600. Todestages 1978. Somit spiegeln die hier vorgelegten 34 Beiträge zu historischen und kunsthistorischen, juristischen und philologischen Themen zugleich den Erkenntnisstand der anschließenden Forschergeneration wider. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt weniger auf Personen, Institutionen und Regionen des spätmittelalterlichen Imperiums, auch nicht auf der textimmanenten oder isoliert kontextualisierenden Analyse der Goldenen Bulle. Vielmehr wird diese in vier Sektionen – Kaiser und Reich im 14. Jahrhundert, Inszenierung und Repräsentation, Das Reich und seine Nachbarn, Rezeption und Wirkung – unter Aufnahme jüngerer Forschungsströmungen bewusst in der Komplexität ihrer historischen Bezüge betrachtet. Die Goldene Bulle wird so nicht nur als Zugang zur Epoche Karls IV. transparent, sondern zugleich hinsichtlich ihres Verbreitungs- und Bedeutungszuwachses im Spätmittelalter und in ihrem Weiterwirken als staatsrechtliches Dokument bis in die Neuzeit thematisiert.

F. Taylor Ostrander'S notes on G.D.H. Cole's lectures on Das Kapital -- Taylor Ostrander's notes from lectures by James E. Meade, Hertford College, Oxford University, 1932-1933 -- Notes from D.H. Macgregor's seminar on trade cycle theory and lectures on economic analysis, Oxford University, 1932-1933 -- Notes from F. Taylor Ostrander on tutorials with Lindley M. Fraser, Oxford University, 1932-1933 -- Shorter notes by F. Taylor Ostrander on lectures, Oxford University, 1932-1933 -- Appendix : the searches for Frederick Lavington and Maurice Allen -- Introduction to John R. Commons's Reasonable value -- Reasonable value -- The last course on institutionalism taught by Clarence E. Ayres -- From A.D. Lindsay's course The theory of the modern state, Oxford University, 1932-1933 -- F. Taylor Ostrander's notes from Alfred Zimmern's lectures on international politics, 1918-1932, Oxford University, 1932-1933

"The future growth and development of Asia — the most dynamic economic region in the world today — will have important implications for the rest of the global economy. This book offers a futuristic perspective of a wide array of developmental challenges and opportunities facing Asian economies over the next two decades. The future is approached from several different developmental paradigms including technological change and innovation, regional cooperation within Asia and between Asia and the West, poverty reduction, ethics and corruption, and environmental challenges. Future prospects for the two giant economies of China and India are also explored. By offering a comprehensive look at the medium-term future of Asia from such a wide range of different viewpoints, this fascinating book will interest economists, social scientists, politicians, international investment managers and the general public alike."

International trade agreements and reforms of the European Common Agricultural Policy increase the importance of agricultural risk management as a means to stabilise farm incomes. 'Income stabilisation in European agriculture' addresses farm income and risk management issues from various perspectives. A cohesive work is brought together on historic income data, quantitative analyses of future policy scenarios, actual farmers' perceptions and an updated view on various risk management instruments. In-depth analyses focus on Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Overall findings are synthesised in policy recommendations for agricultural risk management in European agriculture. For academia, this publication brings together an interesting variety of quantitative and qualitative methods to understand and interpret risk management concepts in agriculture. For public and private stakeholders analyses and reflections can be used in debating the domain of policy reforms, risk exposure and risk management in European agriculture

South Asia is a rich and fascinating linguistic area, its many hundreds of languages from four major language families representing the distinctions of caste, class, profession, religion, and region. This comprehensive new volume presents an overview of the language situation in this vast subcontinent in a linguistic, historical and sociolinguistic context. An invaluable resource, it comprises authoritative contributions from leading international scholars within the fields of South Asian language and linguistics, historical linguistics, cultural studies and area studies. Topics covered include the ongoing linguistic processes, controversies, and implications of language modernization; the functions of South Asian languages within the legal system, media, cinema, and religion; language conflicts and politics, and Sanskrit and its long traditions of study and teaching. Language in South Asia is an accessible interdisciplinary book for students and scholars in sociolinguistics, multilingualism, language planning and South Asian studies

Main description: "Geistiges Eigentum und Innovation" bildet den ersten Band des Projekts "Innovationsrecht". Das Projekt zielt auf eine systematische, trans- und interdisziplinäre Untersuchung des bestehenden Rechts hinsichtlich seiner förderlichen oder hemmenden Einflüsse auf technologische Innovationsprozesse und soll Ansatzpunkte für seine Weiterentwicklung aufzeigen. Damit sollen die Fragen nach der Rolle des Rechts für die gesellschaftliche Innovationsfähigkeit aufgegriffen und der Dialog mit den weiter entwickelten Innovationsforschungen anderer Disziplinen gefördert werden.Die Autoren wenden sich dem Recht des Geistigen Eigentums zu, rekonstruieren kritisch dessen Grundkonzept und befragen es auf seine Anpassungsfähigkeit wie -notwendigkeit angesichts der tatsächlichen Veränderungen. Nach der Einordnung des geistigen Eigentums als Referenzbereich rechtswissenschaftlicher Innovationsforschung wird zunächst grundsätzlich untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen und in welcher Ausgestaltung der Schutz Geistigen Eigentums ein tauglicher Innovationsmotor ist. Nach der Analyse des rechtlichen Rahmens durch internationales und Verfassungsrecht folgen Querschnittsbetrachtungen, in denen die neuen, übergreifenden Entwicklungen zunehmend vernetzter Forschungs- und Produktionsstrukturen (v. a. Unternehmensnetzwerke, Creative Commons) auf ihre Innovationsbedingungen und die Folgen für das Recht untersucht und theoretisch reflektiert werden. Die im Patentrecht herzustellende Balance von Anschluss- und Ausschlussfähigkeit wird bereichsspezifisch für die innovativen Schlüsselsektoren Biotechnologie und Software-Entwicklung untersucht und die Rolle des Urheberrechts für technische Innovationen und den Zugang zu Informationen analysiert. Schließlich wird danach gefragt, inwiefern pre- oder post-grant öffentliche Ziele jenseits der Innovation selbst in das Rechtsregime des Geistigen Eigentums integriert werden oder werden sollten.

This paper argues that the perspective of ordonomic - a rational-choice based analysis of (interdependencies between) social structure and semantics - can provide new insights into the changing role of business in society. We claim (a) that the proper role of business is societal value creation, (b) that business firms - as economic players - can take on the role of improving the rules of the game, i.e., act as corporate citizens, and (c) that business ethics can and should provide theoretical guidance for "corporate citizenship" and the political processes of "new governance," in which business firms, together with civil society organizations and state actors, work together to solve problems, especially at an international (and sometimes even global) scale. Finally, we show (d) that this perspective requires overcoming two blind spots in recent discourse about the appropriate analytical foundations of business ethics.

A Companion to Media Studies is a comprehensive collection that brings together new writings by an international team to provide an overview of the theories and methodologies that have produced this most interdisciplinary of fields. Tackles a variety of central concepts and controversies, organized into six areas of study: foundations, production, media content, media audiences, effects, and futures Provides an accessible point of entry into this expansive and interdisciplinary field Includes the writings of renowned media scholars, including McQuail, Schiller, Gallagher, Wartella, and Bryant Now available in paperback for the course market. Angharad N. Valdiviais Research Associate Professor of Communications at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She is editor of Feminism, Multiculturalism, and the Media: Global Diversities(1995) and author of A Latina in the Land of Hollywood and Other Essays on Media Culture (2000).

THE END OF THE WEST? -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1. Explaining Crisis and Change in Transatlantic Relations: An Introduction -- 2. Inevitable Decline versus Predestined Stability: Disciplinary Explanations of the Evolving Transatlantic Order -- 3. The Ghost of Crises Past: The Troubled Alliance in Historical Perspective -- 4. Iraq and Previous Transatlantic Crises: Divided by Threat, Not Institutions or Values -- 5. The Atlantic Order in Transition: The Nature of Change in U.S.-European Relations -- 6. Trade Is No Superglue: The Changing Political Economy of Transatlantic Relations -- 7. The Ties That Bind? U.S.-EU Economic Relations and the Institutionalization of the Transatlantic Alliance -- 8. Crisis, What Crisis? Transatlantic Differences and the Foundations of International Law -- 9. The Sovereign Foundations of Transatlantic Crisis in the Post-9/11 Era -- 10. Passions within Reason -- 11. American Exceptionalism or Western Civilization? -- 12. The End of the West? Conclusions -- INDEX.

The book examines the creative industries of Cameroon and Africa and makes bold the cultural triumphant assertion that Africa is home to some of the most diverse cultural patrimony and the most versatile creative professionals. It also discusses indigenous development models and questions the rationale for Eurocentric democratic paradigms which have partly contributed to the demise of a concrete democratic development entitlement in most African countries. Ngwane weaves both the cultural and political strands into a search for a homegrown development web which he calls 'glocalisation'. Ngwane's essays, most of which have animated debate and discourse in national newspapers, online blogs and International journals are lucid in their arguments, poignant in their ideological focus, rich in their non-fiction craftsmanship and urgent in their message delivery. The essays will make good reading for students of Africa studies, Development studies, Politics and Culture.

This wide-ranging book presents the first comprehensive and comparative account of the slave trade within the nations and colonial systems of the Americas. While most scholarly attention to slavery in the Americas has concentrated on international transatlantic trade, the essays in this volume focus on the slave trades within Brazil, the West Indies, and the Southern states of the United States after the closing of the Atlantic slave trade.The contributors cast new light upon questions that have framed the study of slavery in the Americas for decades. The book investigates such topics as the illegal slave trade in Cuba, the Creole slave revolt in the U.S., and the debate between pro- and antislavery factions over the interstate slave trade in the South. Together, the authors offer fresh and provocative insights into the interrelations of capitalism, sovereignty, and slavery

Sustainability has become a topic of global relevance: Corporations and other economically acting organizations increasingly need to realize economic, environmental and social objectives in order to survive. Supplementary to 'classical' environmental management, realizing corporate sustainability requires comprehensive approaches which allow the integration of social and economic aspects. Such concepts can be found e.g. in international excellence models mainly based on a TQM thinking but also in the field of human factors in organizational design and management. Understood as systems approaches, they include the interests of all relevant stakeholders with a mid- or long-term time perspective and are thus highly linked with the principles of sustainable development. In this book internationally leading scientists discuss the issue of sustainability from their perspective, resulting in an innovative view on different management approaches under the umbrella of corporate sustainability.

1. Introduction: Rome and the powers in the modern age -- 2. The papacy between revolutionary upheaval and restoration, 1789-1849 -- 3. Rome grapples with liberalism, nationalism, and sectionalism, 1849-1878 -- 4. The papacy confronts social issues, modernism, and international relations, 1878-1914 -- 5. Benedict XV, the World War, and the League of Nations, 1914-1922 -- 6. The Vatican in an age of dictatorship, totalitarianism, and anti-Semitism, 1922-1939 -- 7. The Vatican's "impartiality," "silence," and "internationalism" during World War II and beyond -- 8. The papacy and the cold war: the confrontation between Catholicism and communism -- 9. The Second Vatican Council, aggiornamento, and papal accommodation with the modern world, 1958-1978 -- 10. The contemporary papacy, shuttle diplomacy, and the collapse of communism, 1978-2003 -- 11. Quo vadis Benedict XVI? -- 12. Conclusion: continuity and change in papal policy

Information technology is an integral part of the practices and institutions of post-industrial society. It is also a source of hard moral questions and thus is both a probing and relevant area for moral theory. In this volume, an international team of philosophers sheds light on many of the ethical issues arising from information technology, including informational privacy, digital divide and equal access, e-trust and tele-democracy. Collectively, these essays demonstrate how accounts of equality and justice, property and privacy benefit from taking into account how information technology has shaped our social and epistemic practices and our moral experiences. Information technology changes the way that we look at the world and deal with one another. It calls, therefore, for a re-examination of notions such as friendship, care, commitment and trust