Suchergebnisse

The European Red List of Habitats provides an overview of the risk of collapse (degree of endangerment) of marine, terrestrial and freshwater habitats in the European Union (EU28) and adjacent regions (EU28+), based on a consistent set of categories and criteria, and detailed data and expert knowledge from involved countries. A total of 257 benthic marine habitat types were assessed. In total, 19% (EU28) and 18% (EU28+) of the evaluated habitats were assessed as threatened in categories Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable. An additional 12% were Near Threatened in the EU28 and 11% in the EU28+. These figures are approximately doubled if Data Deficient habitats are excluded. The percentage of threatened habitat types differs across the regional seas. The highest proportion of threatened habitats in the EU28 was found in the Mediterranean Sea (32%), followed by the North-East Atlantic (23%), the Black Sea (13%) and then the Baltic Sea (8%). There was a similar pattern in the EU28+. The most frequently cited pressures and threats were similar across the four regional seas: pollution (eutrophication), biological resource use other than agriculture or forestry (mainly fishing but also aquaculture), natural system modifications (e.g. dredging and sea defence works), urbanisation and climate change. Even for habitats where the assessment outcome was Data Deficient, the Red List assessment process has resulted in the compilation of a substantial body of useful information to support the conservation of marine habitats. ; peer-reviewed

Includes bibliographical references and index

The processes of globalization and postmodernism are important determinants of the integration of the European Union countries in the field of ensuring security. Ensuring security of the European Union countries requires the creation of an integrated security system of these countries. This study is concerned with the theoretical analysis of an important factor - disponible (available) groups - in ensuring security of the European Union. These groups were defined as professional or volunteer response forces of a military, paramilitary and non-military nature.Two possible ways of integrating national disponible groups into the developing security system of the European Union ensuring its military as well as non-military security were analyzed. The success of integration of the national security systems of the European Union countries into the security system of the European Union depends not only on the elites - national (local) and transnational, but also on the transformation of citizens of national (member) states into citizens of the European Union - European citizens.

The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union offers an essential collection of ground-breaking chapters reflecting on the causes and consequences of this complex phenomenon. With contributions from key experts in this sub-field of European Studies, it will become a key volume used for those interested in learning the nuts and bolts of differentiation as a mechanism of (dis)integration in the European Union, especially in the light of Brexit. Organised around five key themes, it offers an authoritative 'encyclopaedia' of differentiation and addresses questions such as: How can one define differentiation in the European Union in the light of the most recent events? Does differentiation create more challenges or opportunities for the European Union? Is Europe moving away from an 'ever closer Union' and heading towards an 'ever more differentiated Union', especially as leading political figures across Europe favour the use of differentiation to reconcile divergences between member states? This handbook is essential reading and an authoritative reference for scholars, students, researchers and practitioners involved in, and actively concerned about, research in the study of European integration. As European differentiation is multi-faceted and involves a wide range of actors and policies, it will be of further interest to those working on countries and/or in policy areas where differentiation is an increasingly relevant feature.

"Copublished with the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, this study asks if the European Union (EU) has the capacity or the will to counter antisemitism. The desire to counter antisemitism was a significant impetus toward the formation of the EU in the twentieth century and now prejudice against Jews threatens to subvert that goal in the twenty-first. The European Union, Antisemitism, and the Politics of Denial offers an overview of the circumstances that obliged European political institutions to take action against antisemitism and considers the effectiveness of these interventions by considering two seemingly dissimilar EU states, Austria and Sweden. This examination of the European Union's strategy for countering antisemitism discloses escalating prejudice within the EU in the aftermath of 9/11. The author contends that Europe's political actors have responded to the challenge and provocation of antisemitism with only sporadic rhetoric and inconsistent commitment, a halfhearted strategy for countering antisemitism that exacerbates skepticism toward EU institutions and their commitments to equality and justice. This exposition of the insipid character of the EU's response simultaneously suggests alternatives that might mitigate the subtle and potentially devastating creep of antisemitism in Europe. This study offers a new approach insofar as scholarly considerations of the EU's attempts to combat racism rarely focus on antisemitism, while scholarship on antisemitism rarely considers the political context of the European Union."--

The article deals with the problem of implementation of innovation technologies for the education of elementary school pupils in Ukraine and the European Union countries. The efficiency of application of innovative facilities in work with elementary school pupils in Ukraine and abroad is theoretically proved in the research. Implementation of educational technologies in teaching and educational process of primary school institution is analysed and innovative activity as a means of improvement of the system of work with children in Ukraine and EU countries is investigated. It is established that the application of innovation technologies while studying academic disciplines in elementary school will help the effective development and modernization of educational process and, in general, the development of elementary school. It is revealed that innovation technologies are important factors for the formation of competences of elementary school pupils.Combinatorial technologies have considerable amounts of pedagogical opportunities of use in elementary schools of different countries of the world.It is proved that when using modern methods of training in Ukraine, the tendency to growth of economic level of the country is observed. ; У статті розглядається проблема запровадження новітніх технологій у навчання школярів початкової школи в Україні та країнах Євросоюзу. Теоретично обґрунтовано ефективність застосування інноваційних засобів у роботі з учнями початкової школи в Україні та закордоном. Проаналізовано впровадження освітніх технологій у навчально-виховний процес початкового шкільного закладу та досліджена інноваційна діяльність, як засіб вдосконалення системи роботи з дітьми в Україні та країнах ЄС. Встановлено, що застосування новітніх технологій під час вивчення навчальних дисциплін у початковій школі сприятиме ефективному розвитку і модернізації навчального процесу і розвитку початкової школи в цілому. З'ясовано, що новітні технології є суттєвими чинниками формування компетенцій молодшого школяра.

The article deals with the problem of implementation of innovation technologies for the education of elementary school pupils in Ukraine and the European Union countries. The efficiency of application of innovative facilities in work with elementary school pupils in Ukraine and abroad is theoretically proved in the research. Implementation of educational technologies in teaching and educational process of primary school institution is analysed and innovative activity as a means of improvement of the system of work with children in Ukraine and EU countries is investigated. It is established that the application of innovation technologies while studying academic disciplines in elementary school will help the effective development and modernization of educational process and, in general, the development of elementary school. It is revealed that innovation technologies are important factors for the formation of competences of elementary school pupils.Combinatorial technologies have considerable amounts of pedagogical opportunities of use in elementary schools of different countries of the world.It is proved that when using modern methods of training in Ukraine, the tendency to growth of economic level of the country is observed. ; У статті розглядається проблема запровадження новітніх технологій у навчання школярів початкової школи в Україні та країнах Євросоюзу. Теоретично обґрунтовано ефективність застосування інноваційних засобів у роботі з учнями початкової школи в Україні та закордоном. Проаналізовано впровадження освітніх технологій у навчально-виховний процес початкового шкільного закладу та досліджена інноваційна діяльність, як засіб вдосконалення системи роботи з дітьми в Україні та країнах ЄС. Встановлено, що застосування новітніх технологій під час вивчення навчальних дисциплін у початковій школі сприятиме ефективному розвитку і модернізації навчального процесу і розвитку початкової школи в цілому. З'ясовано, що новітні технології є суттєвими чинниками формування компетенцій молодшого школяра.

"This book analyses the new architecture for the protection of fundamental rights in Europe after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. As a starting point, it identifies how the EU has gained a prominent role in promoting and protecting fundamental rights at European level despite the absence of an unlimited mandate to address fundamental rights violations. This new setting affects the traditional relationship between the EU, the ECHR system and the Member States and, in the absence of EU accession to the ECHR, enhances the risk of tensions and conflicts between the case law of the two European Courts. Examples of these tensions and conflicts are explored in the Area of Freedom Security and Justice, which is one of the most fundamental rights-sensitive areas of EU law and one of the busiest areas of activity for the CJEU. The book offers new insights into existing rules on the resolution of conflicts between EU and ECHR law before mapping out techniques actually used by domestic courts to avoid or address such conflicts"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- ETS linking - an economic opportunity for climate policy? -- Recent policy developments provide an impetus for research on linking -- Academic research builds the case for linking but largely overlooks its political side -- Linking lacks progress in practice -- About this book's approach -- Notes -- References -- 2 The fundamentals of linking -- What is linking? The linking process and formats of linking -- The legal structures of linking -- A glimpse into research that focuses on the technical design compatibility of ETSs -- Looking at linking with an international relations theory lens -- Notes -- References -- 3 EU climate policy and the design and development of the EU Emissions Trading System: Setting the scene -- The EU ETS design -- Notes -- References -- 4 The EU Emissions Trading System and the California Cap-and-Trade Program: A failed linking attempt -- Climate policy in California and the development of the California Cap-and-Trade Program (CAL C& -- T) -- Linking the EU ETS and the CAL C& -- T -- Notes -- References -- 5 A successful linking process between the EU Emissions Trading System and the Switzerland Emissions Trading System -- Swiss climate policy and the implementation of the SW ETS -- Linking the EU ETS and the SW ETS -- Notes -- References -- 6 The EU Emissions Trading System and the Australia Carbon Pricing Mechanism: An agreed-upon, but unrealized link -- Climate policy in Australia and the implementation of the AUS CPM -- Linking the EU ETS and the AUS CPM -- Notes -- References -- 7 Linking is dominated by domestic political interests, domestic structures, and international developments -- General observations.