Suchergebnisse

Across the African continent, women's rights have become integral to international declarations, regional treaties, national legislation, and grassroots activism. Yet there is little research on how African men have understood these shifts, and how African masculinities are implicated in such changes. Drawing on a year of ethnographic research in the Ugandan capital Kampala, this article investigates how ordinary men and women in Uganda understand women's rights, and how their attitudes are tied to local conceptions of masculinity. I argue that a new configuration of gender relations is evident in urban Uganda—one that accommodates some aspects of women's rights while retaining previous notions of innate male authority. This article, therefore, illustrates the complex and often contradictory engagements with human rights that occur in local contexts, and how such engagements are shaped by gender relations, including conceptions of masculinity.

International audience ; La grande hydraulique au Maroc doit faire face aujourd'hui à de nombreux défis liés aux changements politiques et institutionnels. Si l'action collective peut constituer une nouvelle voie pour les exploitations familiales pour intégrer ces changements en particulier dans un contexte de désengagement de l'Etat, celle-ci semble, selon plusieurs acteurs, absente dans le périmètre du Gharb comparativement aux autres périmètres. Cet article propose d'aller au-delà d'un discours " d'apathie " en mettant en œuvre une méthodologie de repérage et de qualification de l'action collective dans un contexte difficile. Nous avons pu montrer que de nombreuses formes d'action collective se font au quotidien, et que l'étude des attitudes des gens, de leur perception de la performance de l'action collective est nécessaire pour la compréhension de la question de l'action collective dans un tel contexte.

Статья посвящена обзору существующих точек зрения на чрезвычайно важную проблему: возможность расценивать молчание или дачу ложных показаний со стороны обвиняемого как доказательство его вины. Несмотря на то, что в следственной и судебной практике получение таких «доказательств» зачастую встречает понимание, в российском законодательстве, как и в большинстве международных правовых актах, закон освобождает обвиняемого от уголовной ответственности как за отказ от дачи показаний, так и за ложные показания. ; The article is devoted to the review of contemporary aspects, estimating the silence and the fraudulent intent made by the accused person as the argument of his fault. Despite the investigatory and judicial practice may find such an accused person guilty, Russian legislation and most of international laws release any accused person from criminal responsibility for refusal to testify or for giving false answers.

This paper outlines the origins and institutionalization process of French political science since 1945. It sketches the present state of the discipline, and it analyses recent trends that appear almost as a form of 'de-institutionalization'. Overall, the discipline is quite well entrenched and is independent in terms of recruitment with its own teaching and research branches. However, political scientists suffer from a relative lack of visibility in the public space in comparison with their colleagues from more prominent disciplines. In many fields French political science remains invisible at the international level, though this may change considerably in the years to come. The main element of uncertainty comes from the ongoing reforms, the redefinition of the partnership between universities, the Instituts d'Etudes Politiques and the CNRS, and the way the autonomy of universities will be implemented.

Les trois semaines d'émeutes urbaines d'octobre et novembre 2005 furent un épisode de violence collective exceptionnel même en France où la tradition protestataire est vive. Leur ampleur, leur concentration dans le temps, leur caractère spectaculaire ont attiré l'attention de la presse internationale. On s'est intéressé aux dimensions sociales et structurelles de ces émeutes, en commençant par souligner les effets des différences entre les villes sur le plan démographique, sur celui de la situation de l'emploi et du logement, s'agissant de la ségrégation spatiale et des discriminations. Prenant pour ensemble de référence les communes de plus de 65 000 habitants hors Ile de France et les communes de plus de 25 000 habitants en Ile de France, soit environ 210 villes, l'article précise les déterminants sociaux de l'émergence des émeutes dans certaines de ces communes et pas dans les autres.

JEL Codes: K21, L42, L43 ; International audience ; During the last decades the face of retailing has changed as a result of an ongoing concentration process and the emergence of increasingly large-scale retail outlets. Retailers constitute, therefore, "strategic gatekeepers" to final consumer markets providing them with buyer power vis-à-vis their suppliers. By preventing market entry, existing retail regulations have further strengthened the dominant position of retailers. In order to overcome the potential abuse of buyer power and thus to circumvent the induced inefficiencies, competition among retailers has to be encouraged. This gains in importance since the retail sector is also characterized by a strong internationalization process affecting both the worldwide spread of retail companies as well as their procurement strategies. In this regard, downstream competition is the only way to compensate the missing global legislation and jurisdiction.

On 27 January 1964, France and the People's Republic of China (PRC) officially established diplomatic relations. This was the first time since 1950 that a major power had recognized the PRC. The French initiative caused an international uproar and generated extensive debate about the motivations of French President General Charles de Gaulle. This article uses new archival materials to look closely at de Gaulle's decision and to show how the new links with Communist China fit into France's larger strategy in the Cold War. Although domestic political considerations helped to spur de Gaulle's action, the new documentary evidence makes clear that de Gaulle also was determined to establish France as a major actor on the world scene that could forge a middle path between the United States and the Soviet Union. Adapted from the source document.

The question of overseas deployment of the Self Defence Force (SDF) continues to be one of the most controversial issues in Japan's foreign policy. This becomes particularly obvious with respect to participation in UN peacekeeping operations. Japan is caught between, on the one hand, the aspiration to contribute to international peace and security and, on the other, the need to adhere to the constitution, which renounces the use of force as an instrument of foreign policy. This has led to strict legal limitations concerning Japan's participation in peacekeeping missions, resulting in significant practical problems in the field. Despite revisions of the legal framework, Japan's contribution to peacekeeping activities remains severely limited, particularly with respect to so-called robust peacekeeping. Instead of gradually broadening the SDF's activities, however, Tokyo would be better advised to strengthen its civilian contribution to peace operations. (Japan Aktuell/GIGA)

International audience ; La requalification des centres anciens est aujourd'hui un processus courant dans toutes les villes de France, notamment par soucis de marketing territorial. La patrimonialisation passe par plusieurs étapes, dont la reconnaissance d'un patrimoine et sa préservation par le biais d'instruments d'action publique. A Orléans, c'est dans les années 2000 que les acteurs locaux vont réellement prendre en considération le patrimoine architectural et urbain pour ce qu'il est, et non par rapport à de nombreux monuments historiques (système de gestion général et étatique).Pourquoi cette prise en compte tardive et pourquoi choisir la mise en place d'une zone de protection du patrimoine architectural, urbain et paysager (ZPPAUP), un des outils de protection du patrimoine ? Comment cette politique patrimoniale s'insère dans le projet urbain orléanais et de quelle manière va-t-elle changer le système d'acteurs en place ?