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This article delves into how mass media have agency in building social beliefs, narrativesof the past, and collective emotional orientations about the enemy, which sharpenpolitical polarization and legitimize the armed exits to the social and political conflict,which has existed in Colombia for more than five decades. The results show a linear,hegemonic, and homogeneous discourse, which is induced clearly from the media, accordingto participants' voice, which constitutes an absolute enemy in guerrillas, particularlyin the FARC, a stigma that extends to left-wing political demonstrations or to apro-political settlement of the armed conflict. On the other hand, an actor referred to aslittle known, confused with guerrillas or considered a minor or legitimized evil, are theparamilitaries and a narrative of the hero who sacrifices, cares for us, and protects us,in the Military Forces, from those who minimize their violated human rights actions. Itconcludes on the need to discuss the role of mass media and social media, critically bycontrasting the information they offer. ; El presente artículo profundiza en la forma como los medios de comunicación tienen agencia en la construcción de creencias sociales, narrativas del pasado y orientaciones emocionales colectivas sobre el enemigo que agudizan la polarización política y legitiman las salidas armadas al conflicto social y político que existe en Colombia desde hace más de cinco décadas. En los resultados se evidencia un discurso lineal, hegemónico y homogéneo que está claramente inducido desde los medios de comunicación, según la voz de los participantes, que constituye un enemigo absoluto en las guerrillas, particularmente en las FARC, estigma que se extiende a manifestaciones políticas de izquierda o favorables a una solución política negociada del conflicto armado. De otro lado, un actor referido como poco conocido, confundido con las guerrillas o considerado un mal menor o legitimado, son los paramilitares y una narrativa del héroe que se sacrifica, nos cuida y nos protege, en las Fuerzas Militares, de quienes se minimizan sus acciones violatorias de los derechos humanos. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de poner en discusión el papel de los medios de comunicación masiva y las redes sociales, contrastando críticamente la información que ofrecen.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: An Overview -- 1 The Psychoanalyst and the Biographer -- 2 Some Uses of Dynamic Psychology in Political Biography: Case Materials on Woodrow Wilson -- 3 Writing Psychobiography: Some Theoretical and Methodological Issues -- 4 Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: A Reply to Weinstein, Anderson, and Link -- Source materials for Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House -- Woodrow Wilson's Personality -- Woodrow Wilson's Medical Problems -- Letter of Medical Opinion from Michael F. Marmor, M.D -- Postscript from Political Science Quarterly -- 5 Assessing Presidential Character -- 6 Presidential Management Styles and Models -- Franklin D. Roosevelt -- Harry S. Truman -- Dwight D. Eisenhower -- John F. Kennedy -- Richard M. Nixon -- Jimmy Carter -- Ronald Reagan -- George Bush -- Bill Clinton -- Index.

Woman is Not a Rational Animal: On Aristotle'S Biology of Reproduction -- Aristotle and the Politicization of the Soul -- The Unit of Political Analysis: Our Aristotelian Hangover -- Have Only Men Evolved? -- Evolution and Patriarchal Myths of Scarcity and Competition -- Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Forerunner of a Feminist Social Science -- The Trivialization of the Notion of Equality -- How Can Language be Sexist? -- A Paradigm of Philosophy: The Adversary Method -- The Man of Professional Wisdom -- Gender and Science -- The Mind'S Eye -- Individualism and the Objects of Psychology -- Political Philosophy and the Patriarchal Unconscious: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Epistemology and Metaphysics -- The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism -- Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now?.

Disaster researchers do not make much use of the term "crisis" and when they do, it is often used as a synonym for "disaster". We argue that the use of these terms implies differences in analytical perspective. In this chapter, we outline the crisis approach and explain how it is different from a disaster approach. The crisis approach is fundamentally interdisciplinary in nature, drawing together insights from public administration, sociology, psychology and political science. We explicate the underlying assumptions of this approach and show that this approach helps to recognize the most important challenges for political and administrative leaders during crises and disasters. We argue that the crisis and disaster perspectives are largely complementary and mutually informative.

This editorial summarises a series of eight papers for the Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas special issue, 'Sociology and Contemporary Critical Theory', the impetus for which came out of a symposium held in April 2017 at Leeds Beckett University, entitled 'Critical and Philosophical Issues after Post-Structuralism'. The event was organised by the Critical Theory Research Group, its members' intellectual interests spanning social and cultural theory, political theory, visual culture and social psychology; their aim was and is to reflect upon various tactics for politically engaged and socially active theoretical writing in the wake of a fundamental questioning of knowledge and certainty, and also more recently of the rise of cultural and political developments that would deny the rights of the Other.

Significance Political polarization on important issues can have dire consequences for society, and divisions regarding the issue of climate change could be particularly catastrophic. Building on research in social cognition and psychology, we show that temporal comparison processes largely explain the political gap in respondents’ attitudes towards and behaviors regarding climate change. We found that conservatives’ proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors improved consistently and drastically when we presented messages that compared the environment today with that of the past. This research shows how ideological differences can arise from basic psychological processes, demonstrates how such differences can be overcome by framing a message consistent with these basic processes, and provides a way to market the science behind climate change more effectively.

Political polarization on important issues can have dire consequences for society, and divisions regarding the issue of climate change could be particularly catastrophic. Building on research in social cognition and psychology, we show that temporal comparison processes largely explain the political gap in respondents' attitudes towards and behaviors regarding climate change. We found that conservatives' proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors improved consistently and drastically when we presented messages that compared the environment today with that of the past. This research shows how ideological differences can arise from basic psychological processes, demonstrates how such differences can be overcome by framing a message consistent with these basic processes, and provides a way to market the science behind climate change more effectively.

The specific of development of South African society was in a great deal predefined by the level of socially-historical development of the South African region to colonial encroachment, and by the features of the transformations introduced southward the African continent by the English colonialists. The colonial past of South Africa continues to be saved in memory and psychology of new generations of native population. And for the best comprehension of socio-political difficulties into that the people of this region run on the modern stage of their development, it is necessary from positions of retrospective analysis to study the process of colonization and influence of methods of her realization on a political, socio-economic and cultural situation in South Africa.

The main goal of the special issue on 'the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium' is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature.

The main goal of the special issue on 'the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium' is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature.

Анализируются фрейминговые эффекты в новостях телевизионных каналов Казахстана и влияние данных эффектов на восприятие социальной и политической реальности казахстанскими телезрителями. Опрос фокус-группы и контент-анализ ежедневных вечерних новостных блоков за 2007 г. показали, что различные телеканалы имеют свои характерные фрейминговые эффекты. Результаты анализа обсуждаются в контексте теории фрейминга ; This is analysis of framing effects in television news of Kazakh TV-channels and impact of these effects on social and political awareness of Kazakhstani audience. Focused group interview and content analysis of daily evening news for 2007 made it clear that TV-programs possess own characteristic framing effects. Interdisciplinary approach of this article will be interest in journalism theory, communications, political science and social psychology

Politically oriented "fake news"-false stories or headlines created to support or attack a political position or person-is increasingly being shared and believed on social media. Many online platforms have taken steps to address this by adding a warning label to articles identified as false, but past research has shown mixed evidence for the effectiveness of such labels, and many prior studies have looked only at either short-term impacts or non-political information. This study tested three versions of fake news labels with 541 online participants in a two-wave study. A warning that came before a false headline was initially very effective in both discouraging belief in false headlines generally and eliminating a partisan congruency effect (the tendency to believe politically congenial information more readily than politically uncongenial information). In the follow-up survey two weeks later, however, we found both high levels of belief in the articles and the re-emergence of a partisan congruency effect in all warning conditions, even though participants had known just two weeks ago the items were false. The new pre-warning before the headline showed some small improvements over other types, but did not stop people from believing the article once seen again without a warning. This finding suggests that warnings do have an important immediate impact and may work well in the short term, though the durability of that protection is limited.

Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, Diana Mutz provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. Her book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media. "In-your-face" politics refers to both the level of incivility and the up-close and personal way that we experience political conflict on television. Just as actual physical closeness intensifies people's emotional reactions to others, the appearance of closeness on a video screen has similar effects

Internationally, human rights education is seen as a way of promoting active citizenship &, ultimately, social justice & peace. For the past 30 years, Northern Ireland has been characterized by political conflict & community divisions. With the continuation of the peace process, human rights have been identified as an essential component of the efforts to improve community relations & to achieve a lasting peace. As part of its responsibilities, the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission is required to promote awareness & understanding of human rights through educational activities & the Bill of Rights in Schools Project. Results of a baseline survey of 580 pupils indicate that despite moderate levels of interest in human rights & confidence in engaging with human rights, knowledge of human rights is extremely low in Northern Ireland postprimary schoolchildren. These findings are discussed in relation to the clear need for specific human rights education in divided societies. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

1. 'Savage Wars of Peace': Violence, Colonialism and Empire in the Modern World; Philip Dwyer and Amanda Nettelbeck.- Colonial Violence and 'Ways of Seeing'.- 2. The Psychology of Colonial Violence; Richard N. Price -- 3. Colonial Violence and the Picturesque; Elizabeth Mjelde -- 4. Categories of Conquest and Colonial Control: The French in Tonkin, 1884-1914; James R. Lehning -- Colonial Authority and the Violence of Law.- 5. Martial Law in the British Empire; Lyndall Ryan -- 6. Flogging as Judicial Violence: The Colonial Rationale of Corporal Punishment; Amanda Nettelbeck -- 7. Seeing Like a Policeman: Everyday Violence i n British India, c. 1900-1950; Radha Kumar.- Dynamics of Colonial Warfare.- 8. The Dynamics of British Colonial Violence; Michelle Gordon -- 9. Disciplining Native Masculinities: Colonial Violence in the 'Land of the Pirate and the Amok'; Jialin Christina Wu -- 10. Fascist Violence and the 'Ethnic Reconstruction' of Cyrenaica (Libya), 1922-34; Michael R. Ebner.- Repression and Resistance.- 11. Contesting Colonial Violence in New Caledonia; Adrian Muckle -- 12. From Liberation to Elimination: Violence and Resistance in Japan's Southeast Asia, 1942-1945; Kelly Maddox -- 13. Nothing to Report? Challenging Dutch Discourse on Colonial Counterinsurgency in Indonesia, 1945-1949; Bart Luttikhuis and C.H.C. Harinck.