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AbstractObjectiveAlthough the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention eventually recommended wearing masks in public to slow the spread of the coronavirus, the practice has been unevenly distributed in the United States.MethodsIn this article, we model county‐level infrequent mask usage as a function of three pillars of conservatism: (1) Republican political leadership (percentage of votes for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election), (2) conservative Protestantism (percentage evangelical Christian), and (3) right‐wing media consumption (Google searches for Fox News).ResultsOur analyses indicate that mask usage tends to be lower in counties with greater support for President Trump (in majority Trump counties), counties with more evangelical Christians, and areas with greater interest in Fox News.ConclusionGiven the effectiveness of masks in limiting the transmission of respiratory droplets, conservative ideological resistance to public health and recommended pandemic lifestyles may indirectly support the spread of the coronavirus.

The article analyzes the influence of ethnic factor in the post-Soviet space using the example of the Saratov region. On the basis of a public survey conducted in eight districts of the region, the activities of national and cultural organizations as subjects of civil society and the regional political process are considered. Their interaction with the authorities, difficulties, and contradictions arising in the process of implementing the programs and goals of national and cultural organizations are studied.

MYRIAD-EU has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101003276. Poster to introduce MYRIAD-EU project at Second International Conference on Natural Hazards and Risks in a Changing World 2021, Potsdam, Germany, 5-6 October 2021 Summary: While the last decade saw huge scientific advances in the understanding of natural hazard risk, most research and policy still address risk from a single-hazard, single-sector perspective not taking into account the interconnected reality of these events. MYRIAD-EU's vision is to catalyse the paradigm shift required to move towards a multi-risk, multi-sector, systemic approach to risk assessment and management. To achieve this vision, the overall aim is that by the end of MYRIAD-EU policy-makers, decision-makers, and practitioners will be able to develop forward-looking disaster risk management pathways that assess trade-offs and synergies across sectors, hazards, and scales. The project will focus on five multi-scale Pilot regions, in which we aim to better understand indirect, interregional, and cross-sectoral risk within Europe.

In this work, the possibility to perform a cold-flow simulation as a way to improve the accuracy of the starting conditions for a combustion simulation is examined. Specifically, a dual-fuel marine engine running on methanol/diesel and natural gas/diesel fueling conditions is investigated. Dual-fuel engines can provide a short-term solution to cope with the more stringent emission legislations in the maritime sector. Both natural gas and methanol appear to be interesting alternative fuels that can be used as main fuel in these dual-fuel engines. Nevertheless, it is observed that combustion problems occur at part load using these alternative fuels. Therefore, different methods to increase the combustion efficiency at part load are investigated. Numerical simulations prove to be very suitable hereto, as they are an efficient way to study the effect of different parameters on the combustion characteristics. These simulations often describe the engine with a limited engine geometry neglecting the inlet and exhaust duct. This gives rise to the need to assume certain starting conditions such as the turbulence coming from the intake valve and the homogeneity of the air/fuel mixture entering the combustion chamber. Hence this work presents the execution of a cold-flow simulation taking into account the whole engine geometry that can provide more realistic initialization values for combustion simulations.

Introduction: Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is increasingly conceptualized in psychiatry as a disorder of dysfunctional neural circuits. Advances in neuroimaging have enabled the study of those networks non-invasively. PTSD is currently assessed using subjective self-reporting to inform crucial decisions, such as fitness to deploy, but objective markers would aid in diagnosis and return-to-deployment decisions. Methods: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) allows investigation of neural circuit function via imaging of brain waves (known as neural oscillations) that index information processing in the brain and would prove a reliable, objective, biomarker. These measures of brain function establish how regions communicate to form brain circuits that support thinking and behaviour. Results: Studies into intrinsic brain function, both during rest and when engaged in a task designed to tap into cognitive dysfunction, have found these neurobiological mechanisms are disrupted in PTSD and are a reliable objective marker of illness. We now know that these alterations in brain function are directly related to core symptoms of PTSD and comorbid cognitive-behavioural challenges. Discussion: Continued characterization of neural function using MEG and related methods will advance understanding of the neurobiology underlying PTSD; allow for the identification of biomarkers that, coupled with machine learning, will aid in diagnoses; provide individualized therapeutic targets for neurostimulation; predict treatment outcomes; and track disorder remission in military personnel and Veterans who are disproportionately affected by this devastating illness.

Russia and the post-Soviet countries of Central Asia are close partners, having ties not only in the economy, politics and culture, but also in the field of security. The linguistic aspect of interaction is also of great importance. This article analyzes the presence of the Russian language in the curricula of Central Asian universities, the presence of Central Asian languages in the curricula of Russian universities, and the level of bilateral cooperation in this area. The study is conducted within the framework of the methodological structure of the theory of "soft power" by J. Nye and the concept of "competitive identity of the state" by S. Anholt. The findings of our study present arguments in support of, firstly, the development of an effective strategy to preserve the role of the Russian language as a unifying cultural factor and an instrument of international communication and cooperation, and, secondly, the possibility of preparation specialists in Central Asia in Russia with a good knowledge of regional languages in order to ensure strategic planning, evaluation of joint projects and the study of modern literature. ; This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Grant No. [19-78-10060].