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International audience ; China's policy interventions to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 have environmental and economic impacts. Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide indicates economic activities, as nitrogen dioxide is primarily emitted from fossil fuel consumption. Satellite measurements show a 48% drop in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column densities from the 20 days averaged before the 2020 Lunar New Year to the 20 days averaged after. This decline is 21±5% larger than that from 2015 to 2019. We relate this reduction to two of the government's actions: the announcement of the first report in each province and the date of a province's lockdown. Both actions are associated with nearly the same magnitude of reductions. Our analysis offers insights into the unintended environmental and economic consequences through reduced economic activities. Copyright

International audience ; Although legally the criteria to adopt IFRS in the EU have not changed since the adoption of the 2002 IAS-Regulation, the way they are assessed evolved over time. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the European public good (EPG) criterion has been interpreted since the beginning of the EU endorsement process and how it is interpreted today. After retracing the origin of the European public good criterion in the IAS-Regulation we identify different periods in the EU endorsement process where the application of the EPG criterion changed. These changes are explained by a variety of factors, not least the financial crisis of 2008. The scope of what is considered to be part of the EPG has substantially expanded, a trend that is still ongoing.

International audience ; In Europe, energy efficiency obligations are imposed on energy retailers competing in liberalized energy markets. They comply by subsidizing energy efficiency investments made by energy end-users within or outside their customer base. We develop a model describing how competition in the energy market affects compliance strategies. We find that, instead of selecting the most cost-effective investments options, firms may either target their most elastic customers, which enables them to increase their retail price, or their competitor's customers, which protects their sales. Allowing firms to trade obligations can restore cost-effectiveness, but reduces consumer surplus. Overall, the degree of flexibility that should be incorporated into such programs crucially depends on the degree of heterogeneity across investment costs and the relative weights governments assign to cost-effectiveness and consumer surplus.

International audience ; Through an empirical approach of several conspiracy theories (Knight Templars, Jesuits, Illuminati, Freemasons or Jewish conspiracy), I have noticed they develop six main characteristics. First, the conspiratorial myth points out scapegoats in a non-aleatory way. They usually belong to ethnical or religious minorities. Secondly, those scapegoats try to acquire an overwhelming power in all fields. Thirdly, to achieve this goal, they corrupt the whole society, especially on mores and sexuality. Fourthly, to set up their domination the scapegoats use the art of simulation and dissimulation. They yield a cult of secrecy. Fifthly, the scapegoats are consistently portrayed through symbolic morphological types, frequently as animals. Finally, conspiratorial myths undergo a process of hybridization and creolization. They go through transformations, alterations and medleys. Every conspiracy theories mix up into one another.

International audience ; El artículo revisa una serie de aproximaciones paradigmáticas sobre los años treinta, y expone algunos argumentos que consideramos necesarios para acercarnos a la comprensión de esa etapa crucial de la historia política argentina del siglo XX. Específicamente, señalamos que la profunda ruptura que introdujo la revolución de septiembre de 1930 consistió en la imposición desde el estado de una exclusión que cargó con la fuerza de la democratización, y que, a la postre, operó hacia el interior de la comunidad. El trabajo, de tal modo, además de ofrecer lineamientos para una nueva interpretación de los años treinta, pretende también contribuir a la reflexión sobre el proceso de democratización en la Argentina, y sobre los potenciales efectos de mediano y largo alcance que éste tuvo en la política del país.

International audience ; La Asociación Española de Investigación de Historia de las Mujeres (AEIHM) ha dedicado su VIII Seminario Internacional a la Historia Pública. El objetivo ha sido debatir el desafío que representa la transferencia del conocimiento, en materia de historia de las mujeres y desde la perspectiva de género, a la sociedad en general y al público no especializado. Así, hemos trabajado con ponentes profesionales de diferentes áreas de conocimiento, todos los aspectos que tienen que ver con la difusión de la historia: la práctica fuera del aula, en museos, centros para la conservación del patrimonio, y la gestión y producción de recursos digitales. El ánimo del seminario ha sido contribuir significativamente a que el gran público sea capaz de compartir narrativas sobre su pasado inclusivas en materia de género.

International audience ; The political power of maps can be initially approached with a Foucauldian lens to show how maps can be considered to be "discourse," a way of not only displaying spatial information but organizing geographical knowledge that structures a collective understanding of situations. The spread of mobile technologies has transformed maps and mapping, and along with counter-mapping have become powerful tools for challenging the dominant spatial order and its representations. Three broad types of maps related to protest activities can be identified: maps of protests that locate the site of rallies and demonstrations; maps to protest that are agenda-driven either because they challenge existing representations or they make problems in governance visible, and maps for protest that enable and promote alternative and emancipatory uses of space.

International audience ; We construct the French nominal yield curve using Svensson33 methodology and all available public data of French nominal government debt securities—Obligations Assimilables du Trésor (OATs). Our sample period starts in October 1987 and ends in April 2018. We find that the functioning of the French sovereign bond market has improved dramatically following the onset of the euro area and has been functioning reasonably well since then, with the exceptions of the Global Financial Crisis period and the European sovereign crisis period. We also find that, the French nominal on-the-run securities have, on average, a negligible liquidity premium, in sharp contrast to the U.S. nominal Treasury market, where such a premium is sizable. On average, the level and the slope of the French zero-coupon rates have been decreasing since the Global Financial Crisis.

My article aims to demonstrate that both contemporary theatre and dance offer significant means of elaborating a personal as well as collective identity in Bauman's terms of a constant process of aggregation of different aspects and trends (Bauman, 2003: 17). More precisely, I propose through the analysis of Romeo Castellucci's Democracy in America (2017) to reflect on the European identity as an epiphenomenon of today's tendencies. ; International audience ; My article aims to demonstrate that both contemporary theatre and dance offer significant means of elaborating a personal as well as collective identity in Bauman's terms of a constant process of aggregation of different aspects and trends (Bauman, 2003: 17). More precisely, I propose through the analysis of Romeo Castellucci's Democracy in America (2017) to reflect on the European identity as an epiphenomenon of today's tendencies.

International audience ; Multirotor drones modelling and parameter estimation have gained great interest because of their vast application for civil, industrial, military and agricultural purposes. At the preliminary design level the challenge is to develop lightweight models which remain representative of the physical laws and the system interdependencies. Based on the dimensional analysis, this paper presents a variety of modelling approaches for the estimation of the functional parameters and characteristics of the key components of the system. Through this work a solid framework is presented for helping bridge the gaps between optimizing idealized models and selecting existing components from a database. Special interest is given to the models in terms of reliability and error. The results are compared for various existing drone platforms with different requirements and their differences discussed.

International audience ; We provide a comprehensive analysis of the computational complexity of the outcome determination problem for the most important aggregation rules proposed in the literature on logic-based judgment aggregation. Judgment aggregation is a powerful and flexible framework for studying problems of collective decision making that has attracted interest in a range of disciplines, including Legal Theory, Philosophy, Economics, Political Science, and Artificial Intelligence. The problem of computing the outcome for a given list of individual judgments to be aggregated into a single collective judgment is the most fundamental algorithmic challenge arising in this context. Our analysis applies to several different variants of the basic framework of judgment aggregation that have been discussed in the literature, as well as to a new framework that encompasses all existing such frameworks in terms of expressive power and representational succinctness.

The Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) was launched in October 2018 to accelerate adaptation action and support by elevating the political visibility of adaptation and focusing on concrete solutions to the climate crisis. It is led by Ban Ki-moon, 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, and Bill Gates, Co-Chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. It is convened by 17 countries and guided by 30 Commissioners, and co-managed by the Global Center on Adaptation and World Resources Institute. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) has been heavily involved in the work of the GCA. This outcome validation report focuses on how CCAFS has been involved in the GCA processes, focusing on contributions made in 2019.

China has recently reinvigorated reforms to its electricity sector, focusing on increasing the role of markets and improving regulation. While restructuring an electricity sector is difficult and can require years of detailed planning, China's approach relies upon broad central guidelines with many details and initiatives left to provincial governments. We assess the current state of reform efforts through the lens of five "pitfalls" based on well-established regulatory economics literature and international lessons, focusing on contract structure, system operation, and regulation. We find that while market efforts are likely to achieve efficiency gains with respect to the planned system, they may fall short of crucial functions of a market, such as incentivizing flexibility given increasing renewable energy penetrations. Making markets work will likely require a stronger centralization of market design and regulatory oversight authorities.

International audience ; China's policy interventions to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 have environmental and economic impacts. Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide indicates economic activities, as nitrogen dioxide is primarily emitted from fossil fuel consumption. Satellite measurements show a 48% drop in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide vertical column densities from the 20 days averaged before the 2020 Lunar New Year to the 20 days averaged after. This decline is 21±5% larger than that from 2015 to 2019. We relate this reduction to two of the government's actions: the announcement of the first report in each province and the date of a province's lockdown. Both actions are associated with nearly the same magnitude of reductions. Our analysis offers insights into the unintended environmental and economic consequences through reduced economic activities. Copyright

International audience ; Este libro representa un esfuerzo de interdisciplinariedad que encuentra un espacio propicio en la Geografía Política, con lo que se confirma la consolidación de una ciencia que dialoga con las ciencias experimentales, las sociales y las humanidades, apartándose así de los enfoques estrictamente acuñados en las prácticas de la geografía cartesiana y de sus limitaciones. El ejercicio multi disciplinario se puede abordar desde distintos paradigmas, superando los enfoques tradicionales, lo que sin duda enriquece el estudio de la complejidad societaria. A través de seis contribuciones se analizan temáticas relacionadas con la historia y epistemología de la geografía política, la gestión ambiental y territorial de los recursos naturales, la participación ciudadana y la democracia, revelando así una renovada agenda de investigación de esta subrama de la geografía infravalorada.