Suchergebnisse

The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 manifestly occasioned fundamental adjustments in European strategic considerations. While few powers had given serious thought to Spain's diplomatic, military, or even geographical importance, the rising produced numerous useful opportunities for Germany. It created a potential friend on France's southern frontier, drew the senior, more aggressive dictator, Benito Mussolini, closer to the more recently arrived Adolf Hitler, threatened Great Britain's control of the Mediterranean at Gibraltar, and redirected the focus of international diplomacy. In order to obtain a position of greater influence within the unstable vector of forces created by the new situation the two dictators had dispatched socalled volunteer military and air formations in support of the rising. While these troops and their equipment were of fundamental value to the Nationalists, their presence forced the participating military high commands to reevaluate carefully their positions and intentions.

Rural development in tropical Africa is taking place on two broad fronts. First, there are the major schemes of improvement inspired by the economic planners of government or international agencies. These range in size from a few massive resettlement projects, such as those associated with major dams (the Kariba or the Volta), to the medium-scale exercises in improved agriculture, co-operative farming and village regrouping which are common in most of the newly independent African states. There is a second type of rural development, however, which is much less obvious and goes largely unrecorded. This involves the apparently piecemeal diffusion of minor services—shops, clinics, schools, agricultural demonstration units, transport and marketing facilities—little of which is planned. Even the co-ordination between public and private sectors, and between the government departments involved in the extension of these services, is limited and frequently ineffectual.

Este cuaderno da a conocer el potencial económico que tiene la franja de la economía naranja y cómo esta puede generar un impacto a nivel social, político y económico, para beneficio de todas las personas involucradas en las industrias creativas y culturales. Además, muestra a los lectores la importancia de las PyMEs a nivel nacional e internacional, al ser una base importante para la economía y representar un alto porcentaje en el PIB del país. ; Universidad EAN ; This booklet shows the economic potential of the orange economy and how it can generate a social, political and economic impact for the benefit of all people involved in the creative and cultural industries. In addition, it shows readers the importance of SMEs at the national and international levels, as it is an important base for the economy and represents a high percentage of the country's GDP.

International audience Utilitarianism plays a central role in economics, but there is a gap between theory, where it is dominant, and applications, where monetary criteria are often used. For applications, a key di culty for utilitarianism remains to de ne how utilities should be measured and compared across individuals. Drawing on Harsanyi's approach (Harsanyi, 1955) involving choices in risky situations, we introduce a new normalization of utilities that is the only one ensuring that: 1) a transfer from a rich to a poor is welfare enhancing, and 2) populations with more risk averse people have lower welfare. We embed these requirements in a new characterization of utilitarianism and study some implications of this "fair utilitarianism" for risk sharing, collective risk aversion and the design of health policy. ; URL des Documents de travail : http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/documents-de-travail-du-ces/

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la política exterior brasileña reciente (2003-2013) a partir del tradicional concepto de autonomía. Como evidencia el artículo,para lograr un mayor margen de maniobra en el sistema internacional la política exterior de Brasil se sustentó en tres estrategias o ejes autonómicos como el soft balancing, la unidad colectiva y la diversificación de relaciones exteriores ; This article analyses the current Brazilian foreign policy (2003-2013) based on the traditional concept of autonomy. As evidence the article to achieve a greater margin of maneuver in the international system, Brazil's foreign policy was based on three autonomics strategies or axes: the soft balancing, collective unity and the diversification of foreign relations ; Fil: Actis, Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales. Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

"May 2006" ; "This report presents findings from the 2005 Vietnam Population and AIDS Indicator Survey (VPAIS) carried out by the General Statistical Office (GSO) and the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE). ORC Macro provided technical assistance for the survey through the USAID-funded MEASURE DHS program, which is designed to assist developing countries to collect data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS. Technical assistance was also provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Global AIDS Program (CDC/GAP). Financial support was provided by the Government of Vietnam, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Global AIDS Program (CDC/GAP)." -- t.p. verso ; Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (6.33 MB, 165 p.).

Given the commonly accepted view that having a mathematically well-educated populace is strategically important, there is considerable international interest in raising attainment, and increasing participation, in post-compulsory mathematics education. In this article I develop multi-level models using datasets from the UK Department for Education's National Pupil Database (NPD) in order to explore 1) school effects upon student progress in mathematics from age 11-16 in England, and 2) student participation in advanced level mathematics over the following two years. These analyses highlight between-school variation in the difference between mathematical and general academic progress. Furthermore, the between–school differences in post-compulsory mathematics participation are large. Importantly, there is no evidence to suggest that schools/departments with higher 'contextual value added' from 11-16, a key measure in government accountability processes in England, are also more effective in recruiting and retaining students in post-16 advanced mathematics courses.

The implementation of a diplomacy that could put more emphasis on democracy and human rights was not an easy process in Belgium. Treatment of these matters have taken a different perspective in Zaïre, Rwanda and Burundi, Belgium 's three most important African partners. Reasons for that are twofold. Fore one thing, the Belgian foreign affairs service has always been overloaded by mercantile preoccupations. Secondly, knowledge on Africa has been limited to short circle diplomatic contacts while no instruments were ever implemented that could have ensured some following up of the African civil society at large.In the future, the continuation for a slow process of disengagement might be foreseable. New "partners" might come to the forefront such as South Africa while the U.S. and international financial organisations will definitely try to impose "good governance" together with a reasonable dose of human rights.

Samoa is one of the many small developing countries that are now joining the international call to strengthen local government in a global effort to advance this institution as a recognized force for positive development, especially with respect to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Part of the process includes the introduction of good governance practices through capacity building in order for local government to become proficient in managing resources and to be efficient and effective in service delivery. Accountability and transparency are central to the capacity building process. This paper finds that these central principles of good governance are neither novel nor foreign to the cultural and social practices of local government in Samoa. Hence, it is argued that any attempt to build the capacity of local government in Samoa should involve enhancing and embracing those established cultural measures that underpin accountability and transparency

"The objective of this report is to provide BLM [Bureau of Land Management] personnel with the latest and most up-to-date information on rare or endangered species occurring on the public domain." ; "TN 167." ; "Date issued: 11/15/1972." ; "Filing code: 6601." ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references (pages 31-35). ; Species description -- Distribution, present and former -- Status and population trend -- Life history -- Reproduction -- Habitat requirements -- Protective measures instituted -- Identification of limiting factors -- Recommended species and habitat management techniques -- Ongoing research projects -- Authorities -- Governmental, private and international organizations actively involve with this species' welfare -- Listing of photographic material available for duplication -- Falconry. ; "The objective of this report is to provide BLM [Bureau of Land Management] personnel with the latest and most up-to-date information on rare or endangered species occurring on the public domain." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Constructivist theories from International Relations have long been interested in the European Union and its identity. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies from the critical constructivist strand which, unlike its conventional counterpart, tries to explain how identities are created by discourse. This study seeks to explain how European identity is constructed and reinforced by the EU's cultural heritage policy, using The European Heritage Label as case study. This initiative's 48 selection panel reports, 38 promotional videos, and 10 site descriptions were used as data. The methodological approach employed was qualitative with Topoi Analysis as a sub-category of Critical Discourse Analysis. The results show that the EU's cultural heritage policy reinforces the categories of inclusive identity, while at the same time, but with less frequency, also constructs a more exclusive European identity. These findings have relevant implications for theory, future research, and the EU itself.

Comunicació presentada a: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2016, celebrada del 25 l 28 de setembre de 2016 a Phoenix, Estats Units d'Amèrica. ; We propose a fast, local denoising method where the Euclidean curvature of the noisy image is approximated in a regularizing manner and a clean image is reconstructed from this smoothed curvature. User preference tests show that when denoising real photographs with actual noise our method produces results with the same visual quality as the more sophisticated, nonlocal algorithms Non-local Means and BM3D, but at a fraction of their computational cost. These tests also highlight the limitations of objective image quality metrics like PSNR and SSIM, which correlate poorly with user preference. ; This work was supported by the European Research Council, Starting Grant ref. 306337, by the Spanish government, grant ref. TIN2015-71537-P, and by the Icrea Academia Award.

The multi-faceted problem of local government finance has attracted increasing attention in the new millennium. The reasons for the renewed interest in this thorny question are comparatively straightforward. In the first place, for the past two decades all public sector institutions have been profoundly affected by the twin revolutions simultaneously sweeping the world – the globalization of the international economy and the information revolution wrought by the computer age – and local government is no exception. Not only have these inexorable forces had dramatic implications for the structure of government as a whole, and relationships between the different tiers of government, but also for service provision and public finance, including local public finance. Secondly, substantially heightened demands on local government, together with limited access to adequate funding, have seen the genesis of a deepening crisis in the financial sustainability of local government entities.

Concordat – legal instrument regulating relations between state and the Catholic Church As a legal instrument the concordat is closely related to the European culture and tradition. It has its origins in the idea of dualism of politics and religion which accompanied the onset of Christianity in the Roman Empire. As an institution it came into existence in the Middle Ages and evolved considerably over the centuries. The international codification of human rights as well as the doctrinal output of the Vatican Council II exerted considerable influence on the present shape of the concordat. Today it serves as a tool for regulating the relations between the state and the Roman Catholic Church which is represented by the Holy See. The concordat aims to define more precisely the guarantee of religious freedom in both the individual and the community dimension in the way adapted to the needs of a particular country.

This book compares reform trends in Australia and Canada's local government systems over the past two decades, with attention to the impact of globalization on local governments, their bureaucracies, and local democratic accountability. Local governments in Australia and Canada show striking resemblances in relation to history, development, and contemporary issues. This reflects that in both countries, local governments remain an instrument of the states and provinces.The exploration of the connections between globalization and local government is timely given the importance of international influences on the economic, social and environmental challenges facing governments. For the local governments discussed in the book, and for many others, economic and fiscal constraints have reduced the sector's ability to meet community expectations while also responding to growing competitiveness across jurisdictions. These pressures have highlighted the benefits of encouraging regional and local differentiation, and giving prominence to 'place' in policy and management designs and practices.