In: Tjong Kim Sang , E , Esteve Del Valle , M , Kruitbosch , H & Broersma , M 2018 , ' Active Learning for Classifying Political Tweets ' , International Science and General Applications , vol. 1 , no. March , pp. 60-67 . ; ISSN:2351-8715
We examine methods for improving models for automatically labeling social media data. In particular we evaluate active learning: a method for selecting candidate training data whose labeling the classification model would benefit most of. We show that this approach requires careful ex-periment design, when it is combined with language modeling
Previous research showed that political trust declines when politicians debate in uncivil ways. This article extends this research by analyzing how the news media's tendency to focus on and even overstate incivility in post-debate coverage affects political trust and the news media's own credibility. The results of two preregistered survey experiments show that politicians' use of incivility decreases their perceived trustworthiness. The effects of incivility-focused news coverage on politicians' perceived trustworthiness are more mixed with one experiment revealing a negative effect and one revealing no significant effect. Both experiments furthermore show that incivility-focused coverage decreases the news media's own credibility.
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many leaders claimed that their public health policy decisions were 'following the science'; however, the literature on evidence-based policy problematises the idea that this is a realistic or desirable form of governance. This article examines why leaders make such claims using Christopher Hood's (2011) blame avoidance theory. Based on a qualitative content analysis of two national newspapers in each of Australia, Canada and the UK, we gathered and focused on unique moments when leaders claimed to 'follow the science' in the first six months of the pandemic. We applied Hood's theory to identify the types of blame avoidance strategies used for issues such as mass event cancellation, border closures, face masks, and in-person learning. Politicians most commonly used 'follow the science' to deflect blame onto processes and people. When leaders' claims to 'follow the science' confuse the public as to who chooses and who should be held accountable for those decisions, this slogan risks undermining trust in science, scientific advisors, and, at its most extreme, representative government. This article addresses a gap in the literature on blame avoidance and the relationship between scientific evidence and public policy by demonstrating how governments' claims to 'follow the science' mitigated blame by abdicating responsibility, thus risking undermining the use of scientific advice in policymaking.
Résumé Les ong qui travaillent dans le domaine de la biodiversité au Vietnam coopèrent souvent avec les chercheurs autochtones des sciences de la nature, ce qui est normal. Elles négligent souvent les chercheurs en sciences sociales, ou se servent d'eux pour des expertises de faisabilité. D'autre part, les recherches en sciences sociales menées par les autochtones négligent aussi le domaine de la nature. Notre article cherche à démontrer qu'il existe des institutions locales qui recoupent les préoccupations globales de la préservation biodiversitaire, mais qu'il y a lieu également de susciter des recherches fondamentales qui permettront de mieux cerner l'évolution du concept de la nature chez les Vietnamiens, à travers l'histoire notamment.
History often repeats itself as so popularly said. In the twelfth century, Britain witnessed a chaotic time not unlike it had before in the past. King Stephen of Blois was caught in a battle of succession with his cousin Matilda. Under his reign many problems in Britain's social and political sphere emerged and erupted into a mess of civil war, instability, and poor government. It was in this time that a Welsh-Norman scribe, Geoffrey of Monmouth, wrote his magnum opus, "Historia Regum Britanniae." In his work, Geoffrey detailed the accounts of the British kings of the past, and although modern historiography deems his work to be highly inaccurate and even fictional, its significance remains important. As a chronicle of history widely accepted well until the sixteenth century, Geoffrey's "Historia Regum Britanniae" provided the people of medieval Britain insight and reflection to events surrounding their lives. This paper argues that Geoffrey's writing displays a warning for Britain meant to remind peasant and lord alike that history can indeed repeat itself, and in many cases will not always be pleasant. It is essential that changes be made in order to avoid catastrophic events from occurring again.
In: Iberoamericana: Nordic journal of Latin American and Caribbean studies ; revista nordica de estudios latinoamericanos y del Caribe, Band 48, Heft 1, S. 1-11
In: The journal of financial research: the journal of the Southern Finance Association and the Southwestern Finance Association, Band 43, Heft 3, S. 459-489
AbstractUsing U.S. Department of Justice data on state‐level political corruption, we find that banks charge higher loan spreads (all‐in‐drawn spreads) to firms in states with higher corruption and that these effects are more pronounced for firms facing financial constraints but less pronounced for firms experiencing greater external monitoring. These results are robust to additional controls, alternative corruption measures, a measure of the lack of oversight of lobbyist activities, and the use of instrumental variables. Overall, our findings are consistent with the harmful corruption environment hypothesis, which states that banks charge higher loan spreads to firms in states with greater political corruption environments as these firms are susceptible to making suboptimal financial decisions to fend off rent‐seeking behavior.
Using a newly constructed data set of 443 episodes of legislative bargaining between the president & Congress, we evaluate two game theoretic models of political bargaining: Matthews's coordination model & Ingberman & Yao's commitment model. We empirically test whether political rhetoric (i.e., presidential veto threats) are important in bargaining over public policy in the US between 1946 & 1992. The paper provides empirical insight into presidential power & also addresses some difficult issues in the empirical evaluation of formal models with necessary conditions, sufficient conditions, or no stochastic components. We find that the coordination model does a better job than the commitment model of accounting for the data. 2 Tables, 4 Figures, 1 Appendix, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.
The societal evolution since the last decades of 20th century until recently has called for and brought a number of signifi cant political terms into popular usage. This article offers the overview of some relevant new terms, neologisms, in Spanish and the English language, as well as those terms that have acquired new meaning over the given period. The researched terms are subdivided into categories related to spheres of general government policy, environmental policy and family policy. The profound impact of new technologies in the confi guration of current societies through its terminology is also covered. The background political and social context is given for the full understanding of designated concepts. The paper is believed to be of interest not only for teachers/learners of the Spanish and English languages and linguists, but also for students and professionals in the fields of Politics, Public Administration, History and Communication.