Suchergebnisse

Export led growth remains a critical route out of poverty for many least developed countries (LDCs). But in a world increasingly concerned about climate change and the contribution of international trade to global warming will measures being considered to mitigate emissions hurt the export opportunities of LDCs? This paper reviews the trade-related instruments being considered by both policymakers and business communities to mitigate climate change, identifying areas where LDCs may be affected. The paper explores the following key issues: (i) how a shift to low carbon transportation may affect LDC exports given their remote location from main markets; (ii) how LDCs' exports will be influenced by their own domestic climate measures; (iii) whether mitigation instruments introduced by other governments that result in carbon border tax adjustments will significantly affect LDC exports; (iv) the importance of the nature of liberalization of trade in green goods; (v) how government sustainability standards in overseas market may affect trade, and finally (vi) the potential impact of private measures used by businesses for carbon management. The paper shows how climate change mitigation instruments will create challenges and provide new opportunities for LDC exports that will require attention to traditional trade policy issues but also to a deeper agenda relating to regulatory development and convergence.

The world's forests can redound significantly to the mitigation of anthropogenic climate change which is a key component of Sustainable Development (SD). Effective interactions between science and policymaking can help to unfold forests' associated potential. Besides tropical forests in developing countries, also forests in industrialised regions ought to be considered in this context. Against this background, the study at hand investigates how science-policy interactions in regional forest politics need to be designed in order to contribute effectively to climate change mitigation and SD. In qualitative case studies, the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE, FOREST EUROPE) and the European Forest Institute (EFI), two influential pan‐European forest political actors, are investigated on the basis of an analytical model. Embedded in the framework of policy analysis in general and Actor‐Centered Institutionalism in particular, this model contains the effectiveness of the science‐policy interactions at hand as dependent variable. Ideally, this effectiveness comprises the existence of a scientific knowledge base that is accepted as representative in the scientific community (first level of effectiveness), policymakers' linking of this knowledge base to valued policy goals (second level), and their derivation of premises for policy decisions from the knowledge base (third level). Eight independent and two exogenous variables complete the model applied here. The qualitative investigation of primary documents and expert interviews indicates that the overall effectiveness of the interactions is higher in the context of the EFI than in the MCPFE process. The research results are case specific and can hardly be generalised beyond these cases. What can be generalised, however, are the analytical model and a number of recommendations for an effective design of science‐policy interactions. Among these are the needs to simultaneously separate and integrate science and policymaking, to distribute relevant resources in a balanced way among the two, to translate scientific findings policy‐adequately, and to provide mechanisms for the resolution of conflicts. Moreover, the study confirms that the skills and behaviour of individual actors impact on the effectiveness of science‐policy interactions even though the institutional framework plays the central part. ; Wälder können erheblich an der Verminderung anthropogenen Klimawandels mitwirken. Dies ist eine zentrale Komponente Nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Effektive Interaktionen von Wissenschaft und Politik können dabei helfen, das diesbezügliche Potenzial der Wälder zu nutzen. Neben Tropenwäldern in Entwicklungsländern sind hierbei auch Wälder in industrialisierten Regionen zu beachten. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Studie, wie solche Interaktionen in der regionalen Waldpolitik zu gestalten sind, um effektiv zu Klimawandelminderung und Nachhaltiger Entwicklung beizutragen. In qualitativen Fallstudien werden die Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE, FOREST EUROPE) und das European Forest Institute (EFI), zwei einflussreiche Akteure der pan‐europäischen Waldpolitik, auf Basis eines analytischen Modells untersucht. Dieses Modell steht im Kontext von Politikfeldanalyse und Akteurszentriertem Institutionalismus und enthält die Effektivität der betrachteten Interaktionen als abhängige Variable. Im Idealfall besteht diese Effektivität aus einer in der Wissenschaft als repräsentativ anerkannten Wissensbasis (erste Stufe der Effektivität), aus der Verknüpfung dieser Wissensbasis mit relevanten Politikzielen durch politische Entscheidungsträger (zweite Stufe) sowie aus deren Ableitung von Prämissen für Politikentscheidungen aus dieser Wissensbasis (dritte Stufe). Acht unabhängige und zwei exogene Variablen vervollständigen das Modell. Die qualitative Untersuchung von Primärdokumenten und Experteninterviews legt nahe, dass die Gesamteffektivität der Interaktionen von Wissenschaft und Politik im Kontext des EFI höher ist als im MCPFE‐Prozess. Die Forschungsergebnisse sind fallspezifisch und lassen sich kaum über diese Fälle hinaus verallgemeinern. Verallgemeinerbar sind hingegen das analytische Modell sowie eine Reihe von Empfehlungen für die effektive Gestaltung der Interaktionen von Wissenschaft und Politik. Darunter sind die Notwendigkeiten einer simultanen Trennung und Integration von Wissenschaft und Politik, einer ausgeglichenen Ressourcenausstattung beider Sphären, der politik‐adäquaten Übersetzung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse sowie von Konfliktlösungsmechanismen. Die Studie bestätigt, dass die Fähigkeiten und das Verhalten individueller Akteure die Effektivität derartiger Interaktionen ungeachtet der Bedeutung institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussen.

The implementation of climate stability accounts for the most challenging contemporary global governance predicament that seems to pit today's generation against future world inhabitants. In a trade-off of economic growth versus sustainability, a broad-based international coalition could establish climate stability. As a novel angle towards climate justice, this paper proposes to search for a well-balanced climate mitigation and adaptation public policy mix guided by micro- and macroeconomic analysis results, and a new way of funding climate change mitigation and adaptation policies through broad-based climate stability bonds that also involve future enerations that complement taxation and emission trading system solutions. Contemporary climate stability financing strategies are discussed in order to derive recommendations how market economies can be brought to a path consistent with prosperity and sustainability. Finding innovative ways how to finance climate abatement over time coupled with future risk prevention as well as adaptation to higher temperatures appears as an innovative and easily-implementable solution to nudge overlapping generations towards climate justice in the sustainability domain.

"The Climate Planner is about overcoming the objections to climate change mitigation and adaption that planners face at a local level. It shows how to draft climate plans that encounter less resistance because they involve the public, stakeholders, and decisionmakers in a way that builds trust, educates, creates consensus, and leads to implementation. Although focused at the local level, this book discusses climate basics like Carbon Dioxide levels in the atmosphere, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Paris Agreement of 2015, worldwide energy generation forecasts, and other items of global concern in order to familiarize urban planners and citizen planners with key concepts they'll need to know in order to host climate conversations on the local level. The case studies from around the United States show how communities encountered pushback and bridged the implementation gap, the gap between plan and reality thanks to a commitment to substantive public engagement. The book is written for urban planners, local activists, journalists, elected or appointed representatives, and the average citizen worried about climate breakdown and working to reshape the built environment"--

Part of the Greenleaf Publishing Responsible Investment Series. Mitigating and adapting to risks and changing circumstances is a natural part of doing business. But methods of mitigating and adapting can be quite different in terms of time, cost and observed impacts. The impacts of mitigation activities are more immediate while the benefits of adaptation activities may take many years to take effect. Nowhere is this difference more apparent than in the case of the corporate response to climate change. In the context of climate change, adaptation is the process of changing behaviour in response to actual or expected climate change impacts. Climate change adaptation is now emerging as a critical partner to mitigation, and indeed may even become the primary protection mechanism for future generations. In this unique book, Jason West provides a comprehensive assessment of the management of climate change adaptation in the corporate sector. The book provides a formal overview of the range of approaches available along with a series of practical case studies and examples that can be used by companies and other organisations to identify, assess and manage climate change adaptation. A major focus is on the financial and investment implications of climate change adaptation. West examines how firms can evaluate the investment decisions associated with long-term climate change adaptation measures, including how such investments can be valued and funded, the appropriate accounting treatment of such measures and appropriate risk management and governance practices in relation to such measures. The book also considers the needs and interests of investors and other stakeholders, and considers how they can assess the adequacy and appropriateness of corporate action on climate change. "The Long Hedge" will be essential reading and a key text for risk-practitioners, investors, financiers, scholars and policy makers in the field of climate change

Financial supervisors like the European Central Bank (ECB) have been active by supervising the financial risk side of climate change, environmental degradation and other nature-related risks. The ECB can only take climate-related risks into account to the extent such risks relate to the tasks that have been conferred upon it. This article explores the legal basis for climate risk supervision and sets out what the ECB is currently doing on this front. At the same time, new legislative proposals to combat climate change and to address climate-related risks are under way. These proposals, together with other pressures from the market and the public, will increase the pressure on banks to look beyond risk mitigation and might compel banks to align their business model with the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

1. Earth Climate System ⁰́₃ Overview 2. Observed Changes in Earth System and their Causes 3. Impacts on Systems and Vulnerability 4. Global Adaptation Experience 5. Future Climate Change Projections 6. Identified Risks and Opportunities for Adaptation 7. Mitigation of Climate Change 8. Global Policy Responses to Climate Change

This paper reviews the scientific consensus as to how climate change will affect human health on a global scale and describes the limited, emerging research findings concerning climate change health impacts along the U.S. Gulf Coast. Through myriad pathways, climate change is likely to make the Gulf Coast less hospitable and more dangerous for Americans, and may prompt substantial migration from and into the region. The paper also summarizes the primary prescriptions and adaptations found in the public health literature for meeting climate change's threats to human health, along with several recent findings that America's state and local public health agencies recognize the approaching problems but lack the resources to make climate change preparedness, education, needs assessment or adaptation high priorities. It also should be noted that several factors besides climate change are converging to exacerbate the fragility of this region, including coastal erosion and subsidence and the ongoing threat of energy infrastructure failure (such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill catastrophe). This paper provides a comprehensive survey of current U.S. federal government activities—as yet uncoordinated and inadequately funded—to elucidate the public health implications of climate change and to help all levels of government create the tools and institutional structures necessary to adapt to the coming crisis. Finally, it considers pending legislation and executive branch actions to jump start public health adaptation to climate change.

With the global population expected to reach nine billion by 2050, our capacity to provide enough food, water and energy relies on our understanding and management of the complex interdependencies in the climate-energy-water nexus. This book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the interdependencies between these sectors and the knock-on consequences of those interactions for other sectors, such as food production and biodiversity conservation. The interdisciplinary nature of the book across the three sectors of climate, energy and water means that it will be valuable for advanced students, researchers and policymakers across a broad range of fields, including environmental/energy/water/climate policy, environmental economics, climate science, hydrology, ecology and geography

Intro -- Dedication -- Introduction -- PART 1: "We're Screwed" Get Over It -- CHAPTER 1: The Need and the Call to Action -- CHAPTER 2: Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Removal -- CHAPTER 3: The Math Is Simple -- CHAPTER 4: We Can Do This -- PART 2: Principles That Get Us There -- CHAPTER 5: The Science of a Bias toward Action -- CHAPTER 6: Principles of Innovation -- CHAPTER 7: We Need More Ways to Plug Money into This -- CHAPTER 8: Regulation Plays a Big Role -- PART 3: Existence Theorems -- CHAPTER 9: Green Carbon -- CHAPTER 10: Blue Carbon -- CHAPTER 11: Black Carbon -- CHAPTER 12: Gold Carbon -- CHAPTER 13: Estimation and Verification -- CHAPTER 14: The Road Ahead -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix -- Endnotes.

Wind energy is crucial in German energy and climate strategies as it substitutes carbon-intensive fossil fuels and achieves substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. However, wind energy deployment currently faces several problems: low expansion rates, wind turbines at the end of their service life, or the end of remuneration. Repowering is a vital strategy to overcome these problems. This study investigates future annual GHG payback times and emission savings of repowered wind turbines. In total, 96 repowering scenarios covering a broad range of climatological, technical, economic, and political factors affecting wind energy output in 2025–2049 were studied. The results indicate that due to more giant wind turbines and geographical restrictions, the amount of repowerable sites is reduced significantly. Consequently, in most scenarios, emission savings will dramatically diminish compared to current savings. Even in the best-case scenario, the highest emission savings' growth is at 11%. The most meaningful drivers of GHG payback time and emission savings are wind turbine type, geographical restrictions, and GHG emissions. In contrast, climate change impact on the wind resource is only marginal. Although repowering alone is insufficient for achieving climate targets, it is a substantial part of the wind energy strategy. It could be improved by the synergies of different measures presented in this study. The results emphasize that a massive expansion of wind energy is required to establish it as a cornerstone of the future energy mix.

Biographical note: Birgit Schneider (PhD in cultural studies) is postdoc fellow at the Institute for Arts and Media at University of Potsdam, Germany. Thomas Nocke (PhD in computer science) investigates visualization methods for climate data and visual climate knowledge communication at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany.