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Results from studies evaluating potential effects of prenatal exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields from cell phones on birth outcomes have been inconsistent. Using data on 55,507 pregnant women and their children from Denmark (1996-2002), the Netherlands (2003-2004), Spain (2003-2008), and South Korea (2006-2011), we explored whether maternal cell-phone use was associated with pregnancy duration and fetal growth. On the basis of self-reported number of cell-phone calls per day, exposure was grouped as none, low (referent), intermediate, or high. We examined pregnancy duration (gestational age at birth, preterm/postterm birth), fetal growth (birth weight ratio, small/large size for gestational age), and birth weight variables (birth weight, low/high birth weight) and meta-analyzed cohort-specific estimates. The intermediate exposure group had a higher risk of giving birth at a lower gestational age (hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.07), and exposure-response relationships were found for shorter pregnancy duration (P < 0.001) and preterm birth (P = 0.003). We observed no association with fetal growth or birth weight. Maternal cell-phone use during pregnancy may be associated with shorter pregnancy duration and increased risk of preterm birth, but these results should be interpreted with caution, since they may reflect stress during pregnancy or other residual confounding rather than a direct effect of cell-phone exposure. ; The Generalized EMF Research Using Novel Methods (GERoNiMO) Project was supported by the European Union (grant 603794). The Amsterdam Born Children and Their Development Study (ABCD) was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (grant 2100.0076) and the Electromagnetic Fields and Health Research program (grants 85600004 and 85800001). The Danish National Birth Cohort Study (DNBC) was supported by the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, the Lundbeck Foundation (grant 195/04), the Egmont Foundation, the March of Dimes Birth Defect Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation, and the Medical Research Council (grant SSVF 0646). The Spanish Environment and Childhood Project (INMA) was supported by the European Union (grants FP7-ENV-2011, 282957, and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants G03/176, CB06/02/0041, FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 09/02647, 11/01007, 11/02591, CP11/00178, FIS-PI06/0867, FIS-PS09/00090, FIS-PI041436, FIS-PI081151, FIS-PI042018, FIS-PI09/02311, FISPI13/1944, FIS-PI13/2429, FIS-PI14/0981, FIS-PI13/141687, CP13/00054 (including FEDER funds), and MS13/00054); the Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana; the Generalitat de Catalunya (grants CIRIT1999SGR and 00241); Obra Social Cajastur; the Universidad de Oviedo; the Department of Health of the Basque Government (grants 2005111093 and 2009111069); and the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (grants DFG06/004 and DFG08/001). The Korean Mothers and Children's Environment Health Study (MOCEH) was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Research, the Ministry of the Environment, and the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) research and development program of the Ministry of Science and ICT (grants 2017-0-00961 and 2019-0-00102), South Korea.

The De Gruyter Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Identity and Technology Studies examines the relationship of the social sciences to artificial intelligence, surveying the various convergences and divergences between science and technology studies on the one hand and identity transformations on the other. It provides representative coverage of all aspects of the AI revolution, from employment to education to military warfare, impacts on public policy and governance and the future of ethics. How is AI currently transforming social, economic, cultural and psychological processes? This handbook answers these questions by looking at recent developments in supercomputing, deep learning and neural networks, including such topics as AI mobile technology, social robotics, big data and digital research. It focuses especially on mechanisms of identity by defining AI as a new context for self-exploration and social relations and analyzing phenomena such as race, ethnicity and gender politics in human-machine interfaces

Over the course of 2021, UBA commissioned a series of workshops on the topic of climate resilient infrastructure systems to discuss why research outputs are not more consistently transferred into practice of infrastructure operation. This paper presents the outcomes of this process. It presents barriers for successful transfer of research outputs into practice and for each barrier provides recommendations to overcome them. The identified key lessons for facilitating climate resilience of infrastructure systems are: (i) A better approach to knowledge co-production is needed at all stages of research, including the explicit inclusion of a trust-building phase between researchers and users; (ii) Frameworks related to funding, standards, and regulations need to be systematically assessed to determine whether and why they might facilitate or hinder the uptake of research results; (iii) Existing capacity to raise Technology Readiness Levels needs to be increased, e.g., by providing funding programs that support long-term collaboration among successful consortia; (iv) There is a need for European and national services to support long-term access to research results; (v) More capacity needs to be provided for education and training of users; (vi) There is a need for improved cross-sector applicability through harmonization of methods, data formats, and terminology; and (vii) A mechanism is needed to support the extension of already well-established (but potentially sector-specific) research results for critical infrastructure systems. The target audiences for these recommendations are funding bodies, policy makers, and standardization bodies that can influence the framework conditions under which infrastructure resilience research takes place, research project coordinators and other academic/researcher institutions who are often the main responsible for the design of research projects, and practitioners who design and manage (critical) infrastructure systems.

Wirksamer Klima- und Umweltschutz machen einen tiefgreifenden Wandel unserer Produktions- und Konsumweisen nötig. Im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung sollte es Ziel sein, den notwendigen "ökologischen Strukturwandel" so zu gestalten, dass (regional-) wirtschaftliche Anpassungsprozesse erleichtert, soziale Härten vermieden beziehungsweise abgefedert, und die wirtschaftlichen Chancen einer Green Economy genutzt werden. Auf den Herausforderungen und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten dieses Strukturwandels lag der Fokus des hier zugrundeliegenden ReFoPlan-Vorhabens "Strategien für den ökologischen Strukturwandel in Richtung einer Green Economy" (FKZ 3716 14 101 0). Der hier vorliegende Teilbericht zum Arbeitspaket 2 des Projekts beinhaltet zum einen Erkenntnisse einer breiten Literaturauswertung zu Einflussfaktoren vergangener und laufender Strukturwandelprozesse. Zum anderen umfasst der Bericht drei Branchen-Fallstudien mit vertieften Analysen und Handlungsempfehlungen: zwei Fallstudien zu den für Deutschland volkswirtschaftlich bedeutsamen und vor einem ökologischen Strukturwandel stehenden Branchen Automobilindustrie und Basischemie, sowie eine Fallstudie zu einem möglichen künftigen Green Economy Geschäftsfeld, nämlich der Weiterverwendung von Batterien aus der Elektromobilität als stationäre Speicher. Das Schlusskapitel vergleicht die beiden erstgenannten Fallstudien hinsichtlich Ursachen, Treibern und möglichen Entwicklungen des Strukturwandels, und beinhaltet zudem eine Synthese der Empfehlungen zur erfolgreichen Gestaltung ökologischen Strukturwandels.

Deals with the intersection of issues associated with globalization and the dynamics of core-periphery relations. It places these debates in a large and vital context asking what the relations between cores and peripheries have in forming our vision of what constitutes globalization and what were and are its possible effects. In this sense the debate on globalization is framed as part of a larger and more crucial discourse that tries to account for the essential dynamics—economic, social, political and cultural—between metropolitan areas and their peripheries