Suchergebnisse

Spaces for civil society participation within intergovernmental negotiations on sustainability have multiplied since the 1992 Earth Summit. Such participatory spaces are often uncritically accepted as a remedy for an assumed democratic deficit of intergovernmental policymaking. I argue, however, that civil society's capacity to democratize global sustainability governance is constrained by the limited influence of these spaces on policymaking. The article explores the relationship between the format of participatory spaces and their influence on the negotiations of the Sustainable Development Goals. It finds that civil society is more likely to influence within informal and exclusive participatory spaces, and when these spaces are provided early in the negotiating process, at international and national level. This reveals a democracy–influence paradox, as the actors with the capacities to engage repeatedly and informally with negotiators are seldom those that are most representative of global civil society.

Evaluation is intrinsic to the pedagogical process and it is related to the use of particular instruments, models and interpretations of the political and social impacts of Education in the Brazilian context. Teacher training is presented here as a focal point in achieving better learning outcomes among pupils. Understanding the importance of these themes in current discussions and based on related legal documents and studies, the article aims to discuss the demands, gaps and contributions of evaluation and assessment in the initial and continuing education of teachers in the context of Brazilian education. In order to accomplish this objective, a documental research of national and international legal frameworks was conducted . We identified the demands, disparities and lacunae in the educational assessment, first in the initial and then in the continuing education of teachers, as well as considering that the assessment can contribute to Education in several facets of the Brazilian reality.

Climate change provides for improved conditions for maritime navigation and results in increased activity in the Arctic. Those increased activities influence the safety at sea and risk of accidents. A disaster as the Costa Concordia incident would have far more serious consequences in Greenlandic waters than it had in Italy, therefore the question of prevention and disaster-preparedness is crucial. One approach to avoid risks is to create specific legislation. The legal system guiding safe navigation of cruise ships in/around Greenlandic waters is complex: the legal regime for navigation is set in different general and specific international, regional and national legal acts, partly non-binding, therefore issues of effectiveness arise. Safety is also influenced by practical issues, e.g. the lack of sufficient nautical charts for Greenlandic waters and "preparedness" at land to handle potential disasters, such as the SAR-system and preparedness of different actors, for example hospitals.

The overarching objective of the FarFish project is to provide knowledge, tools and methods to support responsible, sustainable and profitable EU fisheries outside European waters, both within the jurisdiction (EEZ) of non-EU coastal states as well as in international waters / high seas. In order to achieve this the FarFish project has produced this report with the aim to identify, study and potentially recommend investment opportunities for EU operators within some of the project's case study countries. This report studies investment opportunities within the small pelagic fisheries in Mauritanian waters, and the associated value chains, as well as the tuna fish pole and line fishery by the coast of the Atlantic Façade of Africa (mainly SW - Senegal), and the associated value chains. Also, a section is dedicated to investigating the specific case of investment of French capital in tuna fisheries in Seychelles in the Indian Ocean.

In a world on the brink of a global recession caused by the COVID-19 global pandemic, the infrastructure efforts of today and tomorrow are more crucial than ever. For one, they are an indispensable countercyclical tool to mitigate the negative effects of the economic paralysis. But they also constitute a pivotal component for a country's development, raising its competitiveness in the long term. That is why infrastructure will continue to play a critical role even when the pandemic crisis has been tamed. Rapid demographic growth, increasing urbanization, especially in developing countries, coupled with the ounting challenge posed by climate change, are trends that are not going to disappear with the virus. How to cope with these global, long-term trends? How to finance the increasing need for infrastructure? Which major international actors will take the lead? And what role will technology play in shaping the future of infrastructure?

Abstract The market size and strength of the major digital platform companies has invited international concern about how such firms should best be regulated to serve the interests of wider society, with a particular emphasis on the need for new anti-trust legislation. Using a normative innovation systems approach, this paper investigates how current anti-trust models may insufficiently address the value-extracting features of existing data-intensive and platform-oriented industry behaviour and business models. To do so, we employ the concept of economic rents to investigate how digital platforms create and extract value. Two forms of rent are elaborated: 'network monopoly rents' and 'algorithmic rents'. By identifying such rents more precisely, policymakers and researchers can better direct regulatory investigations, as well as broader industrial and innovation policy approaches, to shape the features of platform-driven digital markets.

The article discusses the current epidemiological situation in comparison with some other countries, provides an assessment of the current situation on the basis of the available statistical data. The author highlights the problem of interpretation of the data on the situation with COVID-19 and suggests a balanced method of its analysis. The key features of measures taken by the South Korean government to combat the spread of COVID-19 were studied as well as the country's existing advantages in this situation. The article offers the assessment of the effectiveness of these measures. The author investigates the economic situation in Korea at the time of the outbreak, and the first economic consequences of COVID-19, considering the main economic indicators for the first quarter of 2020 and forecasts for 2020 from international organizations and the government of RK. In conclusion, the author provides issues for further research.

The Digital Agenda Committee of the Bundestag was a remarkable institutional change in Germany. It represents the first body of its kind among all EU member states. In this article, we analyse it in its first legislative session (2013-2017) and examine the case of data retention legislation to determine if it had the effect sought by internet policy entrepreneurs of the time. Thereby, we contribute to a better understanding of whether internet issues became institutionalised in the Bundestag and, generally, how new policies emerge. Our results show that the new committee did not promote and share a common policy image in the first session. However, it strongly drifted to become a venue for digital policy. International scholars can learn not only about the establishment of new committees in the German parliament but also about an analytical framework to analyse cases in other parliaments or institutional settings.

International audience ; The potential of psychological and fiscal framing interventions in motivating environmentally responsible behavior is explored in a context of long distance leisure travel. A series of discrete choice experiments is conducted with 789 participants. Framing conditions like information on CO2 emissions, an injunctive and a descriptive norm, fiscal incentives such as a carbon tax, a bonus-malus and a personal carbon trading scheme are tested while controlling the usual travel price-duration tradeoff. Pricing (including internalization of social cost of CO2 through fiscal incentives) has the expected effect of reducing the choice of travelling and hence CO2 emissions. Providing information on CO2 emissions of each transport alternative significantly reduces preferences for the most emitting modes (air) and favors a less emitting mode (train). Framing the fiscal incentive as personal carbon trading adds a moderate incentive to the price effect in reducing air choice.

International audience ; Ce numéro spécial d'Œconomia , coordonné par Guido Erreygers, Marion Gaspard & Antoine Missemer , rassemble des contributions originales d'économistes, d'historiens et de philosophes, sur la manière dont les économistes de l'environnement et de l'énergie conçoivent, construisent et se réfèrent aux "faits".En économie, les relations entre théories, modèles et faits sont des sujets de préoccupation. Ceci est particulièrement vrai en économie de l'environnement et de l'énergie, où les faits sont complexes et multidimensionnels : ils incluent non seulement des variables économiques observables déterminées par le comportement individuel et social, mais aussi des processus biophysiques et écologiques, des contraintes géologiques et des interactions climat-économie. Ce sont des domaines où peuvent se poser des questions méthodologiques particulières en économie - liées à des représentations intertemporelles, des incertitudes, des projections ou des protocoles de validation incomplets - ainsi que des questions liées à la coopération avec d'autres disciplines (climatologie, biologie, physique, sciences politiques, entre autres). (.)

International audience ; Cette conférence inaugurale positionnera le jeu comme activité ou comme pratique située. Chacun des espaces ou plutôt des espaces-temps (social settings dans le sens du sociologue britannique Derek Layder) conduit à développer des activités ludiques situées, en partie marquées par le contexte propre à ces lieux (et en particulier les objectifs que l'on peut leur attribuer voire les politiques qu'ils incarnent plus ou moins) mais pas seulement (le jeu permettant aux enfants de résister à ces contraintes). Il n'y a pas de jeu en général, mais des pratiques toujours situées et liées à leur contexte, celui-ci se définissant tout autant comme un ensemble des contraintes que comme des ressources pour l'activité elle-même. Quelques exemples seront mobilisés dans différentes situations (famille, rue, école, structures préscolaires) pour justifier le propos général. Les situations qui conduisent à produire également des hybrides entre jeu et dispositif éducatif seront également évoquées.

International audience ; En Chine, ce sont les gouvernements locaux, en particulier celui de la ville de Wuhan, épicentre de l'épidémie, qui ont joué un rôle clé durant la crise sanitaire. D'une part, c'est à cette échelle que les décisions importantes ont été prises ; d'autre part, la majorité des dépenses liées à la lutte contre le Covid-19, y compris les primes versées aux professionnels de santé mobilisés, a été majoritairement supportée par les gouvernements locaux. Le rôle de l'État central, sans être marginal, a consisté à coordonner la mobilisation des professionnels de santé et du matériel entre les territoires, à mobiliser l'industrie et à financer une partie limitée des dépenses liées à l'action publique. Ce régime de mobilisation des ressources, s'il a permis d'être au plus proche du terrain, pose problème en termes d'équité territoriale et de capacité d'endettement des gouvernements locaux, notamment pour les régions les plus pauvres.

This text attempts to answer the main research question: what opportunities and challenges are facing the development cooperation implemented by Poland in the second decade of the 21st century? The following issues were considered in the analysis: the legal and institutional framework of Polish development cooperation, its geographical and thematic concentration, and financial resources allocated to these activities. A new quality in this area of Polish policy was introduced by the Act on development cooperation adopted in 2011, as well as by the articulation, through multi‑annual programs, of the preferred specialization of Polish activities in this field. However, there are still reservations regarding the cohesion of programming of Polish development cooperation with the EU and the global development agenda, the state's fulfilment of international commitments and the level of ODA financing, due to which Poland's participation in the global ODA system remains marginal.

International audience ; Recent changes in the world of work have modified the conditions of the exercise of management in ways that challenge managers' traditional authority and identity, both symbolically and physically. In this context, we analyse the "visibilizing process" of managers, through which they attempt to make themselves more visible, in ways that reaffirm their authority and restore their identity as managers. To that end, we develop a Foucauldian framework on power and visibility, which sheds light on the "political economy of visibility" of the manager. We apply this framework to a case study that encouraged a re-spatialization of remote work in coworking spaces. The findings show how the manager in our case study staged his own visibility, by enhancing managerial control, to manage his invisibility and shape his intertwined identities. Through the visibilizing process, the manager legitimated his role, materialized his function, and restored his authority.

International audience ; All organizations engage in ongoing maintenance of their information systems due to constant changes in users' needs and governments' regulations. However these systems are monolithic making this maintenance a nightmare. To address this monolithic nature different technologies like commercial-of-the-shelf, service-oriented architecture, and lately microservices are proposed. This paper focuses on microservices by discussing their automatic identification from a set of business processes. Thanks to business processes, control and data dependencies between their activities are extracted and then clustered together. Each cluster constitutes a candidate microservice. To illustrate and demonstrate microservice automatic identification, a case study about renting bikes in the city of Barcelona is adopted and then implemented. In term of precision, the results show how business processes as inputs permit to generate better microservices compared to other approaches discussed in the paper, as well.