Suchergebnisse

In Shelby County v. Holder (570 U.S. 529 (2013)), the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the "coverage formula" in Section 4b of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) that determined which jurisdictions had to presubmit changes in their election policies for federal approval. This ruling allowed covered counties full control over their election laws for the first time in 40 years. We engage the question of whether counties that had previously been "covered" purged voters at a higher rate than noncovered counties after the coverage formula was struck down. We find increases in purge rate of between 1.5 and 4.5 points in formerly covered jurisdictions post- Shelby, compared with counties that had not been subject to preclearance. Most of the increase came immediately, as the effect in 2014 is substantively and significantly higher than that in 2016. These findings suggest that while counties may have aggressively purged voters in 2014—the first election after the coverage formula's demise—they may have tempered this behavior thereafter.

This viewpoint presents insights on designing, engaging with and researching multi-stakeholder engagement spaces based on the experience of the ARTS project (2014–2016), active in five European cities also relevant for a broader European scale. We argue that those spaces represent an important new instrument of participatory governance that can elucidate the way different actors like community initiatives relate to and employ planning and policy contexts for working towards sustainable urban futures. The multi-stakeholder engagement spaces are analyzed regarding three functions they fulfill: co-creating new knowledge for action, making sense of contemporary transitions, and, exploring how sustainable solutions impact transitions. The lessons learned focus on the roles of different actors within those spaces as well as the link between the multi-stakeholder engagement spaces and a broader local context. We name three caveats including deeply entrenched mistrust between local transition initiatives and local government representatives, existing power imbalances and inclusivity.

Cet article analyse les relations médicales soviéto-tchécoslovaques pendant la guerre froide à travers une étude de cas d'une approche de la gestion de la douleur lors de la grossesse. Développée en URSS et popularisée en Occident sous le nom de méthode Lamaze, la psychoprophylaxie utilise des techniques de respiration et de relaxation pour combattre ces douleurs. Par loyauté, les Tchécoslovaques se sont associés aux efforts soviétiques pour prouver l'efficacité de cette méthode. Malgré des points de convergence, leurs programmes de recherche ont divergé de manière significative, suggérant un degré d'autonomie nationale. Des chercheurs soviétiques et tchécoslovaques ont montré un intérêt considérable pour les travaux menés de l'autre côté du rideau de fer, en particulier en France et aux États-Unis.