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This study aims to identify where the occurrence of bottlenecks in the science learning process of secondary school inclusive education providers for children with special needs (ABK), through deep study. Informants in this research are teachers who are involved in science learning in schools implementing inclusive education in Padang city. Data were collected by interview, observation and questionnaire method as the main method. Assistive methods in the form of documentation. Qualitative data analysis through 4 paths is data collection, data reduction, data display, draw a conclusion. The result of initial research of 102 schools SMA / MA / SMK in Padang city there are problems of interaction of six components of education process (curriculum, educator, learner, facilities and infrastructure, technology and learning media, assessment system). From 102 schools and there are 4 schools conducting inclusive education with 56 students spread in SMK Negeri 4 as many as 18 people, SMK Negeri 6 as many as 27 people, SMK Negeri 7 as many as 8 people, SMK Negeri 8 as many as 3 people. based on the problem which related to teachers, students, schools, communities, and government experienced problems in the implementation of inclusive education because ABK difficulty varies according to their needs. Science learning for ABK has not done well according to the needs, characteristics, and limits of ability possessed by children with special needs. The guidance model, not yet focused on non-adaptive behavior or deviant behavior before they conduct activities of individual learning activities program.

Political culture helps define the boundaries of permissible political action. Thus, it should affect the amounts & types of political corruption occurring in political systems, as well as responses to corruption when it is discovered. Using US Dept of Justice data for 1976-1978, the distribution of corruption convictions among 85 federal judicial districts is analyzed according to social & political characteristics of the districts, & to scaled measures of Daniel J. Elazar's moralistic, individualistic, & traditionalistic political subcultures (Cities of the Prairie: The Metropolitan Frontier and American Politics, New York: Basic Books, 1970; & American Federalism: A View from the States, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1972). Nationally, strong moralistic subcultures & high voter turnouts are associated with numerous convictions, both before & after district population is controlled. Stepwise regression analysis of regional patterns reveals, however, that in the South corruption must be interpreted according to traditionalistic politics. In general, corruption & the impact of federal laws against it are best understood within their political & cultural settings. 6 Tables, 2 Figures. Modified HA.

Faction in politics is a long-standing objective phenomenon in human political life. Party has made factions public and legal. Clique is only a kind of small group struggling for private interests. Derived from faction, party is different from faction because party has its own clear objective, well-organized structure and discipline. Without getting rid of minor faction, party has to struggle against factionalism after its coming into being. A proletariat party has also to face the temptation of factionalism and keep politics focused on the benefit of the people in general. The nature of Chinese proletariat party decides there is no space for the development of major factionalism. Chinese culture from ancient times demonstrates that every empire was destroyed from within by factions. In order to create cultural harmony in China and prevent regime destruction, strong factions from within must be avoided. Western political culture analysis shows that an environment developed which was favorable to two and multiple parties. Chinese culture never produced such a condition. Adapted from the source document.

Social and political forces precipitating Black on Black violence in a post-apartheid environment.

Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrages steht das Verhältnis von Ungleichheit und (politischer) Bildung1 sowie die Frage, was der Zusammenhang von Ungleichheit und (politischer) Bildung für die Zielebene politischer Bildung bedeutet. Hierfür werden zunächst die Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Studie der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung skizziert, die eine (Re)Produktion von Ungleichheit durch politische Bildung nahelegt und dadurch den erwähnten Zusammenhang sehr deutlich macht. Anschließend erläutert der Artikel mit Bezug auf Pierre Bourdieu, wie Ungleichheit im Hinblick auf das politische Feld wirkt und welche strukturellen Verhältnisse Menschen davon fernhalten, politisch zu agieren. Der Einblick in zwei empirische Fallstudien des Autors aus dem Bereich der politischen Bildung soll die konkreten Auswirkungen von Ungleichheit auf das politische Lernen und Handeln junger Menschen veranschaulichen. Unter Rückgriff auf politisch-theoretische Bestimmungen von Demokratie begründet der Beitrag abschließend mit Blick auf die These aus dem Titel, wieso insbesondere das Schaffen von Gelegenheiten zu politischer Partizipation die Perspektive politischer Bildungsarbeit sein sollte. Politische Partizipation gilt dabei als Ziel politischer Bildung und zugleich als Weg, dieses Ziel zu erreichen. ; This paper focuses on the relationship between inequality and (civic) education and poses the question, what the connection between inequality and (civic) education means for the objectives of civic education. First, the results of a recent study by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung are outlined, which suggest a (re)production of inequality through civic education. With reference to Pierre Bourdieu, the following part conceptualizes how inequality affects the political field and which structural conditions prevent people from acting politically. Two empirical case studies by the author from the field of civic education serve to illustrate the concrete effects of inequality on political learning and action among young people. Based on political-theoretical definitions of democracy, the conclusion substantiates the thesis expressed in the title of this article and explains why civic education should focus on creating opportunities for political participation. In this understanding, political participation is both the goal of civic education and the way to achieve this goal.

"Based upon a report made . at the founding convention of the Communist political association, May 20-23, 1944." ; Mode of access: Internet.

This paper uses original survey data from the 2010 UK General Election to examine two central questions about e-participation: how people engaged with the online campaign; and whether any mobilization effects of e-campaigning activity can be detected in terms of increasing individuals' likelihood of participating after the election. Following our previous work, were-test and confirm a measurement model of e-campaign activities. Through exploratory factor analyses, we identify our three dimensions of e-campaign participation: e-information, e-party and e-expressive. We then show how these activities differentially predict subsequent online political participation: e-donate, e-contact, e-petition and e-discuss. We do this using a panel study design that allows us to impose robust controls on pre-existing levels of political engagement. Our results show that for the most part levels of pre-election engagement in e-donating, e-contacting and e-petitioning explain much of the post-election commitment to do so, and that online campaign involvement does not add significantly to this intention. However we have found that use of the internet during the campaign to obtain information does appear to have a lasting effect on the likelihood of discussing politics, even when prior propensity toward discussion is controlled for. We have further observed a significant negative association between engagement in formal e-campaign activities (e-party) and a later proclivity to take part in a direct democracy initiative online (e-petition). Our findings are in line with a growing conclusion that the internet's role in stimulating participation is likely to be more complex than a simple direct effect andsupport the claim for adopting a more nuanced approach to the analysis of the mobilization effects.

This book confronts one of the central questions of political science: how people choose to accept or not to accept particular governments. In contrast to the prevailing view that citizens' decisions about the legitimacy of their governments are strongly conditioned by political culture and socialization and are hence largely non-rational, Ronald Rogowski argues that such decisions may indeed be the product of rational choice. The book proceeds both from recent work in the theory of voting and constitutional choice and from the older tradition of contract theory to postulate that decisions a

"Doing politics" : recent developments in political discourse analysis / Michael Kranert and Geraldine Horan -- "We have the character of an island nation" : A discourse-historical analysis of David Cameron's "Bloomberg speech" on the European Union / Ruth Wodak -- "Dancing with doxa" : a "rhetorical political analysis" of David Cameron's sense of Britishness / Alan Finlayson -- Charting the semantics of labour relations in House of Commons debates spanning two hundred years : a study of Parliamentary language using corpus linguistic methods and automated semantic tagging / Jane Demmen, Lesley Jeffries and Brian Walker -- Off the record : the transcription of parliamentary debates for political discourse analysis / Sylvia Shaw -- Making "politics" relevant : how constituents and a member of Parliament raise political topics at constituency surgeries / Emily Hofstetter and Elizabeth Stokoe -- A cross-linguistic study of new populist language / Maria Ivana Lorenzetti -- Disciplining the unwilling : normalisation of (demands for) punitive measures against immigrants in Austrian populist discourse / Markus Rheindorf -- Es-tu Charlie? Doing politics on Wikipedia / Susanne Kopf and Elena Nichele -- United we diverge : politician Facebook responses to terror attacks / Anders Horsbøl -- Hybridity and antagonism in broadcast election campaign interviews / Argyro Kantara -- Mediated campaign debate subgenre and their importance for analytic considerations / Karen L. Adams -- Cross-talk in political discourse : strategies for bridging issue movements on Democracy Now! / Amoshaun Toft -- Reading political minds : "backstage" politics in audience reception / Sam Browse -- "All this is a boon to Britain's crumbling democracy" : meta-reporting about the TV debates in the British General Election 2015 / Melani Schroeter -- Red lines and rash decisions : Syria, metaphor and narrative / Federica Ferrari and Ben O'Loughlin

The Department of Basic Education in South Africa is experiencing a shortage of Agricultural Science teachers since their numbers are drastically decreasing. Several schools are failing to recruit appropriately qualified Agricultural Science teachers. This decline seems to be worsening annually. It is not peculiar to the Kwa-Zulu Natal Department of Education Kwa-Zulu Natal province only but seems to be a national phenomenon. This study aims to identify and analyse the causes of the decline of Agricultural Science teachers in the Provincial Department of Education. A qualitative method of research was employed. Data was collected by interviewing respondents on either cell phones or telephones. The findings revealed severe shortages of Agricultural Science teachers in Kwa-Zulu Natal schools. However, it is not peculiar to the Kwa-Zulu Natal Department of Education only, but it seems a national phenomenon. The study recommended, among other things, a clear line of the communication channel between the national Department of Basic Education, Kwa-Zulu Natal Department of Education and the Department of Higher Education and Training to facilitate at local, provincial and national levels, a comprehensive recruitment and training plan for the Department of Basic Education. The study also recommended the introduction of a Bachelor of Education degree with a specialisation in Agricultural Science in some universities, especially in rural areas.