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Taiwan's economic success is well known and considered to be one of the "East Asian Miracles" by the World Bank. This book examines the contributions of dynamic entrepreneurs to the economic development of Taiwan. It adopts Austrian theories of entrepreneurship and market process as a major analytical framework. Specifically, it focuses on knowledge and coordination problems. It examines how entrepreneurs identify and pursue profit opportunities, and how their efforts have enhanced Taiwan's economic dynamics. This book sheds new light on the economic development of Taiwan.

Social and Cultural Issues of the New International Economic Order discusses the social and cultural issues concerning New International Economic Order (NIEO). The book is comprised of 10 chapters that cover several topics relating to the socio-cultural issues faced by the NIEO. Chapter 1 discusses the relation of NIEO to employment and human needs, while Chapter 2 deals with education. The third chapter talks about the learning process of the society, and the fourth chapter tackles mass media in the Third World. The fifth chapter discusses the condition of women and the exercise of political

A number of institutional and non-institutional factors hamper electoral coordination and, hence, increase party system fragmentation in the nominal tier of mixed electoral systems. Contrary to expectations, the number of electoral parties is not lower in all old democracies. Nevertheless, the level of democratic experience modifies the effect of other variables like the type of mixed electoral system or the closeness of the races. Econometric tests evaluate this phenomenon in a diverse sample of 15 countries and a total of 57 elections with more than 10,000 observations at the district level. Adapted from the source document.

Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Introduction: Increasing Dynamics and the New Trading Ecosystem for the South -- 1 Introduction -- References -- The Big Picture: South-South Regional Trade Agreements within the Context of the Multilateral Trade Systems -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Pros and Cons of RTAs: Trade Creation Versus Trade Diversion -- 3 Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) and Multilateral Trading Systems (MTS) in Theoretical Perspective -- 4 The Drive to Engage in RTAs -- 5 Brief Stylized Facts on the Evolution of RTAs -- 5.1 Regional Trade Agreements Notifications to the GATT/WTO -- 6 The Effects of RTAs on the Multilateral Trading System -- 7 Review and Benefits of Africa´s RTA in the Global Financial and Food Crisis -- 8 Conclusion: Systemic Implications of South-South RTAs for the Multilateral Trading System -- References -- Part I: Selected Cases on South-South Regional Trade Agreements -- Trading with China: How can Africa Benefit? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background on China -- 3 Trade Agreements Between Africa and China -- 4 Opportunities -- 5 Challenges -- 6 Strategic Trade Agreement: A Beneficial Framework -- 7 Recommendations -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Enhancing Africa-India Regional Trade Agreements: Issues and Policy Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background Information -- 1.2 Understanding the India-Africa Trade Agreements -- 2 Analysis of India-Africa Trade Agreements -- 3 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- 3.1 Conclusion -- 3.2 Policy Recommendations -- References -- Understanding the Dynamics of India-Africa Trade Negotiation Game: Lessons and Policy Directions -- 1 The Problem -- 2 Review of the Literature -- 3 Africa-India Trade Performance -- 4 Africa´s Intra-Regional Trade Performance by Economic Groups -- 5 Africa-India Trade Agreements -- 6 Conclusion -- References

Refugees and asylum seekers are only a small proportion of the 60 million forcibly displaced persons. But those seeking asylum in the developed world have received much of the attention as western governments have struggled to develop a policy response. An analysis of asylum applications by origin and destination indicates that these flows are largely driven by political terror and human rights abuses. Poor economic conditions in origin countries and tough asylum policies in destination countries matter too. In the light of the findings I suggest that greater coordination among OECD countries could improve the lot of those fleeing from persecution but even this would make only modest inroads into the sum of human misery that displaced people exemplify.

This paper discusses industrial and economic adjustment in France in the 1980s. Itargues that French industry followed a path of adjustment throughout the decade,which was fundamentally different from both the German-Japanese style organisedcapitalism, and the US-UK type of deregulated capitalism. The analysis attributesthis to the structure and integration of the French political, financial andadministrative élite. Combining historical institutional analysis and insights from thenew economics of organisation, the paper also elaborates elements of amethodological alternative to traditional neo-classical and institutionalist arguments. ; Diese Arbeit analysiert den Wirtschaftswandel in Frankreich in den 80er Jahren. Die Autoren argumentieren, daß die Industrie in Frankreich in dieser Dekade einem Anpassungspfad folgte, der sich sowohl von dem organisierten Kapitalismus nach deutsch-japanischem Muster als auch von dem des deregulierten angelsächsischen Kapitalismus grundsätzlich unterscheidet. Die Analyse kommt zu dem Schluß, daß dies auf die Funktion und die Rolle der politischen, ökonomischen und administrativen Eliten in Frankreich zurückzuführen ist. Durch die Verknüpfung von Argumenten des historischen Institutionalismus und der neuen Organisationsökonmie werden in diesem Papier auch Elemente einer methodologischen Alternative zu den traditionellen neoklassischen und institutionalistischen Ansätzen bearbeitet.

The regional crisis will increase employment and income inequalities within and between countries, thereby further increasing emigration pressures and drawing into sharper focus the disjunction between capital movement, State sovereignty and migration. Malaysia, with one of Asia's largest foreign labor pools, is a case in point. The financial crisis has hit most sectors, but migrants in construction and services are particularly affected. Official retrenchment data do not include the tens of thousands of documented migrants whose permits were not renewed on expiry, or the undocumented migrants repatriated. Though security concerns appeared to override market factors soon after the crisis broke out, demand for labor, employer pressure, and the prospect of higher revenues from migrant levies and pension fund contributions encouraged the State to change its stance and adopt a more flexible policy on migrant recruitment. Nationally, there is an urgent need for a clearer social consensus, culminating in a more consistent, predictable and detailed program to reduce foreign labor dependence. Regionally, governments have to create more jobs and reduce poverty so that migration pressures are eased.