Suchergebnisse

La question de l'industrialisation dans le contexte particulier d'une économie rentière peut être appréhendée de façon particulièrement féconde à travers l'analyse de la combinaison des formes institutionnelles considérées comme fondamentales par l'Ecole de la régulation. Par rapport à la théorie dominante du dutch disease, l'approche par la régulation présente l'avantage d'avoir une portée plus générale puisque le phénomène du syndrome hollandais correspond en fait à une configuration particulière de la combinaison institutionnelle d'ensemble, particularité qui se lit notamment au niveau du mode d'insertion internationale à travers le taux de change. Après une caractérisation des évolutions qui ont eu lieu, ces deux dernières décennies, dans les configurations concrètes de chacune des formes institutionnelles, on se propose de mettre en relief la dimension institutionnelle de la question de l'industrialisation à travers l'examen de l'impact de chacune des formes institutionnelles sur le développement d'une industrie manufacturière en Algérie.

International audience ; La question que pose et à laquelle tente de répondre cette communication est politique, mais elle cherche à mettre à distance l'apologie des mathématiques et la prescription d'une manière de les enseigner, en montrant comment les travaux de recherche connus permettent au moins de dire ce qui serait possible et ce qui serait dommageable. On essaie d'abord de montrer ce que pourraient être des raisons d'être de la discipline mathématique à l'école élémentaire commune, c'est-à-dire à l'Ecole et au Collège (élèves de 6 ans à 15 ans), avant de montrer rapidement ce que ces choix pourraient produire comme enseignement spécialisé dans les filières des lycées d'enseignement général, technique, professionnel. C'est une première réflexion, modeste et incomplète, qui n'a d'autre but que de fournir des éléments pour un débat vaste et complexe mais aujourd'hui particulièrement sensible puisque les programmes de l'école sont en question.

International audience ; L'application du développement durable dessine une confrontation entre utilitaristes et conservationnistes. Cela est particulièrement évident lorsque les décisions à prendre affectent des structures socio-spatiales existantes. En conséquence, comprendre l'inscription territoriale du développement durable est une question complexe et cruciale qui concerne les responsabilités environnementales des organisations et des firmes. Ce texte tente d'en décrypter les tenants et les aboutissants en prenant appui sur deux cas : les écolabels et les Quotas Individuels Transférables (QIT). Abstract : Application of sustainable development arouses an argument opposing a utilitarian standpoint and a conservationist standpoint. The opposition is obvious when considering decisions that affects preexistent socio-spatial structures. Therefore, understanding the territorial embedment of sustainable development is a complex yet crucial issue which address organizations and firms environmental responsibility. This article is an attempt to encompass this question through two cases: ecolabelling and Trawl Individual Quotas (TIQs).

International audience ; L'application du développement durable dessine une confrontation entre utilitaristes et conservationnistes. Cela est particulièrement évident lorsque les décisions à prendre affectent des structures socio-spatiales existantes. En conséquence, comprendre l'inscription territoriale du développement durable est une question complexe et cruciale qui concerne les responsabilités environnementales des organisations et des firmes. Ce texte tente d'en décrypter les tenants et les aboutissants en prenant appui sur deux cas : les écolabels et les Quotas Individuels Transférables (QIT). Abstract : Application of sustainable development arouses an argument opposing a utilitarian standpoint and a conservationist standpoint. The opposition is obvious when considering decisions that affects preexistent socio-spatial structures. Therefore, understanding the territorial embedment of sustainable development is a complex yet crucial issue which address organizations and firms environmental responsibility. This article is an attempt to encompass this question through two cases: ecolabelling and Trawl Individual Quotas (TIQs).

International audience ; The transport system plays an important role in the tourism destinations development. A High Speed Railway authorizes the reduction in the transport costs and can be a tool of development of the tourism destinations by allowing the improvement in accessibility. Nevertheless, this improvement is often synonymous with reinforcement of spatial competition between tourism destinations. The new economic geography models show that agglomeration and dispersion forces determine the spatial structure of economy. These two opposing forces are influenced by transport costs. A decrease in transport costs can reinforce the concentration of the economic activities. A prospective analysis investigating the case of the forthcoming South European HSR lines between Perpignan and Barcelona shows that the increased spatial competition may reinforce the phenomenon of the tourism activities agglomeration around Barcelona to the detriment of Perpignan. The tourism products differentiation is one solution for Perpignan to confront the agglomeration forces.

International audience ; Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre les concepts de paternité et de patriarcat ainsi que leurs mutations contemporaines. La prétention n'est pas d'articuler les différentes théories du patriarcat ou des rôles parentaux, mais plutôt d'articuler la réalité empirique et les représentations changeantes de la paternité avec le concept de patriarcat. Nos analyses sont ancrées en sociologie de la famille et des rapports sociaux de sexes; elles s'inspirent de plusieurs recherches empiriques sur la transformation des rôles parentaux (Côté, 2006, 2004, 2002, 2000). Le sujet abordé dans cet article en est un de discussion courante et fait l'objet de nombreuses interventions et politiques publiques. Il s'agit aussi d'un sujet hautement normatif; en effet, la nécessité d'une famille fonctionnelle pour le sain développement d'un enfant est au coeur de différents discours sociaux, religieux et scientifiques et des croyances profondes de la majorité d'entre nous.

In spite of contradicting the concept "low intensity conflicts," the military occupations of Iraq & Afghanistan are strongly influenced by the older concepts "small wars" & "low footprint interventions." In this article the author outlines the development of the concept "asymmetric war." It is argued that asymmetric warfare has been an element of Western military strategies throughout the 20th century -- long before the end of the block confrontation of the Cold War & the emergence of so called "new wars." In the context of asymmetric conflicts, the author identifies three tendencies of state warfare: 1. A reorientation from military issues to a focus on controlling the population; 2. The irregularization of state violence, implying a rupture of laws & international conventions; and, 3. The outsourcing of warfare to irregular, but allied, forces, such as: private military companies, militias, paramilitary groups, warlords & even organized crime. Adapted from the source document.

This report presents an analysis of the fiscal condition of the City of Milwaukee government, applying a professional financial evaluation system of the International City/County Management Association (ICMA). The city conducted this type of analysis internally during the 1990s, but it has done nothing similar this decade. In March 2009, the Forum released an evaluation of the finances of Milwaukee County also using the ICMA methodology. Milwaukee's city government currently is experiencing serious financial difficulties. The recession hit Milwaukee hard, as it has the region and state, and the negative impact on Milwaukee's businesses and property values has had financial repercussions on city coffers. In addition, the massive decline in stock prices has devalued pension investments. While ranked the second most secure public pension fund in the nation prior to the economic downturn, Milwaukee's pension fund now has an unfunded liability of more than $700 million.

Emergency contraception (EC) has been around for decades, but the first serious introduction and scale-up efforts started in the mid 1990's. This paper reviews programmatic experiences that sought to expand access to emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) in Africa, Asia and Latin America over the last decade. This multiregional review identifies the individual phases of the introductory processes as well as facilitators and barriers to successful scale-up of ECP service provision. Characteristics of successful projects included conduction of multi-sector diagnostic assessments; careful consideration of legal and policy issues; collaborative advocacy and technical assistance for inclusion in public family planning programs by national and international institutions; as well as attention to programmatic areas such as capacity-building, supply-chain and awareness-raising. Lessons learned from varied developing country experiences are discussed as is the need for increased attention to evaluating and disseminating project results.

This study is a content analysis of the coverage of the war in Kosovo by three major American magazines - Time, Newsweek, and US News & World Report. American and independent international official documents show that the Kosovo conflict was a civil war between Kosovo's Serbian population supported by the Yugoslavian government and an Albanian nationalist terrorist organization (KLA). The main question of this study is: Did the American media tell this story correctly? The general hypothesis of this study was that the photo coverage of the war had been imbalanced with apparent bias against the Serbs. The hypothesis was statistically supported. A theoretical explanation for similar types of situations is offered in the discussion section. The author refers to this phenomenon as the media agitation mode and identifies eight main characteristics of such situations. The theory of supply and demand of political news is also introduced in this article.

Philosophers from many different countries came to Hiroshima, Japan, in the summer of 2007 to discuss the problems of war and peace on the occasion of the Seventh World Congress of the International Society for Universal Dialogue (ISUD). The theme was After Hiroshima: Collective Memory, Philosophical Reflection and World Peace. The essays included in this volume were originally presented at that conference and reflect some of the aspects of these discussions.In the first three parts of this introductory essay, I will address ideas conveyed by discussions during the Hiroshima conference regarding an open history, as well as various aspects of violence‐prone globalization and its challenges to ethics and to peace. Then, within this context, the fourth part of this introduction will provide a brief review of some of the main themes arising out of the conference and elaborated in the essays of the volume.

This article explores whether and how the biotechnologization process that the fuel-plant Jatropha curcas is undergoing might strengthen local sustainable development. It focuses on the ongoing efforts of the multi-stakeholder network Gota Verde to harness Jatropha within local small-scale production systems in Yoro, Honduras. It also looks at the genomics research on Jatropha conducted by the Dutch research institute Plant Research International, specifically addressing the ways in which that research can assists local development in Honduras. A territorial approach is applied for analysis employing a three domain concept (local sustainable biotechnological development) of territory, technology and re-territorialization. The article suggests that, although the biotechnologization process (through genomics) of Jatropha within the socio-technical framework of the institute and multi-stakeholder networks is an ongoing process––and different trajectories are, therefore, still open––the process can, nevertheless, strengthen local sustainable development.

This article examines the sociopolitical conditions for preventing market failure in public goods investment. Based on International Social Survey Program data for 17 advanced industrialized countries, the author compares economies with strong and weak institutions of interfirm coordination in how they encourage investment in skills and technological innovation and highlight the inefficiency of alternative investment strategies that bypass cooperation. With weak coordination, firms underinvest in skills and the labor market relies on academic education as an alternative, resulting in underutilization of human capital. Innovation intensifies skill demands and can reduce overeducation. However, without cooperation, firms also underinvest in research and development, and the economy relies on innovation from outside the firm, which reduces its effectiveness in alleviating overeducation. In countries with weak interfirm coordination, the economy suffers simultaneously from deficient skills, underused academic qualifications, and technological innovations with limited human capital benefits for the labor force.

AbstractVenerable Hong Choon (1907–90) made eight visits to China between 1982 and 1990. During these visits, the Venerable met national and religious leaders, made pilgrimages to sacred Buddhist sites, helped to restore the monasteries associated with his master Venerable Hui Quan, and officiated at religious ceremonies. This study aims to examine the diplomatic significance of Venerable Hong Choon's visits to China. It positions these religious exchanges within the broader context of Singapore–China relations since the reopening of China in the late 1970s, and argues that Buddhism played a role in fostering international relations between the two countries in the period prior to the official establishment of diplomatic ties. In the absence of formal diplomatic channels between Singapore and China, Venerable Hong Choon's religious visits could thus be seen as a form of informal diplomacy with the aim of confidence building.

We examine technology spillovers to Uruguayan manufacturing firms through imports, foreign direct investment (FDI) and learning by exporting, for the period 1997-2001. This work provides evidence of the dynamic gains from trade openness for a small developing country, analysing simultaneously the various possible channels of international technology diffusion at the firm level. We find evidence of positive effects on production of imported intermediates and backward linkages with foreign firms. On the other hand there is evidence of negative effects of multinational presence at the industry level, while results for exporting are mixed. Finally, the results would indicate that absorptive capacity matters to take advantage of increased openness and FDI, so policies aimed to improve absorptive capacity such as investing in R&D and improving the skills of workers through training are likely to play a role in facilitating knowledge spillovers.