Suchergebnisse

This article attempts to re‐consider the debate that has recently developed around the so‐called New Regionalism with reference to the studies regarding the emergence of a 'new' competitive Mezzogiorno of Italy. The first two sections of the article are devoted to a critical analysis of the literature on the New Mezzogiorno. It is argued that this literature has, on the one hand, fruitfully called attention to the emerging experiences of regional development in the South of Italy; yet, on the other hand, in throwing positive light on local economic development in the South of Italy, it has underestimated the more troublesome phenomena that these experiences reveal, especially from the point of view of capital‐labour relations. The third section of the article is devoted to showing how the limits and contradictions of the new regionalist approach to local development are reflected in the new course of regional policy that has been embraced in Italy in recent years. Finally, in the concluding section, the article argues for a shift towards a critical approach to research on the Italian southern regions and local productive systems.L'article propose une relecture du débat qui s'est récemment développé autour du Nouveau Régionalisme,è partir des travaux concernant l'émergence d'un 'nouveau' Mezzogiorno compétitif en Italie. Les deux premières sections de l'article proposent une analyse critique de la littérature sur le Nouveau Mezzogiorno. D'un côté, celle‐ci a permis, de façon fructueuse, d'attirer l'attention sur l'émergence d'expériences de développement régional dans le Sud italien. De l'autre, en jetant une lumière positive sur le développement économique local dans le Sud de l'Italie, cette littérature a sous‐estimé les aspects les plus problématiques que ces expériences révèlent, en particulier du point de vue des relations entre capital et travail. La troisième partie montre combien le nouveau cours pris par les politiques régionales en Italie reflète les limites et les contradictions de l'approche néo‐régionaliste du développement local. En conclusion, l'article se penche sur la nécessité de développer une approche critique à la recherche sur les régions et les systèmes productifs locaux en Italie du Sud.

A metamorphosis of Europe is undoubtedly taking place. In fact, Europe is at the same time the object and subject of transformative movements that will shake its foundations. Within the current European metamorphosis, what is the challenge to be accepted or launched by psychology? This challenge corresponds to a series of anthropological-cultural contradictions present in the system: Is European psychology functional to the scientific-technological apparatus or to the human beings involved and the interrelations thereof? Will the values of psychology strive toward achieving human well-being? Is and will the contribution of psychology to the constitution of a new Europe be of an objectivist or of a subjectivist nature? Will the contribution of psychology be characterized by an individualistic approach or by a group-centered one? One "fundamental" of Europe does exist, which centers around three institutional foundations of the European cultural strata that have bccome interconnected in time and space: Greek thought, the Renaissance mind, and the three Christian religions (Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant). The contribution of psychology could be focused mainly on taking care of needs (maternal code) or on supporting development (paternal code). Psychology should choose between a positivistic or a holistic approach or, still better, integrate both of them. Psychology should stress its attention to its manifold roots and not only be subdued to the Anglo-Saxon culture. A complementary and nonconflictual approach will be the best strategy. Where and how do psychologists stand today in the important distinction between the "academic culture" and the "militant culture," which means pure and applied research? Are they scientists or technicians? Are they explorers of knowledge or of applications? Are they intellectuals or executives? Scholars or professionals? Dedicated to pure or to empiric research? Episteme or Doxa priests? And can the challenge of the European metamorphosis be productively inserted into the solution of the predicaments? The European psychological culture should answer the challenge of metamorphosis of the continent by trying to find an enlightened solution to the above-mentioned contradictions.

<p>Cet article se basesur 8 mois de travailsur le terrain effectué en 1978.<br />dans un village montagnard d'Evritanie en Grèce Centrale.<br />Les changements sociaux, dans la définition la plus large du terme, se<br />produisent sur plusieurs niveaux de l'organisation sociale: économe<br />que, politique, social, etc... Ces niveaux sont étroitement liés entre eux </p><p>dans l'univers social, quoique les changements qui les affectent soient <br />souvent inégaux, c'est-à-dire qu'ils se produisent à des rythmes<br />différents et pour les raisons variées. Ln conséquence, ces<br />changements peuvent entraîner certaines contradictions (par exemple <br />l'absence de changement) dans une composante quelconque du<br />champ social ou dans lefonctionnement de la société en question. C es<br />changements peuvent également faire apparaître certaines inégalités <br />entre diverses parties de la société, par exemple entre régions rurales<br />et urbaines.<br />L'article décrit les manifestations et les raisons de l'inégalité du <br />changement dans une communauté donnée de la Grèce rurale. Le<br />village, dans la société globale grecque, est souvent «défavorisé», <br />pour la bonne raison que les changements qui s'y produisent, dépen <br />dent, en grande partie, de processus qui dépassent ses frontières. Ceci<br />se manifeste dans certaines contradictions qui naissent au sein même<br />du village, par exemple dans la façon dont se combinent le<br />«moderne» et le «traditionnel». On peut comprendre le village si on<br />le considère comme le lieu où s'exercent des forces qui lui sont ex<br />térieures et à la lumière d'évènements qui sont propres à la société<br />globale. C'est dans cette perspective que l'on peut savoir pourquoi <br />une communauté particulière existe sous sa forme actuelle</p>

SummaryINDUSTRIALIZATION WITHOUT DEVELOPMENT: A COMMENT ON AN ITALIAN CASE STUDYThe changes in economic and social structure of Southern Italy have determined a situation very different from the image made famous by the studies carried out in the fifties. A problem that deserves attention is the lag between economic growth and social development. This issue has been faced in a research publication by Hytten and Marchioni through an intensive study of an Italian town invested by a process of industrialization. The authors discard the socio‐cultural interpretation of underdevelopment and attribute it to the colonialist attitude that has characterized industrial intervention in Southern Italy.This character of industrialization has implied a class alliance between the advanced industrial capitalist forces and the local reactionary bourgeoisie, whose patterns, particularly patronage have been exploited by the industry settled in the town. A contradiction, particularly in the conclusions, is that the authors propose reformist solutions which do not question the logic of the system, though they have found the causes of underdevelopment in the class structure of the system.RésuméINDUSTRIALISATION SANS DEVELOPPEMENT: A PROPOS DE L'ETUDE d'un CAS ITALIENLes changements de la structure économique et sociale de l'Italie du Sud ont déterminé une situation très diverse de l'image rendue fameuse par les études des années y o. Un problème qui devrait attirer l'attention est la disparité entre la croissance économique et le développement social. Ce thème a été affronté dans la recherche récente de Hytten et Marchioni, à travers l'étude intensive d'une petite ville investie d'industrialisation. Les auteurs écartent l'interprétation socioculturelle du sous‐développement et attribuent l'absence de développement social à l'attitude colonialiste qui a caractérisé l'industrialisation du midi italien.Ce caractère de l'industrialisation a impliqué une alliance de classe entre les forces capitalistes industrielles avancées et la bourgeoisie réactionnaire locale dont les modèles, surtout le clientélisme, ont été exploités par la grande industrie insérté dans la ville. Une contradiction surtout dans les conclusions est que les auteurs, ayant individualisés les causes du sous‐développement dans la structure de dasse du système, proposent des solutions réformistes qui ne contestent pas la logique du système.

This dissertation examines professionalism among police chiefs. The influence of police chiefs in guiding their agency has been widely cited. By looking at the measurement, causes, and consequences of professionalism among chiefs, we seek a deeper understanding of the sources of chiefs' motivations, what this means for the police agency he serves, and implications for the police professions movement. ; Our contention is that important contradictions exist within the police professions movement, contradictions which develop from the failure to link structural and attitudinal aspects of the police professions movement. Reformers have sought to professionalize the police organization through the implementation of structural changes, and at the same time professionalize agency personnel by fostering a commitment to the ideology of professionalism. Unfortunately, a synthesis of these two aspects of professionalism has not occurred. By accenting the former, the police have fostered an organizational style that is insular, and promoted bureaucratization of the police agency in the name of professionalism. These changes have resulted in an inability of the police to adapt to a changing political and economic climate, and has ultimately rendered the professions movement ineffective. ; In the present research, we have found that the influence of professionalization of chiefs' professionalism is typically modest, and at times in the opposite direction than expected: professionalization does not appear to advance a chief's professionalism. Further, more professional chiefs are as likely to reject criteria of professionalization as they are to support it. ; Only through a re-ordering of priorities can the police professions movement regain its momentum as an ideological force among the police. At the individual level, a commitment to the "service" component of the professional model must become the central feature of the philosophy of professionalism. At the structural level, employment criteria must be introduced which encourage hiring from within the precinct, together with increased participation of the police in their communities. ; Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 48-07, Section: A, page: 1891. ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 1987.

The new elements in the moral, intellectual, & religious atmosphere which came to pervade the US during the decade of the 1960's are explored. It is seen that these elements explain why the US found itself in revolutionary circumstances at that particular time. The most widely publicized aspect of the decade's religious history was the emergence of a radical movement in theology & ethics. The over-all ecclesiastical situation has also been profoundly altered, for Protestants, Catholics, & Jews alike. Many ancient modes of thinking were being altered in the 1960's. The changes seem to involve a deep shift in the presuppositional substructures of the Amer mind. They can be designated as metaphysical, moral, & soc: (1) a growing attachment to naturalism or 'secularism' that makes people suspicious of anything supernatural; (2) a creeping (or galloping) awareness of vast contradictions in US life between profession & performance, the ideal & the actual; & (3) increasing doubt re the capacity of present-day ecclesiastical, pol'al, soc, & educ'al instit's to rectify these contradictions. The reasons for these new positions are traced to the impact of sci, relativism & technology which began to be felt already in the 19th cent, & to the state of 'puritanical legalism' in the US which tended to be oblivious to the intellectual revolutions of the modern world. 5 catalysts propelled these changes: (i) The long-developing problems of unregulated Ur growth began to create environmental problems with which US pol'al & fiscal practices could not cope. (ii) Technological developments in agriculture & industry produced migrations of people that led the nat'l electorate to repudiate many of those arrangements that had long maintained the Protestant establishment & the WASP ascendancy in US life. (iii) Rapid technological & sci'fic advancements contributed another vital dimension to the nat'l mood. Their impact was enormously increased by sensational accomplishments that aroused the popular imagination (eg, the manned trip to the moon). (iv) The Cuban missile crisis, continued nuclear testing, attempts to achieve internat'l control of nuclear armaments seemed to underline the tentativity of mankind's earthly existence. (v) The drastic escalation of the war in Vietnam prevented an effective coping with the nation's problems of poverty & Ur dislocation. Modified HA.

It is widely acknowledged today that the industrial placement is essential to academic study, even at university. However, few works have focused on the way in which the placement contributes to professional experience, the development and training of the students. The thesis undertaken at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines in Saint-Etienne (Graduate School of engineering) investigates to what extent the industrial placement could be a factor in the development of engineering students. Based on a socio-constructivist perspective and on the activity theory developed by Vygotsky's approach, the thesis looks at the way in which the linguistic instruments structure the industrial placement itself, allowing a degree of reflexiveness and bringing to light contradictions in the activity systems between the company and the School as well as within the School itself.The theoretical approach allows us to establish the following hypotheses:-The industrial placement is integrated into a method of training that is set up in line with the rules of the community consisting of the authorities who validate the training. This methodology is embedded in the history of the profession. -The industrial placement is a way of socialising using the instruments because it allows the student to join a shared environment and to accept a set of rules around building a professional identity towards the engineering profession. The industrial placement gives the student a mechanism for conversation which allows him to modify and reconstruct the subjective reality, giving him a new professional identity. The written report and the viva voice are opportunities for the student to discuss the learning from the placement.-When the student presents his experience within the company, he is situated at the intersection of several activity systems: his own, that of the company at which he worked and that of the teacher who is going to validate this experience for his training, the engineering curriculum. We therefore characterise how the method proposed by the curriculum allows a level of reflexiveness and increased visibility of the contradictions experienced and how they can be overcome. We then look at to what extent these reflexions are contained within the written report and the viva voice.From an analysis of the history of engineering studies, we aim to understand the educational logic and the evolution of the industrial placement. An analysis of prescribed training courses is undertaken through the documents from the Engineering school. Questionnaires and interviews allow information about the placement to be recorded by the director of studies and of the students of the class of 2006 have on the placement. Then two case studies are undertaken based on the analysis of two students' written reports and viva voices as well as interviews with their teachers.The data analysis showed that in order to work, a placement must be located in a variety of activity systems. The academic system which prescribes the placement is taken from the logic dependent on that of the authorities prescriptive to the engineering profession: companies and how they evolve, the politics of education, the CTI, the CEFI … On another scale, in the engineering curriculum that was observed, the activity systems questioned for this training course are those of the School, the company, the student, education and research. Finally, for the two students, we pointed out the convergences and the contradictions which exist between the activity system of a student, that of his teacher, that of the company, and that of the research. ; Il est couramment admis aujourd'hui que le stage en entreprise est essentiel à la formation, fut-elle universitaire. Peu de travaux pourtant se sont intéressés à la manière dont le stage contribue à la professionnalisation et au développement et à la formation des élèves et étudiants. La thèse réalisée dans le cadre de l'Ecole des Mines de St Etienne cherche à explorer en quoi le stage en entreprise pour des élèves en formation d'ingénieurs pouvait être facteur de développement Appuyé sur une perspective socio-constructiviste, et sur la théorie de l'activité issue des approches vygotskienne la thèse s'intéresse à la manière dont les instruments langagiers structurent la pratique du stage, permettent la réflexivité et la mise en visibilité des contradictions des systèmes d'activité entre l'entreprise et l'Ecole et à l'intérieur même de l'Ecole.L'approche théorique permet de définir les hypothèses suivantes :-Le stage est intégré à un dispositif de formation, organisé en lien avec les règles de la communauté constituée par les instances qui valident la formation. Ce dispositif s'imprègne de l'histoire du métier dans laquelle il s'inscrit. -Le stage est un élément de socialisation par les instruments parce qu'il permet à l'élève de s'inscrire dans un genre partagé, avec une acceptation de règles du jeu autour de la construction de son identité professionnelle, vers le métier d'ingénieur. Le dispositif de formation propose à l'élève un appareil de conversation qui lui permet de modifier et de reconstruire la réalité subjective et lui fournit une nouvelle identité professionnelle. Le rapport et la soutenance sont des instances proposées à l'élève pour discuter du genre découvert pendant le stage.-L'élève, lorsqu'il restitue son expérience en entreprise, se situe à l'intersection de plusieurs systèmes d'activité : le sien, celui de l'entreprise qui l'a accueilli en stage et celui du tuteur enseignant qui va valider cette expérience pour sa formation. Nous caractérisons donc en quoi le dispositif proposé par la formation permet la réflexivité avec la mise en visibilité des contradictions vécues et éventuellement leur dépassement. Nous regardons ensuite comment le rapport et la soutenance portent les traces de cette réflexion.A partir d'une analyse de l'historique des formations des ingénieurs nous cherchons à comprendre les logiques de formation et l'évolution de la place laissée aux stages. Une analyse du prescrit des stages est réalisé à travers les documents de l'Ecole d'ingénieurs. Questionnaires et entretiens permettent de saisir les représentations du stage par le Directeur et une promotion d'élèves. Puis deux études de cas appuyées sur l'étude des rapports et des soutenances de deux élèves et d'entretiens avec leurs tuteurs sont réalisées. L'analyse des données recueillies a montré que le stage en entreprise, pour fonctionner, se situe dans différents systèmes d'activité. Le système de formation qui prescrit le stage est pris dans des logiques dépendantes de celles des instances prescriptives du métier d'ingénieurs : les entreprises et leurs évolutions, les politiques d'enseignement, la CTI, le CEFI… A une autre échelle, dans la formation d'ingénieurs observée, les systèmes d'activité interpellés pour ce stage sont notamment ceux de l'Ecole, de l'entreprise, de l'élève, de l'enseignement, de la recherche. Enfin à l'échelle de deux élèves, nous avons pointé les convergences et les contradictions qui existent entre le système d'activité d'un élève, celui de son tuteur-enseignant, celui de l'entreprise, et celui de la recherche.

It is widely acknowledged today that the industrial placement is essential to academic study, even at university. However, few works have focused on the way in which the placement contributes to professional experience, the development and training of the students. The thesis undertaken at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines in Saint-Etienne (Graduate School of engineering) investigates to what extent the industrial placement could be a factor in the development of engineering students. Based on a socio-constructivist perspective and on the activity theory developed by Vygotsky's approach, the thesis looks at the way in which the linguistic instruments structure the industrial placement itself, allowing a degree of reflexiveness and bringing to light contradictions in the activity systems between the company and the School as well as within the School itself.The theoretical approach allows us to establish the following hypotheses:-The industrial placement is integrated into a method of training that is set up in line with the rules of the community consisting of the authorities who validate the training. This methodology is embedded in the history of the profession. -The industrial placement is a way of socialising using the instruments because it allows the student to join a shared environment and to accept a set of rules around building a professional identity towards the engineering profession. The industrial placement gives the student a mechanism for conversation which allows him to modify and reconstruct the subjective reality, giving him a new professional identity. The written report and the viva voice are opportunities for the student to discuss the learning from the placement.-When the student presents his experience within the company, he is situated at the intersection of several activity systems: his own, that of the company at which he worked and that of the teacher who is going to validate this experience for his training, the engineering curriculum. We therefore characterise how the method proposed by the curriculum allows a level of reflexiveness and increased visibility of the contradictions experienced and how they can be overcome. We then look at to what extent these reflexions are contained within the written report and the viva voice.From an analysis of the history of engineering studies, we aim to understand the educational logic and the evolution of the industrial placement. An analysis of prescribed training courses is undertaken through the documents from the Engineering school. Questionnaires and interviews allow information about the placement to be recorded by the director of studies and of the students of the class of 2006 have on the placement. Then two case studies are undertaken based on the analysis of two students' written reports and viva voices as well as interviews with their teachers.The data analysis showed that in order to work, a placement must be located in a variety of activity systems. The academic system which prescribes the placement is taken from the logic dependent on that of the authorities prescriptive to the engineering profession: companies and how they evolve, the politics of education, the CTI, the CEFI … On another scale, in the engineering curriculum that was observed, the activity systems questioned for this training course are those of the School, the company, the student, education and research. Finally, for the two students, we pointed out the convergences and the contradictions which exist between the activity system of a student, that of his teacher, that of the company, and that of the research. ; Il est couramment admis aujourd'hui que le stage en entreprise est essentiel à la formation, fut-elle universitaire. Peu de travaux pourtant se sont intéressés à la manière dont le stage contribue à la professionnalisation et au développement et à la formation des élèves et étudiants. La thèse réalisée dans le cadre de l'Ecole des Mines de St Etienne cherche à explorer en quoi le stage en entreprise pour des élèves en formation d'ingénieurs pouvait être facteur de développement Appuyé sur une perspective socio-constructiviste, et sur la théorie de l'activité issue des approches vygotskienne la thèse s'intéresse à la manière dont les instruments langagiers structurent la pratique du stage, permettent la réflexivité et la mise en visibilité des contradictions des systèmes d'activité entre l'entreprise et l'Ecole et à l'intérieur même de l'Ecole.L'approche théorique permet de définir les hypothèses suivantes :-Le stage est intégré à un dispositif de formation, organisé en lien avec les règles de la communauté constituée par les instances qui valident la formation. Ce dispositif s'imprègne de l'histoire du métier dans laquelle il s'inscrit. -Le stage est un élément de socialisation par les instruments parce qu'il permet à l'élève de s'inscrire dans un genre partagé, avec une acceptation de règles du jeu autour de la construction de son identité professionnelle, vers le métier d'ingénieur. Le dispositif de formation propose à l'élève un appareil de conversation qui lui permet de modifier et de reconstruire la réalité subjective et lui fournit une nouvelle identité professionnelle. Le rapport et la soutenance sont des instances proposées à l'élève pour discuter du genre découvert pendant le stage.-L'élève, lorsqu'il restitue son expérience en entreprise, se situe à l'intersection de plusieurs systèmes d'activité : le sien, celui de l'entreprise qui l'a accueilli en stage et celui du tuteur enseignant qui va valider cette expérience pour sa formation. Nous caractérisons donc en quoi le dispositif proposé par la formation permet la réflexivité avec la mise en visibilité des contradictions vécues et éventuellement leur dépassement. Nous regardons ensuite comment le rapport et la soutenance portent les traces de cette réflexion.A partir d'une analyse de l'historique des formations des ingénieurs nous cherchons à comprendre les logiques de formation et l'évolution de la place laissée aux stages. Une analyse du prescrit des stages est réalisé à travers les documents de l'Ecole d'ingénieurs. Questionnaires et entretiens permettent de saisir les représentations du stage par le Directeur et une promotion d'élèves. Puis deux études de cas appuyées sur l'étude des rapports et des soutenances de deux élèves et d'entretiens avec leurs tuteurs sont réalisées. L'analyse des données recueillies a montré que le stage en entreprise, pour fonctionner, se situe dans différents systèmes d'activité. Le système de formation qui prescrit le stage est pris dans des logiques dépendantes de celles des instances prescriptives du métier d'ingénieurs : les entreprises et leurs évolutions, les politiques d'enseignement, la CTI, le CEFI… A une autre échelle, dans la formation d'ingénieurs observée, les systèmes d'activité interpellés pour ce stage sont notamment ceux de l'Ecole, de l'entreprise, de l'élève, de l'enseignement, de la recherche. Enfin à l'échelle de deux élèves, nous avons pointé les convergences et les contradictions qui existent entre le système d'activité d'un élève, celui de son tuteur-enseignant, celui de l'entreprise, et celui de la recherche.

Introduction. Due to the ever-increasing pressure of the international trade community on the need to further reduce the interference of state controlling bodies in the activities of foreign economic operators, the customs administrations of the leading countries of the world are developing and implementing tools for the simultaneous provision of economic security in the field of foreign trade and the simplification of foreign trade procedures. One of the priority tasks for the domestic system of customs regulation in such conditions is the formation of a system for ensuring economic security in the field of foreign economic activity, which would ensure a balance between the facilitation of foreign trade conditions and the measures taken by the state control bodies in matters of protecting Ukraine's economic security.Purpose. The purpose of the study is theoretical substantiation and development of scientific and methodological principles of the concept of ensuring economic security in the field of foreign economic activity on the basis of balancing the economic interests of society, economic operators and the state.Results. In today's context, the concept of ensuring economic security in the field of foreign economic activity is based on the balance of economic interests of all interested parties (participants of foreign economic activity). In this regard, the authors of the study proposed the author's definition of the category «economic security of the state in the field of foreign economic activity». In the domestic scientific and practical circles, there is a widespread perception of the existence of significant contradictions and conflicts in the process of simultaneously achieving these elements of the security balance. In particular, a significant part of domestic and foreign scholars note that the implementation of measures to simplify foreign trade procedures will weaken control over it and vice versa: increased control leads to complication of procedures for economic operators. In our opinion, this approach is too simplistic, since it assumes that only a relaxation of control can be the only way to simplify the process. Such a position in the current conditions of the implementation of the state customs case is erroneous, since the concepts of trade facilitation and control are two separate variables.Originality. The authors formulated the definition of "economic security of the state in the field of foreign economic activity", which should be understood as the state of the system of economic relations between society, economic operators and the state in the field of foreign economic activity, which ensures the possibility of full realization and protection of vital economic interests from external and internal threats through Elimination of preconditions and overcoming of existing contradictions, achievement of balance of interests of all interested parties.Conclusion. the main objective of ensuring the economic security of the state in the field of foreign economic activity is elimination of contradictions between the economic interests of society, economic operators and the state in the sphere of foreign economic activity, creation of favorable conditions for equivalent, equal realization of vital economic interests of all subjects of economic relations in conditions of further harmonization of domestic customs Rules to international standards. In subsequent scientific studies it is planned to consider the components of the system of ensuring economic security, and also a mechanism for balancing economic interests.

This open access book offers a critical analysis of the history of the International Bureau of Education (IBE) from its founding in 1925 to its integration into UNESCO in January 1969. Based on the conceptual and methodological tools of the transnational turn and on archives, fully exploited for the first time by the research team, this book enriches knowledge of the phenomena of globalization. It does so in a field, education, which is currently one of those most invested in globalization, but whose sociogenesis in the era of its first period of institutionalization remains to be explored more profoundly. The authors do this by analyzing how the actors of the IBE tried to realize their aspiration towards universal aims in education, the contradictions they were confronted with, the causes they invested in, their operating mode and the governments and international organizations with which they cooperated.

"This book proposes that Ballard's novels extrapolate the formation of a posthuman subjectivity that is centered around an affirmative understanding of what a human body can do. This new subjectivity transforms constraints and prescribed desires into creative openings in a hyper-mediated control society that conditions docile bodies through technology and consumerism. Set in surrealist predicaments in postwar affluent Western societies, Ballard's novels reminds us of the fragile veneer of order in the familiar every day. In these moments of crisis, complacent characters are compelled to undergo a process of defamiliarisation and transformation of their understanding of the self and the body. The ability to form new relationships with the unfamiliar is imperative to survival in a hostile environment. Ballard delineates both the possibilities and obstacles of forming these relationships. In particular, the author attributes the failure to do so to the irreconcilable contradictions of late capitalism"--

Given today's challenges, companies are confronted with pressing questions: Are marketing and sustainability a contradiction? How can digitalization support marketers beyond digital advertising? These questions must be addressed in an international context since, for most companies, international business is more a reality than just a strategic option as it was just a few decades ago. This book provides insights into the fundamentals of international marketing with a focus on these topics because they are commonplace in today's international marketing. It presents theories and concepts of international marketing in a concise form along with many real-world examples. The book explores how digitalization makes potential connections and advances available to marketing and how marketing can contribute to shaping a more sustainable future. It is a must read for students interested in the topic and managers who are confronted with these challenges. Supplementary materials for the book are available!

Intro -- Contents -- Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Georg Lukács and Critical Theory: The Long Goodbye -- Part I Georg Lukács -- Chapter 2 Matthew, Mark, Lukács, and Bloch: From Aesthetic Utopianism to Religious Messianism -- Chapter 3 Lukács's Theatres of History: Drama, Action, and Historical Agency -- Chapter 4 The Non-Contemporaneity of Lukács and Lukács: Cold War Contradictions and the Aesthetics of Visual Art -- Part II Theodor W. Adorno -- Chapter 5 Adorno and/or Avant-Garde: Looking Back at Surrealism -- Chapter 6 Avant-Garde and Kitsch, or, Teddy the Musical! -- Chapter 7 Remediating Opera: Media and Musical Drama in Adorno and Kluge -- Part III Critical Theory -- Chapter 8 Perversion and Utopia: Sade, Fourier, and Critical Theory -- Chapter 9 Interdisciplinary Legacies: Critical Theory and Authoritarian Culture -- Chapter 10 Prophecies of Mass Deception: Dewey, Trotsky, and the Moscow Show Trials -- Chapter 11 Tell-Trials, or, Gyuri the Radio Play -- Index.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Friedrich Engels at 200 Revisiting his maiden paper "Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy" (1844) -- Chapter 3: The Internal Contradiction of Land Rent and Young Engels' Critical Theory of Private Ownership -- Chapter 4: Engels, Werner Sombart, and the significance of Marx's economics -- Chapter 5: Friedrich Engels and positivism – an attempt at classification -- Chapter 6: Engels' Conceptions of Dialectics, Nature and Dialectics of Nature -- Chapter 7: Friedrich Engels and the revolution -- Chapter 8: Remarks on the embarrassed publishing history of Engels, Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England -- Chapter 9: "Economic facts are stronger than politics": Friedrich Engels, American Industrialization, and Class Consciousness -- Chapter 10: Engels' strategic advice to the representatives of the Italian labour movement -- Chapter 11: Friedrich Engels and Electricity -- Chapter 12: Two sides of young Friedrich Engels: private letters and professional studies.

What determines which identity cleavage, ethnicity or religion, is mobilized in political contestation, be it peaceful or violent? In contrast to common predictions that the greatest contention occurs where identities are fully segmented, most identity conflicts in the world are between ethnic groups that share religion. Alternatives in Mobilization builds on the literature about political demography to address this seeming contradiction. The book proposes that variation in relative group size and intersection of cleavages help explain conundrums in the mobilization of identity, across transgressive and contained political settings. This theory is tested cross-nationally on identity mobilization in civil war and across violent conflict in Pakistan, Uganda, Nepal and Turkey, and peaceful electoral politics in Indonesia. This book helps illustrate a more accurate and improved picture of the ethnic and religious tapestry of the world and addresses an increasing need for a better understanding of how religion contributes to conflict.