Suchergebnisse

Käsityöläisten yrittäjäkulttuuri Itämeren alueen kaupungeissa 1350-1620 Väitöskirjassani tutkin käsityöläisten yrittäjäkulttuuria Itämeren alueen kaupungeissa myöhäiskeskiajalla ja uuden ajan alussa. Käsityötuotanto tapahtui kodin yhteydessä olevassa verstaassa ja se oli yleensä perheen yhteinen bisnes. Käsityöläiset olivat järjestäytyneet ammattialoittain ammattikuntiin, joilla jokaisella oli omat sääntönsä. Käsityöläisammattikunnat läpäisivät elämän jokaisen osa-alueen: ne hallitsivat työmarkkinoita, järjestivät ammatillista koulutusta, osallistuivat kaupungin sotilaalliseen puolustukseen, huolehtivat osaltaan oikeudenhoidosta ja monista hallinnollisista asioista, ylläpitivät kaupunkirauhaa, järjestivät köyhäinhoitoa, tarjosivat jäsenilleen sosiaalista yhdessäoloa sekä jopa mahdollisuuden uskonnollisen hartauden osoittamiseen pitämällä yllä alttareita kirkoissa. Ammattikuntien merkitys jokapäiväiselle elämälle oli kiistaton. Tutkimuksessa selvitän, mitkä olivat yrittäjäkulttuurin keskeisimmät elementit, arvot ja toimintatavat. Yrittäjäkulttuuria tarkastelen käsityöläisleskien kautta: mitkä olivat käsityöläisleskien mahdollisuudet jatkaa ammatissaan miehensä kuoltua ja käyttivätkö he näitä mahdollisuuksia hyödykseen. Tutkimus keskittyy Tukholman, Tallinnan, Riian ja Lyypekin kaupunkeihin noin vuosina 1350−1620. Aiemmassa tutkimuksessa tuon ajan yrittäjäkulttuuri ja ammattikuntalaitosjärjestelmä on nähty staattisena rakennelmana, joka ei pystynyt sopeutumaan muutoksiin ja joka vahvisti patriarkaalista yhteiskuntajärjestystä sekä pyrki rajoittamaan naisten työntekoa. Tutkimukseni haastaa tämän näkemyksen ja tarjoaa uudenlaisen tulkinnan. Sen mukaan ammattikunnat tarjosivat leskille useita mahdollisuuksia jatkaa perheyrityksen pyörittämistä miesmestarin kuoltua. Yleisin ammattikunnan tarjoamista mahdollisuuksista oli vuoden ja päivän aikaraja, jonka umpeuduttua lesken olisi luovuttava ammatistaan tai siirrettävä mestarinoikeudet pojalleen tai uudelle aviomiehelle. Monet lesket jatkoivat kuitenkin ammatissaan vuosia piittaamatta virallisista säädöksistä. Tämä todistaa, että lesket olivat kiinteä osa tuon ajan kaupunkien yrittäjäkulttuuria, eikä naisjohtoisia käsityöläisverstaita pidetty mitenkään outoina. Tutkimukseni myös paljasti, että oman edun tavoittelu meni usein ammattikunnan edun edelle, vaikka aikakausi on mielletty kollektiivisuuden ajaksi. Käsityöläisten yrittäjäkulttuuri olikin täynnä ristiriitoja: toisaalta pyrittiin takaamaan samat edut ja ammatinharjoittamisen edellytykset kaikille ammattikunnan jäsenille, mutta silti sosiaaliset erot ammattikunnan sisällä saattoivat olla suuret. Ammattikunnat harjoittivat myös voimakasta suojelupolitiikkaa, protektionismia, turvatakseen yhteiset edut. Toisaalta ne loivat hyvin joustavia käytäntöjä ja sääntöjä, jotka tarjosivat pelivaraa ja mahdollistivat kilpailun ammattikunnan sisällä. Kaikki nämä toimet tähtäsivät tuotannon jatkuvuuteen; mestarin sukupuoli oli toissijaista. Tutkimukseni tuo ilmi, että näinkin kaukainen yrittäjäkulttuuri piti sisällään paljon sellaisia elementtejä, jotka yleensä yhdistetään nykypäivän markkinatalousyhteiskuntiin eikä myöhäiskeskiajan ja uuden ajan alun talousjärjestelmiin. Väitöskirjani tarjoaa ensimmäistä kertaa laajan vertailevan tutkimuksen Itämeren alueen kaupunkien käsityöläiskulttuurista ja lesken asemasta. Lisäksi se yhdistää eri näkökulmia uudella tavalla, sillä hansakaupunkien käsityöläisiä ei aiemmin ole tarkasteltu yrittäjyyden, taloushistorian ja sukupuolihistorian näkökulmista. Tutkimukseni tarjoaa täysin uuden lähestymistavan hansa-alueen kaupunkihistoriaan, sillä aiempi hansatutkimus on keskittynyt lähinnä tarkastelemaan hansaliittoa taloudellisena ja poliittisena mahtina tai käsitellyt kauppiaita ja heidän verkostojaan. ; In this dissertation I study craft trade culture in late medieval and early modern cities bordering the Baltic Sea. Research focuses on four urban communities, namely on Stockholm, Tallinn, Riga, and Lübeck. In all these cities craftsfolk formed one fourth of the inhabitants as well as the so-called middle class of the citizens. Additionally, craft organizations penetrated all spehers of life in urban settlements: they dominated labour market, influenced town topography, organized military troops, took care of juridical and administrative tasks, organized professional training, and together with merchants governed the economic sector. In addition, crafts organized poor relief, free time, and some crafts even took care of religious and devotional activities. In this research craft trade is studied from economic and gender history viewpoints. Special emphasis is on the possibilities of artisan widows to continue their trade after their husband had died. This study provides for the first time an extensive comparison of craft trade culture in four Baltic Sea cities. Furthermore, it combines two perspectives, rarely applied together in the field of craft and guild studies. In addition, the study covers the time period of circa 1350−1620, hence transcending the usual boundaries between medieval and early modern era in historical research. The essential elements of craft trade culture are traced from three different angles. Firstly, the various urban organizations are examined, differentiated, and categorized. My hypothesis is that the possibilities of widows to carry on depended on the organization type. In previous research the various urban organizations, guilds, crafts, and devotional guilds or confraternities have not always been differentiated, which has led to misinterpretations about the position of women within these organizations. The categorization is based on my own innovation called tripartite classification. The tripartite classification is both a method of the study as well as a result of a wide-range comparison of the ordinances and statutes of the three organization types. Secondly, the opportunities of artisan widows and the meaning of widowhood in the context of craft trade are examined. Here the viewpoint changes from the organizations to the point of view of the craftsfolk and particularly of artisan widows. By adopting different roles, as mothers and managers of household workshops, widows challenged traditional gender roles. Thus, the widow perspective is fruitful because it helps us to examine how gender relationships were constructed in craft trade culture and what role gender played in it. The normative side is discussed by studying craft ordinances: what options and possibilities did craft ordinances give to widows to continue their trade. In previous research widows' rights articles have been seen as mere restrictions against women's work. I challenge previous research by arguing that widows' rights articles must be seen as opportunities, and hence widows' rights articles ensured legal protection for widows. Thirdly, craft trade culture is studied by taking a closer look at Lübeck. The everyday practice of craftsfolk is examined, with the help of narrative source material. In particular I ask how widows' right articles were applied in practice and what dispute situations can be observed. In addition, the work identity of craftswomen and craftsmen is examined. It is my hypothesis that in previous research gender hierarchies and the masculinity of artisanal world has been overemphasized. Using Lübeck as a case study I shall also examine the interaction between the city council, the crafts, and individual craft members. This is significant because it helps us to detect the dynamics within craft trade culture and how various actors negotiated on norms, rules, values, and their goals. In this study I use both normative source material, craft ordinances and records of the city council, as well as narrative sources, Lübeck petition letters. I have analysed all the preserved craft ordinances from the four cities which stem from the time period of 1350−1620. These 178 craft ordinances built the core of the study, thus they set the framework within which the narrative letters are analysed. The detailed Appendices at the end of the study list all the used craft ordinances, their editions, repository places, and archival signums. This combination of sources offers a good basis to study widows' opportunities in principle and in practice. Moreover, craft ordinances build the context in which the petition letters are analysed. Furthermore, the letters enable a deeper study of contemporary values and mentalities than the craft ordinances. Throughout the study quantitative, qualitative, and linguistic methods are used together with comparison, a case study, and tripartite classification mentioned above. The concept of craft trade culture is understood broadly meaning the system how handicraft production was organized; how various artisans within the same profession were organized into crafts; how craft ordinances regulated various aspects of production and the everyday life of the artisans. In addition, I consider craft trade culture to include a set of norms, values, and practices that guided individual craft members. Gender is understood as a cultural and social construction, which encompasses more than just the physical differences between biological sexes. Biological differences form the base but cultural and social norms and practices that define female and male work, duties, rights, and obligations are more important. An essential element of this social gender is that its definitions vary and change according to time and space. What is feminine and what is masculine can be defined differently in various geographical areas, cultures, social contexts, and religious confessions as well as in various times. Masculinities and femininities also vary according to other categories and attributes such as profession, social status, age, personal character, and marital status, and so forth. Work and particularly work conditions were one of the factors that created, enforced, or diminished gender roles. This study finds that craft trade culture in late medieval and early modern cities bordering the Baltic Sea was flexible and aimed for the continuation of production at several different levels. At the same time craft trade culture was a strongly protectionist culture. Furthermore, within this protectionism there existed elements, which are often used to characterize modern market economies – individual profit seeking and competition. Hence, the study reveals that craft trade culture was full of contradictions. Additionally, within craft trade culture other categories and aims outweighed the gender aspect. It was more important to ensure the continuation of production than fret over the gender of the master. Consequently, widows' rights articles in the craft ordinances were not means to restrict widows' and respectively women's work. Instead, widows' rights articles strove to secure the continuity of production and to protect craft trade production which was based on household workshops. Moreover, as we must abandon the bipolar notion of gender, we must also reject the dichotomy of comparing 'traditional societies' to societies with (free) market economy. The investigation conducted here reveals that craft trade culture was at the same time affected by the aims of the crafts to ensure equal premises and resources for all their members and a common well-being of its members as well as by the competition between craft members and self-interest. The majority of gender and economic historians have underlined the inflexibility of craft organizations arguing that this rigid system hindered the development of market and dynamic economy. However, the current study proves that craft trade culture was a flexible system that adapted to changing conditions and left room for negotiation. In this study I introduce a new approach and classification to urban organization called tripartite classification. According to it, three different organization types existed in late medieval and early modern towns bordering the Baltic Sea: professional crafts, composite artisan guilds and merchant guilds, and devotional organizations, which I call devotional guilds. The analysis in this study demonstrates that the organization type clearly affected not only female membership and widows' possibilities but other questions like political participation, military, and defence as well as religious participation. Craft ordinances granted widows five different possibilities to continue their trade. In previous research particularly the supporters of subordination theory have considered these widows' rights as restrictions. However, the findings of the current study do not support these notions. Widows took advantage of these possibilities and were aware of the rights granted to them in the craft ordinances. Despite the questions that widowhood raised among contemporaries, widows could run their workshops independently and/or with the help of their children and/or hired workforce. Some crafts considered widows capable of training apprentices and at least in some crafts widows participated in craft assemblies and festivities. Furthermore, the analysis of Lübeck petition letters exposes that some widows exceeded the customary time limit granted to them in craft ordinances and continued their trade for several years, even 19. This demonstrates that widows were an integral part of craft trade culture. Moreover, the main aim of craft organizations was not to restrict women's work but to ensure the continuity of craft production and economic welfare of its members.

Foreword by Ira Brenner, M.D. -- On the Mental Representation of History -- Boyond PTSD: From Trauma to Transgenerational Transmission -- The Role of Others in Mental Development -- Varieties of Transgenerational Transmission -- History-Related Unconscious Fantasies -- Case Studies -- Jacob: The Inability to Mourn -- Leo: A Jewish Man Living in Two Worlds -- Uta: A Gypsy Under White Linen -- Sabine: A German Womans Self-Analysis -- The Psychotherapeutic Study Group for People Affected by the Holocaust: Toward Ending the Silence in Germany -- The Use of Third Reich Symbols by Americans Unaffected by the Holocaust -- Therapeutic Considerations -- Different Cases, Different Approaches -- Afterword: Ramifications.

Today, states' ability to borrow private capital depends on stringent evaluations of their creditworthiness. While many presume that this has long been the case, Quentin Bruneau argues that it is a surprisingly recent phenomenon—the outcome of a pivotal shift in the social composition of financial markets.Investigating the financiers involved in lending capital to sovereigns over the past two centuries, Bruneau identifies profound changes in their identities, goals, and forms of knowledge. He shows how an old world made up of merchant banking families pursuing both profit and status gradually gave way to a new one dominated by large companies, such as joint stock banks and credit rating agencies, exclusively pursuing profit. Lacking the web of personal ties to sovereigns across the world that their established rivals possessed, these financial institutions began relying on a different form of knowledge created to describe and compare states through quantifiable data: statistics. Over the course of this epochal shift, which only came to an end a few decades ago, financial markets thus reconceptualized states. Instead of a set of individuals to be known in person, they became numbers on a page. Raising new questions about the history of sovereign lending, this book illuminates the nature of the relationship between states and financial markets today—and suggests that it may be on the cusp of another major transformation

Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals from 1785 is one of the most important and influential texts in the whole history of philosophy. Its central purpose is to develop the categorical imperative. The present collected volume contains papers on central theoretical aspects. Key Features: Contributions from leading international authorities in Kant research A reflection of the current state of research together with new

ITALIANO: Il Regno di Sicilia, in età normanna e sveva, costituisce una realtà politico-amministrativa unitaria, ma assai multiforme nei suoi compositi tratti etnici, sociali e territoriali. Con tale varietà i sovrani dell'Italia meridionale seppero confrontarsi, dando compiuta e piena dimostrazione delle loro qualità politiche e dei loro interessi intellettuali, delineando precisi indirizzi culturali e di governo. Se l'Università di Napoli, fondata nel 1224, rappresentò la piena espressione della volontà e della lungimiranza politica di un grande re e imperatore come Federico II, anche l'attività amministrativa fu un formidabile strumento di regolamentazione istituzionale e ideologica del Regno. Questo è il campo di indagine del presente volume che, in particolare, pone l'attenzione sulle strategie organizzative tanto della cultura quanto della politica. Esse culminarono certamente nei decenni dominati dall'eccezionale figura di Federico II, ma furono predisposte dai suoi immediati predecessori normanni e – proseguite compiutamente dai suoi figli Corrado e Manfredi – non furono del tutto scardinate neanche dai sovrani della dinastia angioina. / ENGLISH: The Kingdom of Sicily, in the Norman and Swabian age, was a unitary political-administrative entity, but very multiform in its composite ethnic, social and territorial features. The Kings of southern Italy were able to deal with this variety: by giving a complete demonstration of their political qualities and intellectual interests, they outlined precise cultural and governmental guidelines. The University of Naples, founded in 1224, represented the full expression of the will and political farsightedness of a great king and emperor like Frederick II, but also the administrative activity was a formidable instrument of institutional and ideological regulation of the Kingdom. This is the field of investigation of this volume which focuses, in particular, on the organizational strategies of both culture and politics. They certainly culminated in the decades dominated by the exceptional figure of Frederick II, but were prepared by his immediate Norman predecessors and – fully continued by his sons Conrad and Manfred – they were not completely unhinged even by the rulers of the Angevin dynasty.

Archives belonging to the Military Archivists System allow to study the Spanish History from every aspect; military, politically, socially, economically and culturally, and from any period, from the Medieval to the present times. These documents can be associated to other Archive Centres, such as the central archives of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. Therefore, with the transcendence of these documents, a big volume is split in different archives. We should be questioning if the Archives are provided with qualified resources and adequate material. In this article, it will be analysed what is the Military Archive Regulation foreseen and examined the degree of compliance using the data provided by the Ministry of Defence through their statistics. ; Los archivos integrantes del Sistema Archivístico de la Defensa permiten estudiar la Historia de España desde todos los aspectos: militar, político, social, económico y cultural, y de cualquier época, desde el medievo hasta la actualidad. Además, se puede relacionar su documentación con otros centros archivísticos, como los archivos estatales del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Por tanto, ante la trascendencia de esta documentación, un gran volumen repartido en diversos archivos, habría que pensar si están debidamente dotados de personal y material. En este capítulo vamos a analizar lo que preveía el Reglamento de Archivos Militares y siguiendo los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Defensa a través de las estadísticas, comprobaremos el grado de cumplimiento./n

The paper aims to grasp the concept of melancholia at the intersection of historical, cultural and sociological perspectives. After providing a brief history of the concept, the article focuses on the relationships between melancholia and nostalgia, drawing particular attention to the temporal regime triggered by the melancholic process and underlining its critical impact in regard to the dominant values of neoliberal society. The paper then aims to map the major inflexions of contemporary melancholia, namely left melancholia and ecomelancholia. Coined by Walter Benjamin, the first emerges from the political defeats of socialism and the failures of any revolutionary inspiration through the history of the twentieth century. The second is triggered by the awareness of the irremediable destruction of a large part of our natural environment. Left melancholia and ecomelancholia are intermingled since they testify to a critical sensibility to the losses caused by the neocapitalism system, whether social loss or environmental loss, the two being linked

Under the omnipresence of surveillance, control and fear of the state as ontological signifiers, not only agency but also subjective and collective memories of people become unspeakable, hidden and veiled. This paper aims to underline the difficulties of doing ethnographic research on the secular Turkish state formation and its diverse apparatuses with a particular focus on the single-party regime that started in 1923 and ended in 1950. This work claims that fear of the state, inaccessibility of the state archives, the inscription of protective laws such as lèse-majesté for founding figures of the state, and the senility of survivors result in muteness, the emergence of politics of forgetting and remembering that diminish the possibility of studying relations between the authoritarian secular state and its Muslim subjects. It is argued that the hegemony of emotions of fear of the state and insecurity have turned historical and ethnographic research on the subject matter into a difficult one. Based on a recently conducted large-scale oral history study in different parts of Turkey, this paper also analyzes the resistance, resilience, and silence of mass Muslim population towards diverse forms of state-sponsored authoritarian secular politics along with western and Turkish nationalist top-down regulations of the new regime. ; WOS:000494078300001 ; 2-s2.0-85074819438

"Seit den 1970er Jahren existieren in den USA Täterprogramme gegen häusliche Gewalt an Frauen. Die Batterer Intervention hat sich als Teil eines engen Kooperationsverbundes (Community Coordinated Response) bewährt. Der Artikel stellt Ansätze aus den USA vor, die mehr Vielfalt hinsichtlich der Methodik, z.B. der Gefährdungsanalyse, und des besonderen Hilfebedarfs für spezielle Tätergruppen postulieren. Die Diskurse in den USA über die Weiterentwicklung der Täterarbeit werden dargestellt, da sie bisher von den deutschsprachigen Fachleuten kaum rezipiert werden." (Autorenreferat)

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- BOX -- FIGURES -- FIGURES -- APPENDIX -- FIGURES -- TABLE -- FIGURES -- TABLE -- FIGURES -- FIGURES -- TABLE -- FIGURES -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- FIGURES -- TABLE -- A. External Sector Development -- 1. Balance of Payment Characteristics 2000, 2005 and 2010-19 -- B. Model-Based Assessment -- 2. Results of the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate Assessment -- Model-Based Real Effective Exchange Rate Assessments -- C. Broader Competitiveness Indicators -- 3. Doing Business Ranking, 2014 -- 4. Now Niger Ranks on Doing Business Topics, 2014 -- 5. The Main Obstacles for Doing Business -- D. Conclusion -- EXTERNAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT -- 1. Baseline vs. Aggressive Public Investment Plans under the Baseline Natural Resource GDP Scenario -- 2. Baseline vs. Aggressive Public Investment Plans under the Adverse Natural Resource GDP Scenario -- Key Model Equations -- REFERENCES -- NATURAL RESOURCE BOOM FOR NIGER: FROM PUBLIC INVESTMENT TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH -- A. Recent Fiscal Situation -- 1. Correlation of Resource Revenue, Expenditure, and Output Gap -- 2. Cross-Country Comparison of Pro-Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in WAEMU+Countries (2008-14) -- B. Level and Efficiency of Spending-Cross-Country Comparison -- 3. Composition of Spending in Initial Budget Law -- 4. Selected Social Indicators (Education) -- 5. Growth Impacts of the Level of Expenditure and Educational Attainment -- 1. Decomposition of Output per Worker -- C. Development Needs and Strategy -- 2. Budget Allocation and Execution of Social Spending -- D. Policy Recommendations -- REFERENCES -- FISCAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT: SPENDING PRIORITY IN NIGER -- A. Introduction -- B. Overview of the Energy Sector -- 1. WAEMU: Total Electricity Net Consumption, 2007-11 -- 2. Energy Intensity versus Primary Energy Consumption, 1980-2011

Este artículo analiza procesos de circulación de políticas urbanas a partir del proyecto Puerto Madero y una serie de intercambios entre expertos y políticos de Barcelona y Buenos Aires. En ese marco, se enfatiza la relevancia de los Estados nacionales en procesos donde se entremezclan proyectos económicos, políticos y técnicos. En segundo lugar, se argumenta que los conflictos son parte inherente de estos procesos. En tercer lugar, se muestra que el análisis de trayectorias es una herramienta útil para abordar e historizar estos procesos y entender por qué los expertos locales deciden 'aprender' de Barcelona. En resumen, el artículo se enfoca en un episodio de historia reciente y argumenta que el abordaje de trayectorias y la consideración del estado en estos procesos pueden enriquecer recientes debates sobre la movilidad de las políticas. ; This article addresses various issues of urban policy circulation, focusing on the Puerto Madero redevelopment project and in exchanges between experts and politicians from Barcelona and Buenos Aires. I emphasize the relevance of national states in processes that merge economic, political, and technical projects. Second, I argue that conflicts are relevant parts of those processes. Third, I show career paths analysis as a relevant tool for analyzing and historicizing these processes. In so doing, I aim to demonstrate why and how local experts chose to learn from Barcelona. In sum, I focus on recent history and argue that both career paths analysis and a substantive consideration of the state in these processes can enrich recent policy mobility literature. ; Fil: Jajamovich, Guillermo Paz. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Why is solitary confinement used in today's world? Does it help the rehabilitation of offenders? And how is policy affected by justification for the use of it? This book is the first to consider the history of solitary confinement and how it is experienced by the individuals undergoing it. Using Merleau-Ponty's concept of embodied subjectivity, it provides first-hand accounts of the inhumane experience of solitary confinement to provide a better appreciation of the relationship between penal strategy and its effect on human beings. Drawing on his own experiences as a Psychological Specialist in the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections and on those interviewed as part of the Guardian 6x9 project (http://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2016/apr/27/6x9-a-virtual-experience-of-solitary-confinement), the author focuses on the phenomenology of solitary confinement to consider what the intentional aspect of this almost uninhabitable type of confinement says about a democratic society that continues to justify its use as a correctional strategy. Aiming to influence policy, the book fills the gap between the practice of solitary confinement and its implications, as well as the social attitudes that uncritically condone its use

"This book explores the articulation between "accent" and ethnic identification in K'ichee', a Mayan language spoken by more than one million people in the western highlands of Guatemala. Based on years of ethnographic work, it is the first anthropological examination of the social meaning of dialectal difference in any Mayan language. Romero deconstructs essentialist perspectives on ethnicity in Mesoamerica and argues that ethnic identification among the highland Maya is multiple and layered, the result of a diverse linguistic precipitate created by centuries of colonial resistance.In K'ichee', dialect stereotypes--accents--act as linguistic markers embodying particular ethnic registers. K'ichee' speakers use and recombine their linguistic repertoire--colloquial K'ichee', traditional K'ichee' discourse, colloquial Spanish, Standard Spanish, and language mixing--in strategic ways to mark status and authority and to revitalize their traditional culture. The book surveys literary genres such as lyric poetry, political graffiti, and radio broadcasts, which express new experiences of Mayan-ness and anticolonial resistance. It also takes a historical perspective in examining oral and written K'ichee' discourses from the sixteenth to the twenty-first centuries, including the famous chronicle known as the Popol Vuh, and explores the unbreakable link between language, history, and culture in the Maya highlands. "--

Theorizing death and loss. Death and community / Margaret Gibson ; Contemporary cultures of memorialization : blending social inventiveness and conformity? / Jenny Hockey ; (Un)regulating bereavement / Arnar Árnason ; Promoting the self through the arts : the transformation of private testimony into public witnessing / Naomi Richards ; Involvement and empowerment at the end of life : overcoming the barriers / Peter Beresford and Suzy Croft ; Reviving sociability in contemporary cultural practices and concepts of death in Hong Kong / Wing-hoi Chan -- Principles into practice. The shameful death : implications for public health / Steve Conway ; A history of the Project on Death in America : programmes, outputs, impacts / David Clark ; Resilient communities / Allan Kellehear and Barbara Young ; Transition from conventional to health-promoting palliative care : an Australian case study / John Rosenberg and Patsy Yates ; Neighbourhood Network in Palliative Care : a public health approach to the care of the dying / Suresh Kumar ; Liberating dying people and bereaved families from the oppression of death and loss in Chinese societies : a public health approach / Andy Hau Yan Ho and Cecilia Lai Wan Chan ; Letting it out of the cage : death education and community involvement / Nigel Hartley ; Spirituality and community practice / Bruce Rumbold, Fiona Gardner, and Irene Nolan

International audience ; In order to understand the relationships between a French colonial medical review (first seen as a mean of disseminating knowledge) and a colonial empire (taken as a political framework requiring a positioning of the actors involved), we test the validity and draw the lines of the concept of actors and network. These concepts, legitimate under certain conditions, will help us in better identifying/defining the intentions, roles and means of the different types of actors that constitute a network. They will also enable us to better understand the creation, funding, direction, longevity, distribution and editorial choices of this review. Finally, it will be an opportunity to propose a large number of leads for eventual investigations which can interest both the history of science and knowledge and colonial history, and hopefully, contribute to nurturing exchanges between these different fields of historiography. ; Afin de comprendre les relations entre une revue médicale coloniale française (vue d'abord comme un moyen de diffusion des savoirs) et un empire colonial (pris comme cadre politique nécessitant un positionnement des acteurs), nous testons la validité et traçons les limites du concept d'acteurs et de réseau. Ces concepts – légitimes à certaines conditions – vont nous aider à mieux cerner les intentions, les rôles et les moyens des différents types d'acteurs qui constituent un réseau. Ils vont nous permettre aussi de mieux comprendre la création, le financement, la direction, la longévité, la diffusion et les choix éditoriaux de cette revue. Ce sera enfin l'occasion de proposer un grand nombre de pistes d'investigation pouvant intéresser à la fois l'histoire des sciences et des savoirs et l'histoire coloniale et, nous l'espérons, contribuer à alimenter les échanges entre ces différents domaines de l'historiographie.