Suchergebnisse

The article aims to show the influence of culture on issues related to the state security policy at its various levels. The analysis carried out in the article compares selected actions of states in the internal and international arena in the field of security policy with Geert Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions and the theory of Edward T. Hall. Its result shows that the cultural aspect plays a great role at each level of the state security strategy. Culture not only defines what values will be protected, but also has an impact on the means by which this goal will be achieved. The literature used in the article shows the emerging interest among researchers in issues related to security in a new view of culture, how it influences the phenomena discussed in the work and the role that culture can play in building security systems.

Open Science (OS) – an emerging global trend driven by advances in digital technologies and government's commitment to greater transparency and value for money of publicly funded research – is at its early stages, even in countries with high R&D expenditures, such as South Korea. This study provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of Korea's national OS approach, with a focus on exploring the current OS regulatory and technological environments it operates under, and uncovering its SWOT – strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It concludes that internal weaknesses, such as insufficient political will to promote OS, dominate other SWOT characteristics of Korea's national OS approach. Thus, the highest priority should be given to strategies attempting to minimise both internal weaknesses and external threats, such as reinforcing domestic Open Access publishing ecosystem to mitigate Korean researchers' dependency on large international commercial publishers.

Menschenrechte sind unerlässlich, um ein strukturiertes und geregeltes Zusammenleben zu ermöglichen. Aus diesem Grund ist es der Europäischen Union auch ein großes Anliegen, diese zu fördern und zu schützen - innerhalb ihrer eigenen Grenzen, sowie auch darüber hinaus. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem externen Menschenrechtsschutzbereich der Europäischen Union, daher darauf, wie dieser internationale Staatenbund gemeinsam mit anderen völkerrechtlichen Akteuren außerhalb des Unionsrechts tätig wird. Unter anderem hat die Europäische Union zu diesem Zweck eine eigene Ratsarbeitsgruppe (COHOM) eingerichtet, welche für die Entwicklung der Menschenrechtsleitlinien zuständig ist.Nach einer einleitenden Beschreibung der Menschenrechtspolitik der Europäischen Union sowie einer Darlegung der wichtigsten Rechtsgrundlagen für deren Tätigkeit auf diesem Gebiet, wird der gesetzliche beziehungsweise normative Wert der Leitlinien selbst geklärt, sowie darüber hinaus eine Vereinbarkeit mit diversen völkerrechtlichen Grundsätzen einer Überprüfung unterzogen. Auch soll geklärt werden, wie sich die Europäische Union zu einem noch stärkeren und einflussreicheren globalen Akteur im Bereich der Menschenrechte, unter Zuhilfenahme ihrer Menschenrechtsleitlinien, entwickeln kann. Auf welche Errungenschaften kann man bereits zurückblicken? Welche Vorgehensweisen sollten seitens der Europäischen Union unbedingt beibehalten werden und welche Angelegenheiten sollten einer Überprüfung unterzogen werden?Aufgrund dieser Gedankengänge wären wir auch bei den zentralen Forschungsfragen, welcher sich diese Arbeit widmet. Um diese zu beantworten, wird untersucht, ob sich die Menschenrechtsleitlinien der Europäischen Union bestimmten Gruppen zuordnen lassen, oder ob diese am wirkungsvollsten sind, wenn sie mehr als einheitliches Konstrukt an Leitlinien betrachtet werden, welche sich gegenseitig ergänzen und bedingen. Danach wird ein Augenmerk darauf gerichtet, an welchen menschenrechtspolitischen Instrumenten sowie Maßnahmen sich die ...

Recently, the discussion on the concept and specific scope of the legal-criminal good protected by Title XIII of the Colombian Penal Code has gained renewed interest. This article analyzes the issue in the international order, the evolution of national legislation in this regard is reviewed, the main positions adopted by jurisprudence and doctrine are exposed and, finally, a position is adopted on the matter. ; Recientemente, ha cobrado renovado interés la discusión sobre el concepto y alcance específico del bien jurídico-penalmente tutelado por el Título xiii del Código Penal colombiano. En este artículo se analiza la cuestión en el ordenamiento internacional, se reseña la evolución de la legislación nacional al respecto, se exponen las principales posturas adoptadas por jurisprudencia y doctrina y, finalmente, se adopta postura sobre el particular.

International audience ; Circumcision as a cultural practise is a rite of passage with a nuanced symbolic and associated public status. An event lasting days, weeks or even months, the performative elements involved are a reflection of political, cultural and social positions among the Bagisu ethnic tribe of eastern Uganda. The entire event is divided into three sections, each with a special dance; 1, Isonja, 2, Mwaga/Kadodi and, 3 Inemba dances. In this article, however, the focus is on Isonja and Inemba dances in a ritual setting and their relation to a broader community context. The article further sheds light on the notions of dance, music, and dance-musicking elements rooted in the ritual while theorizing the Imbalu circumcision process according to Arnold Van Gennep and Victor Turner's triple concepts of separation, transition, and incorporation.

International audience ; In Senegal, as in many developing countries, the agricultural sector plays a key role in the economy. In addition to supplying food, agriculture is the most important source of employment, especially for women. Through the Plan for an Emerging Senegal (PES), the Senegalese government is implementing an ambitious financing plan to improve the productivity of the agricultural sector and enhance employment opportunities for women. Our study assesses the impact of two PES measures (investment subsidies and an increase in production subsidies for the agricultural sectors) on economic growth, women's employment, poverty and inequality using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model linked to a microsimulation model. The results show that both policies have generally positive effects in reducing poverty and gender inequalities. However, investment subsidies in the agricultural sectors have stronger impacts in reducing gender inequality and poverty in the long term.

International audience ; Written by James Buchanan in the early 1970s, "The Samaritan's Dilemma" is a pessimistic essay, marked by his author's negative views about the situation in Western societies at that time. Yet, the situation described in this essay also fits into Buchanan's approach of cooperation and free-riding. Put differently, it is perfectly with Buchanan's views in public economics. This is what we aim at showing in this short article. Our demonstration develops in two parts. First, we show that Buchanan's main argument about cooperation in the provision of public goods or removal of externalities necessarily leads to situations such as the one described in the Samaritan's dilemma. Second, we show that Buchanan did not take the situation seriously until the end of the 1960s, a few years before he wrote his essay on the dilemma.

Policy makers, educators, and scholars observe with interest how Nordic countries organise services for the education and care of the youngest children. The 'Nordic model' of ECEC has become synonymous with a holistic, children's rights-based approach to pedagogy, grounded in democratic values. But as societies keep changing, what exactly characterises the 'Nordic model' today? Given the diversity between and within countries, are there common principles?We investigated the values and principles that underpin the evaluation of early childhood education and care in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden). We found that a 'Nordic' approach to evaluation still exists, although it is changing, not least under the influence of wider international developments. An important aspect of the 'Nordic' approach is the central role given to the local and municipal context.

In 2016, the development of an Energy Efficiency Roadmap (USAID, 2017) undertaken by Agency for International Development (USAID) showed that an energy-saving potential of 310 MW by 2030 was possible at a cost lower than the current supply of electricity. However, the energy- efficiency potential is spread out across many technologies and requires the establishment of enabling policies to stimulate efficient use of energy. Chief among these is the establishment of energy- efficiency standards and labeling (EESL) for electric equipment as indicated by Uganda national energy policy legislation (MEMD, 2002). This report first includes an assessment of energy consumption in the residential sector to identify priority products of focus for the EESL program followed by an assessment of the legal and administrative capacity needs of Ugandan institutions to operate and enforce Uganda's EESL program.

This chapter analyses the cultural diplomacies of the European Union (EU), Russia, and China in Central Asia through the proposed tripartite framework. The Treaty of Maastricht of 1993 legitimised culture as a European policy area for the first time, as Article 167 recognises that the Union supports member states' cultural actions while respecting national and regional diversity. New opportunities for cultural relations with Central Asia may nevertheless arise from the 2019 revised Strategy, seeking to update existing cooperation between the EU and Central Asia. In Central Asia, the EU has not devised tools to assess perceptions through quantitative surveys or funded relevant organisations to conduct them. The Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation, commonly known as Rossotrudnichestvo, is today Russia's major Cultural diplomacy (CD) actor.

International audience ; The introductory chapter introduces the research project that the book's chapters are built upon and identifies key questions that are addressed within the book's thematic frame. The COST Action 'ProSEPS' project (Professionalization and Social Impact of European Political Science) collected updated information about the situation of the political science profession in Europe. Despite the widely acknowledged process of continental integration driven by the European Union (EU), the academic landscape has been and still is characterised by a great variety of traditions, institutions and resources. On this basis, this chapter explains that institutional development has been chosen as the major focus that could possibly introduce as well as explain the sources of this variety. It identifies the empirical, theoretical and comparative issues at stake and introduces the cases covered in the book and its structure.

International audience ; Modern societies face many challenges, one of them is the rise of affective polarization over the last 4 decades. In an attempt to understand its reasons, many researchers have questioned the role of Social Media in general, and Recommender Systems (RS) in particular, on the emergence of these extreme behaviors. Diversity in News Recommender Systems (NRS) was quickly perceived as a major issue for the preservation of a healthy democratic debate. However, after more than 15 years of research in Artificial Intelligence on the subject, the understanding of the real impact of diversity in recommendations remains limited. Through a case analysis on the well-known MIND dataset, we propose a critique of the diversity-aware recommendation and evaluation approaches, and provide some take-home messages related to the need of adapted datasets, diversity metrics and analytical methodologies.

International audience ; Modern societies face many challenges, one of them is the rise of affective polarization over the last 4 decades. In an attempt to understand its reasons, many researchers have questioned the role of Social Media in general, and Recommender Systems (RS) in particular, on the emergence of these extreme behaviors. Diversity in News Recommender Systems (NRS) was quickly perceived as a major issue for the preservation of a healthy democratic debate. However, after more than 15 years of research in Artificial Intelligence on the subject, the understanding of the real impact of diversity in recommendations remains limited. Through a case analysis on the well-known MIND dataset, we propose a critique of the diversity-aware recommendation and evaluation approaches, and provide some take-home messages related to the need of adapted datasets, diversity metrics and analytical methodologies.

This article analyzes how Qatar strategically utilized its foreign policy to overcome the implications of the 2017 Gulf crisis. Using neoclassical realism, it investigates the ways in which Qatar used its foreign relations to mitigate the impact of a crisis that barred Qatar from aerial, naval, and land corridors in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates, henceforth referred to as the Quartet. The impacts are threefold. Starting from a macro-level perspective, Qatar leveraged its status as a crucial energy supplier, alongside the resultant financial boon, to prevent an international consensus supporting the claims of the Quartet. From a micro-level perspective, the likelihood of military escalation was circumvented by Qatar's ties with Turkey and the United States. Finally, the economic impact of the crisis was largely absorbed by Qatar's ties with Iran.

As President of the United States, Donald Trump's decision to recognise Jerusalem as the capital of Israel served to heighten tensions in the Middle East and instantly undermined his stated goal of bringing peace to the troubled region. This paper will argue that there are important lessons to be gained from the political process in Northern Ireland to help bolster a peace process in the Middle East. Through an analysis of Unionist politics pre- and post- the Anglo-Irish Agreement, the paper will argue that there is a need to not only encourage militants to make peace, but also to incentivise regional hegemons into meaningful negotiations. The paper will highlight the important role played by international hegemonic powers as they seek to create a Strategically Benefical Moment for all sides in the conflict as they seek to 'ripen' the conditions for peace.