Suchergebnisse

We review ten international studies of the attainments of boys and girls in science from 1960 through 2006. In general, boys achieved higher average test scores than girls from the age of 10 years in the earlier studies, but this advantage had disappeared for 10-15 year olds in the years 2003- 2006. All the studies of 18 years found that boys had higher average attainment that girls. The boys' advantage is greatest in physics and smallest in biology. Boys have greater variability than girls. The reasons for the higher scores of boys may lie in greater interest in science and, among older adolescents, in greater mathematical ability. Adapted from the source document.

In terms of the numbers of professional social scientists & social science publications, the social sciences are thriving in Japan because of the expansion of higher education & the high literacy rate of the Japanese public. Problems still exist; before these can be discussed, it is necessary to present a brief historical background of the social sciences in Japan from the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) to the post-war period. The present institutional framework of social science education & research (mainly in the U's) is described. Some of the current issues with regard to the development of the social sciences in Japan are: (1) insufficiency of research funding, (2) excessive reliance on government sources (as opposed to nongovernmental foundations) for funding, (3) rigidity of the faculty system which prevents the establishment of some of the newer disciplines such as cultural anthropology & international relations, & (4) lack of knowledge outside Japan of the work of Japanese social scientists since their works are not published in English. Perspectives for the future are discussed. J. N. Mayer.

This book presents a collection of papers written by researchers, teachers, administrators, analysts and graduate students working and doing research in the field of social sciences. The scientific studies include a wide range of topics from the analysis of social science textbooks to the teacher image in newspapers, the relationship between self-efficacy and cognitive level and the role of organizational silence on the loneliness of academics in work life

How do Filipinos remember their history? To date this question still has no systematic answer. This article provides quantitative, descriptive results from two nationally representative surveys that show how Filipinos view three of the country's major historical events: the Spanish colonization of the Philippines; martial law under President Ferdinand Marcos; and the 1986 People Power Revolution. The descriptive results include several takeaways, including: first, the modal response towards all three events was indifference (versus positive or negative feelings); second, positive feelings towards martial law were highest among those who were alive at that time; third, the distribution of feelings towards these historical events was similar across individuals with different educational achievement; and finally, a surprising proportion of respondents expressed positive feelings towards both martial law and People Power. We discuss the potential limitations of our study and conclude by considering the implications of these results for the Philippines' contemporary politics. (Contemp Southeast Asia/GIGA)