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A letter from Robert E. Lee to General J.M. St. John containing his autograph for the gratification of those who befriended their prisoners. Written near Cartersville, Virginia; dated July 22nd, 1865. ; https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1259/thumbnail.jpg

Cooking (traditional and industrial-type roasting) and storage (bottling) can affect fresh Capia red peppers' (CRP) total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA). The present work aimed to determine the effect of cooking methods and storage on phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the change in antioxidant activity of samples. The changes in phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of (1) fresh mature CRP pericarp of fruit, (2a) industrial fire roasted-bottled CRP pericarp at 700°C at 30 s, (2b) after 12-week storage at 4°C, (3a) traditional roasted-bottled CRP pericarp at 550°C at 10', and (3b) after 12-week storage at 4°C were investigated. Fresh CRPs' mean TPC and TFC were 118.57 mg GAE/g and 34.68 µg QE/g, respectively. Traditional bottled CRPs initial and post-storage mean TPC and TFC were 137.8 and 81.90 GAE/g, and 58.87 and 107.56 µg QE/g (p < 0.05), respectively. Industrial bottled CRPs' initial and post-storage mean TPC and TFC were 73.89 and 46.26 GAE/g, and 25.19 and 87.0µg QE/g (p < 0.05). AA decreased due to both traditional and industrial roasting methods after 12-week storage based on CUPRAC (p < 0.05). In traditional roasting method, 12-week storage negatively affected CRPs TPC. However, TFC positively affected more than industrial roasting method (p < 0.05). In traditional roasted method, 12-week storage negatively affected TPC. However, TFC positively affected more than industrial roasting.

AbstractObjectiveWe used qualitative data to evaluate how religious and interfaith couples may view the influences of fidelity and/or loyalty on their marriage.BackgroundReligion often regulates beliefs surrounding marriage and sexuality. Religion tends to support fidelity to marital vows. Previous quantitative studies indicated that higher religiosity is linked with higher levels of marital stability and satisfaction.MethodUsing semistructured interviews with 261 married couples (N = 522) who were identified as both religious and relational exemplars, the potential connections and processes between religion, relationships, and fidelity or integrity were examined.ResultsThree core themes emerged from systematic team‐based analyses: (1) integrity and/or fidelity strengthened marital quality and stability, (2) integrity and/or fidelity were core marital values and virtues, and (3) religion taught, developed, and motivated marital integrity and fidelity. Three subthemes were identified under this final theme: (3a) religious lifestyle, (3b) religious beliefs, and (3c) commitment to God. Contradictory voices that expressed and described challenges to marital integrity and fidelity are presented.ConclusionCouples discussed how their faiths' teachings on integrity and/or fidelity strengthened marital quality and stability, added to their core marital values and virtues, and motivated marital integrity and/or fidelity through a religious lifestyle, religious beliefs and morals, and commitment to God that built commitment and fidelity to spouse.ImplicationsTherapists and educators who recognize that these deeply held values contribute to couples' stability and satisfaction within their relationship may be able to ask, understand, and harness religious strengths to facilitate commonalities and satisfaction.

Abstract
To what degree can we determine people's connections with groups through the language they use? In recent years, large archives of behavioral data from social media communities have become available to social scientists, opening the possibility of tracking naturally occurring group identity processes. A feature of most digital groups is that they rely exclusively on the written word. Across 3 studies, we developed and validated a language-based metric of group identity strength and demonstrated its potential in tracking identity processes in online communities. In Studies 1a–1c, 873 people wrote about their connections to various groups (country, college, or religion). A total of 2 language markers of group identity strength were found: high affiliation (more words like we, togetherness) and low cognitive processing or questioning (fewer words like think, unsure). Using these markers, a language-based unquestioning affiliation index was developed and applied to in-class stream-of-consciousness essays of 2,161 college students (Study 2). Greater levels of unquestioning affiliation expressed in language predicted not only self-reported university identity but also students' likelihood of remaining enrolled in college a year later. In Study 3, the index was applied to naturalistic Reddit conversations of 270,784 people in 2 online communities of supporters of the 2016 presidential candidates—Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. The index predicted how long people would remain in the group (3a) and revealed temporal shifts mirroring members' joining and leaving of groups (3b). Together, the studies highlight the promise of a language-based approach for tracking and studying group identity processes in online groups.

AbstractIn placenta percreta cases, large vessels are present on the precrete surface area. As these vessels are not found in normal placentation, we examined their histological structure for features that might explain the pathogenesis of neoangiogenesis induced by placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS). In two patients with placenta percreta (FIGO grade 3a) of the anterior uterine wall, one strikingly large vessel of 2 cm length was excised. The samples were formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded. Gomori trichrome staining was used to evaluate the muscular layers and Weigert-Van Gieson staining for elastic fibers. Immunohistochemical staining of the vessel endothelium was performed for Von Willebrand factor (VWF), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), Ephrin B2, and EPH receptor B4. The structure of the vessel walls appeared artery-like. The vessel of patient one further exhibited an unorderly muscular layer and a lack of elastic laminae, whereas these features appeared normal in the vessel of the other patient. The endothelium of both vessels stained VWF-negative and CD31-positive. In conclusion, this study showed VWF-negative vessel endothelia of epiplacental arteries in placenta accreta spectrum. VWF is known to regulate artery formation, as the absence of VWF has been shown to cause enhanced vascularization. Therefore, we suppose that PAS provokes increased vascularization through suppression of VWF. This process might be associated with the immature vessel architecture as found in one of the vessels and Ephrin B2 and EPH receptor B4 negativity of both artery-like vessels. The underlying pathomechanism needs to be evaluated in a greater set of patients.

Purpose. Determine the proportion of adults aware of Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living (Guide) and its specific recommendations (objective 1); whether key demographic factors (objective 2a) and physical activity behavior (objective 2b) are associated with awareness and specific familiarity with the Guide; and if changes in awareness and specific recommendations with the Guide occurred over a 1-year period (objective 3a and 3b). Design. Random selection with computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Setting. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Subjects. A total of 2803 adults 18 years or older completed interviews from 4831 telephone contacts (response rate, 58.0%), and after 1 year, 1423 individuals (55%) completed interviews. Measures. Demographic, physical activity, Guide awareness. Analysis. Chi-square, analysis of variance. Results. At baseline, 27.3% were aware of the Guide, and 15.6% were familiar with the Guide's specific recommendations. Younger individuals (p = .01), women (p < .001), and those with a higher education (p < .001) were more likely to be generally aware of the Guide, and women were also more specifically aware (p = .01). Physical activity levels were positively associated with the general (p < .001) and specific (p < .001) awareness of the Guide. Changes in general familiarity and specific recommendations over 1 year were observed. Conclusions. The majority of those surveyed were not familiar with the Guide. Men, individuals with a lower education, and older individuals may need to be specifically targeted. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5]:294-297.)

ABSTRACTThis article is motivated by the gap between the growing demand and available supply of high‐quality, cost‐effective, and timely health care, a problem faced not only by developing and underdeveloped countries but also by developed countries. The significance of this problem is heightened when the economy is in recession. In an attempt to address the problem, in this article, first, we conceptualize care as a bundle of goods, services, and experiences—including diet and exercise, drugs, devices, invasive procedures, new biologics, travel and lodging, and payment and reimbursement. We then adopt a macro, end‐to‐end, supply chain–centric view of the health care sector to link the development of care with the delivery of care. This macro, supply chain–centric view sheds light on the interdependencies between key industries from the upstream to the downstream of the health care supply chain. We propose a framework, the 3A‐framework, that is founded on three constructs—affordability, access, and awareness—to inform the design of supply chain for the health care sector. We present an illustrative example of the framework toward designing the supply chain for implantable device–based care for cardiovascular diseases in developing countries. Specifically, the framework provides a lens for identifying an integrated system of continuous improvement and innovation initiatives relevant to bridging the gap between the demand and supply for high‐quality, cost‐effective, and timely care. Finally, we delineate directions of future research that are anchored in and follow from the developments documented in the article.

Correspondence between President Venustiano Carranza and Gral. Alvaro Obregon concerning: Greetings from Manuel Vargas and Alejandro Iñigo. Letter of recommendation from Guillermo Dominguez. Labor issues. Appointment of the Chief of Third Division. Congratulations on the marriage of President Venustiano Carranza's daughter, Virginia Carranza with Gen. Cándido Aguilar. Petition for a pension for the family of Gen. Cenobio Ochoa. Recommendation from Col. Abelardo Rodriguez and Gen. Jesus M. Garza to President Carranza. The President of the Mexican Republic, Venustiano Carranza commands Gen. Alvaro Obregon to assist via a pension the families of Generals Manuel Sobarzo and Angel Flores. Response to these letters and making reference to Manuel Vargas and Alejandro Iñigo's greetings. / Correspondencia entre el Presidente Venustiano Carranza y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón relativa a: Saludos de Manuel Vargas y Alejandro Iñigo. Carta de recomendación de Guillermo Domínguez. Asuntos de trabajo. Nombramiento de Jefe de la 3a. División. Felicitación por el matrimonio de la hija del Presidente Venustiano Carranza, Virginia Carranza, con el Gral. Cándido Aguilar. Solicitud de pensión para la familia del Gral. Cenobio Ochoa. Recomendación del Corl. Abelardo Rodríguez y el Gral. Jesús M. Garza al Presidente Carranza. El Presidente de la República Mexicana, Venustiano Carranza, ordena al Gral. Alvaro Obregón ayude mediante una pensión a los deudos de los Grales. Manuel Sobarzo y Angel Flores. Respuesta de estas cartas y haciendo referencia al saludo de Manuel Vargas y Alejandro Iñigo.

Jornada 1a., De Madrid á Alcobendas--2a. Jornada, De Alcobendas al Molar--3a. Jornada, Del Molar á la Cabrera--4a. Jornada, De la Cabrera á Buitrago--5a. Jornada, De Buitrago á Somosierra ; Comprende parte de la zona septentrional de la provincia de Madrid y de la oriental de Segovia hasta la localidad de Boceguillas pasando, entre otras, por las poblaciones de San Agustín de Guadalix, El Molar y Buitrago de Lozoya ; Manuscrito firmado, rubricado y fechado en Madrid ; Escala hallada a partir de las cuadrículas trazadas en el mapa y que corresponden a un cuarto de legua cada una ; Relieve representado por normales ; Manuscrito iluminado en varios colores ; Cuadro con las jornadas en las que está dividido este itinerario, la longitud de cada una de ellas y el número de pueblos que hay en su tránsito ; Leyendas explicativas y tablas estadísticas sobre la situación, casas y edificios notables, número de vecinos y oficios, producción y capacidad de alojamiento de las localidades que jalonan el recorrido, indicadas por claves numéricas ; Notas explicativas sobre los criterios seguidos para el levantamiento del mapa ; Encuadernado en cuadernillo (9 h.) ; Incluye: "Plano de Madrid desde su fundación hasta el día". Clave cromática y de signos para diferenciar los distintos perímetros de la ciudad a lo largo de su historia, puertas, portillos y ermitas o iglesias. Inserta: "[Plano de la villa de Madrid]". Relación de sus edificios más notables indicados por clave numérica