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Entrepreneurship is seen as a potential career path for overcoming the problem of unemployment. However, this career has yet to get a second or even a last option among graduates in Malaysia. Government has introduced several initiatives to cultivate entrepreneurial spirit among students or graduates such as the first surge of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education) and Entrepreneurship Action Plan 2016-2020. Despite the magnitude of these efforts, little is known whether graduates today are entrepreneurial. Furthermore, based on current achievements, this is quite difficult to implement as the desire of graduates in entrepreneurship is not particularly encouraging, especially graduates in TVET courses. Compared to previous studies on student development that only examines the external element of the student affecting entrepreneurial desires, this study focuses on the internal elements of students holistically to increase student entrepreneurial desires and improve entrepreneurship as one of the preferred careers in Malaysia in meeting the challenges of the first shift of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025; produce more graduate entrepreneurs.

Recently, Involvement of young people in different criminal activities is evidence of increased deviant behaviour in young people in Malaysia. Over the past decade, the figures for deviant behaviours among young people in Malaysia continue to increase every year. Many theories have been presented over the years to investigate the factors that are linked to the juvenile's deviant behaviour. The current study aims to review the existing theories on the Juveniles deviant behaviour to identify the possible caused of the deviant behaviour among juveniles in Malaysia. The results indicated that there are many factors that lead young generation to the deviant behaviour like, lack of parental attention, lack of education, drug abuse and media influence, membership in gangs and urbanization. The results of the current study provided insights of the factors that lead young generation to the criminal activities in Malaysia. It will be helpful for the government for policy making to avoid these factors that lead young people to deviant behaviour in Malaysia.Â

This paper examines whether Malaysia is facing an impending housing bubble by using a graphical analysis, logical deduction and two statistical tests. Our research results are robust and supported by a three prone approach: Logical deduction working on the historical price trend based on most recent research findings on bubble; testing the stability of the price cycle and a statistical test modified and formulated in accordance with the Malaysian context to analyze the price trend in the local property market. We show that housing bubble burst is not imminent as yet in Malaysia which is in agreement with Bank Negara Malaysia Report. However, our findings reveal that Malaysia has been experiencing a continuous and increasingly steeper upward movement of house prices without breaks since mid-2009. Exuberant expectation of investment profit seems to be building up continuously, an indication of a strong likelihood of a housing bubble building up. Our findings call for the attention of the government to this development and to take necessary intervention measures.

The purpose of this article is to further our understanding of contemporary Muslim consumer activism in Malaysia with a particular focus on halal (in Arabic, literally "permissible" or "lawful") products and services. Muslim activists and organisations promote halal on a big scale in the interface zones between new forms of Islamic revivalism, the ethnicised state and Muslim consumer culture. Organisations such as the Muslim Consumers Association of Malaysia play an important role in pushing and protecting halal in Malaysia, that is, halal activists constantly call on the state to tighten halal regulation and they also at times call for boycotting products that are associated with haram (literally, "prohibited") impurity and unwanted foreign influences. I argue that insufficient attention has been paid to the micro-social logics of modern forms of religious consumer activism and networking in particular historical/national settings and that these issues should be explored in the interfaces between Islam, the state and market. More specifically, this article examines the above issues building on ethnography from fieldwork with three Muslim organisations in Malaysia.

Sejak pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia pada 16 September 1963 sehingga Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-14 (PRU-14) pada 2018, ramai yang melihat bahawa kerajaan pusat di bawah pentadbiran Barisan Nasional (BN) cuba menggunakan segala mekanisme yang ada untuk mewujudkan kawalan yang ketat ke atas negeri. Dalam masa yang sama berusaha untuk menumpukan kuasa di Kuala Lumpur/Putrajaya. Oleh itu, artikel ini cuba untuk melihat perkembangan pasca PRU14 di Malaysia dengan menumpukan kepada hubungan negeri Sabah dan Persekutuan. Selain daripada beberapa isu hangat yang mendominasi hubungan persekutuan-negeri sejak beberapa dekad di bawah pentadbiran BN, para penulis menghujahkan bahawa terdapat beberapa isu lain yang perlu diberikan perhatian dalam memastikan kelangsungan pemerintahan negeri di bawah gabungan Parti Warisan Sabah (PWS)-Pakatan Harapan (PH)-UPKO (PWS-PH-UPKO). Dalam hal ini, para penulis berhujah bahawa, berdasarkan kepada pengalaman PRU-14, kelangsungan kerajaan negeri ditentukan oleh dua faktor utama; luaran dan dalaman. Faktor luaran merujuk kepada bagaimana dasar-dasar yang dijalankan oleh kerajaan pusat mempengaruhi persepsi rakyat kepada pentadbiran kerajaan negeri. Manakala faktor dalaman merujuk kepada sejauh mana kerajaan negeri berjaya melaksanakan dasar-dasar yang memberi kesan kepada penduduk negeri Sabah. Oleh itu, artikel ini menghujahkan bahawa cabaran lebih besar menanti dalam hubungan negeri-persekutuan pasca PRU-14 terutamanya dalam memastikan kelangsungan pemerintahan di peringkat negeri dan persekutuan. AbstractSince the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia on September 16, 1963 until the 14th General Election (GE-14) in 2018, many see that the federal government under the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration had used all available mechanisms to control over the state and at the same time was working to concentrate power to Kuala Lumpur/Putrajaya. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the post-GE-14 development in Malaysia with particular attention to the relations between Sabah and the Federal Government. This paper argues that, in addition to the ongoing issues that dominated federal-state relations for several decades since BN's rules in Sabah, there are several other issues that need to be addressed to ensure the survival of the current state government under the Parti Warisan Sabah (PWS)-Pakatan Harapan (PH)-UPKO (PWS-PH-UPKO) coalition. In this regard, the authors argue that, based on GE-14 experience, the survival of the state government was largely determined by two major factors, external and internal. The external factor refers to how the policies implemented by the federal government are impacting on the perception of Sabahan towards the state government. Meanwhile, the internal factor refers to how effective the state government is in implementing policies that cater to the needs of Sabahans. Hence, this paper argues that post-GE-14, greater challenges await the state-federal relations particularly in ensuring the survival of the state and federal governments.

2014 Summer. ; Malaysia has been moving from an agricultural, resource extraction, and manufacturing based economy in the 1980s toward a service-oriented, post-industrial, knowledge-based economy, with greater emphasis on skilled human capital, technology, and intangibles. Assessing Malaysia's current economic and policy regimes are crucial to help chart the next course of actions for Malaysia to set its economic goals. The patent landscape analysis showed Malaysia's economy evolution over the past six decades. Primarily dependent on the chemicals and petroleum sector between 1953 and 1985, the economy, currently is dependent on two sectors, i.e., electronics, semiconductors and computing, and chemicals and petroleum. Generally, the commercial sector dominates the patenting activities in Malaysia, in the economy wide patenting arena and also in the agbiotech and agchemicals technologies. High patenting trends by foreign commercial entities is to avoid imitations to their inventions in the Malaysian market attributable to their high FDI investment and export share. Within the agricultural sector, patents in agbiotech are relatively low and overshadowed by patents in agchemicals. The higher number of agchemicals technologies patented in Malaysia is due to the long history of European MNCs in Malaysia. And, the low number of agbiotech patented in Malaysia, mainly by non-commercial entities is due to two reasons: (1) misalignment of policies promoting the use of modern biotechnology in the Malaysian agricultural sector, and (2) ecological risks of cultivating transgenic crops in Malaysia, a rich-biodiversity country. A political economy framework was utilized in understanding the misalignment of policies promoting the use of modern biotechnology and examining the influence of relevant stakeholder groups on the decision making process concerning regulations overseeing the cultivation of transgenic crops. Two Malaysian Giant conglomerates, Sime Darby Berhad and Felda Holdings Berhad, dominate world palm oil exports and local oil production, and inevitably, have a strong policy influence of the Malaysian agricultural sector. The world's two dominant agchemicals players, Bayer and BASF, also play a major role in the agricultural policy making process in Malaysia. Bayer is one of the leading players that dominate the agchemicals patents in Malaysia. BASF, meanwhile has formed a strategic alliance with the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) and developed a new herbicide resistant Clearfield rice variety to tackle weedy rice outbreak in Malaysia. These two special interest pressure groups, oil palm and agchemicals producers face large welfare impact if Malaysia adopts transgenic crops. With risk of losing their market shares in Malaysia and their relatively small number, these groups have been able to converge and exercise influence over the stalled commercialization process of transgenic crops. The other reason attributable to the low number of granted agbiotech patents in Malaysia pertains to ecological risk concerning deployment of transgenic organisms on Malaysia's rich biodiversity. Scientific assessments carried out on transgenic rice and papaya suggest that transgenic rice and papaya lines can potentially exert positive and/or negative ecological impacts, i.e., non-target organisms, transgene escape, heteroencapsidation, and RNA recombination. However, the studies reviewed in this dissertation call for long-term assessments to determine the longer term impact of transgenic rice and papaya on non-target organisms and transgene escape. In addition to this, majority of ecological studies carried out on non-target organisms have been limited to third trophic interaction. Considering the fact that Malaysia is a mega-diversity country, ecological studies concerning higher trophic level are required to assess the impact transgenic rice and papaya has on these populations and the food-web dynamics. Studies on heteroencapsidation and RNA recombination of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) resistant transgenic papaya is also limited even though PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya has been in the market for over fifteen years. Ultimately, while transgenic rice and papaya do carry ecological risks, the decision to cultivate these crops lies on the benefits brought upon by these crops. World food supplies demand intensive crop production due to increased population growth, climate change, pest and disease challenges, political unrest, deterioration of soil quality, drought and flood. Ultimately, the benefits and challenges in cultivating transgenic crops need to be considered on a case-by-case basis. Cultivating transgenic crops has potential to decrease reliance on external inputs and reduce ecological risk. As such, until we can derive a balance between the two, we must strive to continue to improvise the transgenic technology to suit these two goals. For future research, it is recommended to determine the funding mechanisms of studies reviewed for the ecological assessments of transgenic rice and papaya in order to assess the objectivity of the study findings.

"Notes . which have, for the most part appeared in the Gardener's chronicle for . [1891-93] and the following year . The great botanic and public gardens maintained by governments in various centra were inspected . To the horticultural aspects of these gardens the notes are mainly devoted."-- Pref. ; For private circulation only. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Lost futures however do not mean that they are immaterial or unseeable. In the case of Malaysia and Singapore in fact, these lost futures have, even until now, been the subject of mass suppression as the post-colonial is intent in consolidating its hegemony, writes Armand Azra bin Azlira _______________________________________________ Doing fieldwork research in Malaysia and … Continued