Suchergebnisse

The research provides the results of the socio-economic, political and environmental impact of human settlements on the periphery of the city of Cúcuta. The research had a mixed approach, because the descriptive method and the field study were used, allowing to obtain primary information of the subjects through structured surveys applied in the respective locality and consultation with secondary sources. The population corresponds to the families that are located in the periphery of the city of Cúcuta, non-probabilistic sampling was used under the random sampling technique, allowing to select 200 families that meet the characteristics and conditions of the study. It was evidenced a community with vulnerable characteristics generalized by shortcomings of housing structuring and high settlement rate, resulting in abandonment or poor attention by the State, the total absence of public services as basic sanitation, due to the precarious conditions in which the vast majority of the individuals who live there inhabit. All of the family nuclei are made up of single mothers, heads of households with one or three children, who work as independent workers, their level of education is basic and allows them to work in various jobs. The health service is poor, there is no comprehensive social security. Finally, it was found that family members do not have adequate housing conditions, since the vast majority of these have only one room where they perform various activities. ; La investigación proporciona los resultados del Impacto socioeconómico, político y ambiental de los asentamientos humanos en la periferia de la ciudad de Cúcuta. La investigación tuvo un enfoque mixto, porque se utilizó el método descriptivo y el estudio de campo, permitiendo obtener información primaria de los sujetos mediante encuestas estructuradas aplicadas en la localidad respectiva y consulta a fuentes secundarias. La población corresponde a las familias que están ubicadas en la periferia de la ciudad de Cúcuta, se utilizó el muestreo no ...

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, governmental regulations resulted in a lockdown for adults as well as children/adolescents. Schools were closed and contact with other people was limited. In this cross-sectional, population-based study, we aimed to investigate the mental/social health of children/adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Two representative samples of Dutch children/adolescents (8–18 years) before COVID-19 (2018, N = 2401) and during lockdown (April 2020, N = 844) were compared on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) domains: global health, peer relationships, anxiety, depressive symptoms, anger, sleep-related impairment by linear mixed models and calculating relative risks (RR (95% CI)) for the proportion of severe scores. Variables associated with worse mental/social health during COVID-19 were explored through multivariable regression models. The impact of COVID-19 regulations on the daily life of children was qualitatively analyzed. Results: Participants reported worse PROMIS T-scores on all domains during COVID-19 lockdown compared to before (absolute mean difference range 2.1–7.1 (95% CI 1.3–7.9). During lockdown, more children reported severe Anxiety (RR = 1.95 (1.55–2.46) and Sleep-Related Impairment (RR = 1.89 (1.29–2.78) and fewer children reported poor Global Health (RR = 0.36 (0.20–0.65)). Associated factors with worse mental/social health were single-parent family, ≥ three children in the family, negative change in work situation of parents due to COVID-19 regulations, and a relative/friend infected with COVID-19. A large majority (> 90%) reported a negative impact of the COVID-19 regulations on daily life. Conclusion: This study showed that governmental regulations regarding lockdown pose a serious mental/social health threat on children/adolescents that should be brought to the forefront of political decision-making and mental healthcare policy, intervention, and prevention.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, governmental regulations resulted in a lockdown for adults as well as children/adolescents. Schools were closed and contact with other people was limited. In this cross-sectional, population-based study, we aimed to investigate the mental/social health of children/adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Two representative samples of Dutch children/adolescents (8–18 years) before COVID-19 (2018, N = 2401) and during lockdown (April 2020, N = 844) were compared on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) domains: global health, peer relationships, anxiety, depressive symptoms, anger, sleep-related impairment by linear mixed models and calculating relative risks (RR (95% CI)) for the proportion of severe scores. Variables associated with worse mental/social health during COVID-19 were explored through multivariable regression models. The impact of COVID-19 regulations on the daily life of children was qualitatively analyzed. Results: Participants reported worse PROMIS T-scores on all domains during COVID-19 lockdown compared to before (absolute mean difference range 2.1–7.1 (95% CI 1.3–7.9). During lockdown, more children reported severe Anxiety (RR = 1.95 (1.55–2.46) and Sleep-Related Impairment (RR = 1.89 (1.29–2.78) and fewer children reported poor Global Health (RR = 0.36 (0.20–0.65)). Associated factors with worse mental/social health were single-parent family, ≥ three children in the family, negative change in work situation of parents due to COVID-19 regulations, and a relative/friend infected with COVID-19. A large majority (> 90%) reported a negative impact of the COVID-19 regulations on daily life. Conclusion: This study showed that governmental regulations regarding lockdown pose a serious mental/social health threat on children/adolescents that should be brought to the forefront of political decision-making and mental healthcare policy, intervention, and prevention.

The phenomenon of hydrometeorological disasters almost every year occurs in Langsa City. The disaster in losses for the community and the Langsa city government. To reduce the impact of the disaster, it was necessary to prepare the community in synergy with the government. Langsa Lama and Langsa and East Langsa sub-districts are the areas most frequently affected by hydrometeorological disasters, this is in accordance with data obtained from the Langsa City BPBD. The purpose of this study is to determine the awareness and level of sensitivity of the community to the disaster that will be faced, which can later be taken into consideration by the Langsa City government in reducing disaster risk. This research method is descriptive (survey), data obtained from observation and documentation questionnaires. Data processing techniques are carried out using the Gultman scale. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for a change in the education system. Disaster education is carried out by generalizing education intended to increase awareness training for emerging disasters. To achieve success in disaster training, it is important for the central government, local governments and civil society organizations to work in a coordinated manner. Exercises should be carried out periodically in family and community education, volunteer civilian disaster medical assistance teams should be formed in each ward and pro-disaster collection area transferred to families Disaster education is carried out by generalizing education intended to increase awareness training for emerging disasters. To achieve success in disaster training, it is important for the central government, local governments and civil society organizations to work in a coordinated manner. Exercises should be carried out periodically in family and community education, volunteer civilian disaster medical assistance teams should be formed in each ward and pro-disaster collection area transferred to families Disaster education is carried out by ...

The functional screening of a Pseudacanthotermes militaris termite gut metagenomic library revealed an array of xylan-degrading enzymes, including P. militaris 25 (Pm25), a multimodular glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10). Sequence analysis showed details of the unusual domain organization of this enzyme. It consists of one catalytic domain, which is intercalated by two carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) from family 4. The genes upstream of the genes encoding Pm25 are susC-susD-unk, suggesting Pm25 is a Xyn10C-like enzyme belonging to a polysaccharide utilization locus. The majority of Xyn10C-like enzymes shared the same interrupted domain architecture and were vastly distributed in different xylan utilization loci found in gut Bacteroidetes, indicating the importance of this enzyme in glycan acquisition for gut microbiota. To understand its unusual multimodularity and the possible role of the CBMs, a detailed characterization of the full-length Pm25 and truncated variants was performed. Results revealed that the GH10 catalytic module is specific toward the hydrolysis of xylan. Ligand binding results indicate that the GH10 module and the CBMs act independently, whereas the tandem CBM4s act synergistically with each other and improve enzymatic activity when assayed on insoluble polysaccharides. In addition, we show that the UNK protein upstream of Pm25 is able to bind arabinoxylan. Altogether, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of Xyn10C-like proteins in xylan utilization systems of gut bacteria. IMPORTANCE Xylan is the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cereals and contributes to the recalcitrance of the plant cell wall toward degradation. Members of the Bacteroidetes, one of the main phyla in rumen and human gut microbiota, have been shown to encode polysaccharide utilization loci dedicated to the degradation of xylan. Here, we present the biochemical characterization of a xylanase encoded by a Bacteroidetes strain isolated from the termite gut metagenome. This ...

Despite having similar structures, each member of the heteromeric amino acid transporter (HAT) family shows exquisite preference for the exchange of certain amino acids. Substrate specificity determines the physiological function of each HAT and their role in human diseases. However, HAT transport preference for some amino acids over others is not yet fully understood. Using cryo–electron microscopy of apo human LAT2/CD98hc and a multidisciplinary approach, we elucidate key molecular determinants governing neutral amino acid specificity in HATs. A few residues in the substrate-binding pocket determine substrate preference. Here, we describe mutations that interconvert the substrate profiles of LAT2/CD98hc, LAT1/CD98hc, and Asc1/CD98hc. In addition, a region far from the substrate-binding pocket critically influences the conformation of the substrate-binding site and substrate preference. This region accumulates mutations that alter substrate specificity and cause hearing loss and cataracts. Here, we uncover molecular mechanisms governing substrate specificity within the HAT family of neutral amino acid transporters and provide the structural bases for mutations in LAT2/CD98hc that alter substrate specificity and that are associated with several pathologies. ; his work was funded by "la Caixa" Foundation, Health Research grant 2020 (LCF/PR/HR20/52400017) to MP and OL, by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI) grants SAF2015-64869-R-FEDER and RTI2018-094211-B-100-FEDER to MP, and SAF2017-82632-P to OL, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); the support of Catalan Government (grant 2017 SGR 961) to MP, and the support of the National Institute of Health Carlos III to CNIO; grants 31 Y2018/BIO4747 and P2018/NMT4443 from the Autonomous Region of Madrid and co-funded by the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund to OL. CFR is funded by BES-2015-071348 PhD fellowship by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI). ...

Asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) structures (often named Janus), like SeMoS and their nanotubes, have tremendous scope in material chemistry, nanophotonics, and nanoelectronics due to a lack of inversion symmetry and time-reversal symmetry. The synthesis of these structures is fundamentally difficult owing to the entropy-driven randomized distribution of chalcogens. Indeed, no Janus nanotubes were experimentally prepared, so far. Serendipitously, a family of asymmetric misfit layer superstructures (tubes and flakes), including LaX-TaX2 (where X = S/Se), were synthesized by high-temperature chemical vapor transport reaction in which the Se binds exclusively to the Ta atoms and La binds to S atoms rather than the anticipated random distribution.With increasing Se concentration, the LaS-TaX2 misfit structure gradually transformed into a new LaS-TaSe2-TaSe2 superstructure. No misfit structures were found for xSe = 1. These counterintuitive results shed light on the chemical selectivity and stability of misfit compounds and 2D alloys, in general. The lack of inversion symmetry in these asymmetric compounds induces very large local electrical dipoles. The loss of inversion and time-reversal symmetries in the chiral nanotubes offers intriguing physical observations and applications. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Dr. Iddo Pinkas for the help with the Raman measurements. The support of the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 7130970101), Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, the Perlman Family Foundation, and the Kimmel Center for Nanoscale Science (Grant 43535000350000) are greatly acknowledged. Part of the TEM studies were conducted at the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. S.H. and R.A. acknowledge funding by German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft project He 7675/1-1), by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PID2019-104739GB-100/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033), and Government ...

ABSTRACT: Keeping in mind the present cultural scenario, Muslim community studies have emerged as a cross-disciplinary field that includes sociological, political, economic, literary, and sexuality studies. This wide framework of cross-disciplinary subject position naturally addresses a number of multi-dimensional global issues. One such issue is the rich folk cultural tradition of Bengal that includes one particular strand of songs which is interestingly patronized solely by the Muslim women especially from some areas of Bengal. These women unfold all the stories of their domestic slavery, insults, suppressed desires, disgust against the male folk of their family—the trauma they have to undergo generations after generations, along with all their longings for a better life condition within their songs, in spite of knowing that they are never going to achieve them. Within this paper, I shall try to bring into the forefront how ages of oppression, as Foucault has observed, have led them to form a kind of passionate attachment to the forms of power that oppress them. This is problematic. Unless the oppression is recognized and worked through, no real liberation is possible for the oppressed. As a consequence, all these have remained simply as the instance of their fairytale, 'wishful thinking'. The fear of being under constant surveillance by the oppressive authority compels them to self-restriction, in every sphere of their lives. Moreover, such a rich tradition has unfortunately never been imparted its due acknowledgment, neither within the family, nor by the greater society. Interestingly, within the whole Muslim world, there are very few instances of such practices of singing by women. Singing, in Islamic Shariyat, has been considered as 'nafarmani', i.e., against Islamic Shariyat. So the question that naturally engages the socio-political studies on this topic is, where from did such tradition emanate? In this context, the paper will also endeavor to investigate the origins of the emergence of such a rich and ...

ABSTRACT The prime energy scarcity is nowadays a mostly the debated issue in Bangladesh in the awaken of spreading energy and fuel crisis. Pipeline natural gas support only 6 % domestic consumption of total population by 16 % of total produced gas which is declined mode. The claim of natural gas is on the continuous increase to meet domestic needs in the city, suburban areas together with industrial, commercial, power generation and diverse usage against the scarcity of gas. The demand for natural gas is on the continuous increase to meet domestic needs in the urban, suburban areas alongside industrial, commercial, power generation and diverse usage against the scarcity of gas. In this situation, LPG becomes a popular alternative energy source to reduce the natural gas crisis along with providing clean fuel in rustic areas. LPG is using by about 81% in its total amount for domestic purposes. At present in 2018 LPG demand in Bangladesh is approximate 750,000 MT and in future 2025 it would be 250, 0000 MT with growth rate 25%, 17 %, 14%, 15 %, 8%, 20% and 17% respectively. Now a day 12 KG LPG cylinders price is BDT 1150-1200 because of the variety of market barriers, government VAT and higher transaction costs which is not affordable for the middle as well as a low-income family though Bangladesh government fixed the price every month. LPG could assume an increasingly significant job in giving cooking energy to low-middle pay family units in Bangladesh if an appropriate advertising structure and circulation plan are masterminded. The aim of this project is to find out the challenges of LPG supply, distribution, and pricing in the growing Bangladesh market and to make a well planned and details road map so that LPG companies of Bangladesh can serve 70% of the domestic cooking fuel through LPG by 2025.

Technology such as telemedicine has been instrumental in delivering care, especially during COVID-19 pandemic. Visitors who accompany patients play an integral part in moderating access to patient's care. However, readiness of telemedicine among these family members remains to be explored. Exploration of readiness towards telemedicine among visitors of urban government hospital in Selangor was carried out. Cross-sectional study utilizing questionnaire adapted from Hossain 2019 were conducted from November to December 2020 across 400 respondents. A total of 234 females (48%) and 166 males (35%), with 267(66%) constitutes the age group of 21-30years-old. 322(84%) of respondents had tertiary education with a minimum of diploma holders. 183(38%) had a monthly income less than RM3000, and 112(23%) had an income of RM3000-6000. 369(76.9%) of respondents reported skill readiness for telemedicine, whereas 31(6.5%) reported poor skill readiness for telemedicine. Age, education, and household income were associated with telemedicine readiness skills with p=0.001; p<0.001 and p=0.018, respectively. The majority, 340(70%) of respondents, reported behavioral readiness for telemedicine. 375(93.8%) reported good access to telemedicine with a minimum of at least four accessibility of the following: smartphone, internet, computers, social-media account, file management, and communication. High favorable readiness of telemedicine is reported. However, most respondents were from the age group of 21-30 years old. These visitors who had accompanied their family members for appointments despite belonging to low-middle income-group; showed favorable technological and behavior readiness for the usage of telemedicine. Visitors should be considered as integral elements when providing telemedicine services. Favorable usage of telemedicine among the visitors indicates promising utilization of telemedicine in overcoming barriers for patient's care. Disclaimer: Abstract text might vary slightly from what is displayed in the e-poster. ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of the implementation of a postabortion care (PAC) strategy in Kinshasa referral hospitals, this study analyzed the quality of postabortion care services, including postabortion contraception, and the duration of hospitalization. METHODOLOGY: We estimated the effects of the PAC strategy using a quasi-experimental study by evaluating the outcomes of 334 patients with the diagnosis of a complication of induced abortion admitted to 10 hospitals in which the PAC strategy was implemented compared to the same outcomes in 314 patients with the same diagnosis admitted to 10 control facilities from 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018. In response to government policy, the PAC strategy included the treatment of abortion complications with recommended uterine evacuation technology, the family planning counseling and service provision, linkages with other reproductive health services, including STI evaluation and HIV counseling and/or referral for testing, and partnerships between providers and communities. The information was collected using a questionnaire and stored using open data kit software. We supplemented this information with data abstracted from patient records, facility registries of gynecological obstetrical emergencies, and family planning registries. We analyzed data and developed regression models using STATA15. Thus, we compared changes in use of specific treatments and duration of hospitalization using a "difference-in-differences" analysis. RESULTS: The implementation of PAC strategy in Kinshasa referral hospitals has resulted in the utilization of WHO recommended uterine evacuation method MVA (29.3% more in the experimental structures, p = 0.025), a significant decline in sharp-curettage (19.3% less, p = 0.132), and a decline in the duration of hospitalization of patients admitted for PAC (1 day less, p = 0.020). We did not observe any change in the use of PAC services, mortality, and the provision of post abortion contraception. CONCLUSION: Despite significant improvement in the ...

In Japanese history the establishment of the ie, or family system, on which patriarchal authority was based, represents one of the most important turning points. The ie that came into being from the late eleventh century onwards, differs from the uji that had characterized previous eras, not so much on account of its patriarchal system but because it would place the married couple in prime position. The family, previously made up of a man engaging in occasional relationships with a number of women, would gradually become a more stable nucleus comprising of a husband with a wife who enjoyed a legally recognized position of privilege compared with all the other concubines. After her husband's death, she would naturally become a sort of substitute figure, often gaining considerable authority and prestige. With the threat of the Mongolian invasions (from 1274 and 1281) and the consequent increase in limitations on women's inheritance rights, many widows were forced to take vows as a sign of loyalty and tangible proof of their choice not to remarry if they were to secure their husband's property. The literary production of Nun Abutsu (1225 ca.-1283 ca.) written in a period which led to the inevitable breakdown of the economic, social, and political balance of Japan, offers a realistic description of women's ambitions, duties and concerns in an era of great transformation. In a close reading of her major works Abutsu no fumi (The letter of Abutsu,1264 ca.), Utatane (Fitful slumbers, XIII century) and Izayoi nikki (The Diary of the sixteenth night moon, 1280 ca.), the book casts light on some important issues in Japanese women's history: the gradual shift from uxorical to virilocal marriage, the consequences of this process for inheritance patterns, the meaning of women's participation in the intellectual life of their time.

In recent years, two little-used private schooling options have been developing in France : homeschooling and "alternative" schooling, independent from the State. The number of children enrolled in independent schools (primary level) increased by a factor of 3.22 between 2010 and 2019 (Ministry of National Education and Youth, 2020), a figure that remains marginal in relation to the total number of children enrolled in France (0.23% in 2010 versus 0.75% in 2019). The number of homeschooled children is also up by 111.11 percent in 2018-2019 compared to 2014-2015, according to recent figures from the government-led impact study for the bill to strengthen the principles of the Republic (Légifrance, 2020), although these figures remain imperfect and may be underestimated (Bongrand, Glasman, 2018). But what leads parents to choose non-conventional schooling for their child(ren) ? What are the social conditions for engaging in an "alternative" schooling choice ? Starting with children currently homeschooled and/or enrolled in so-called "alternative" schools, this thesis focuses on the biographical paths of their parents. It proposes an approach that brings together the sociology of education and the sociology of the family in order to understand how the norms that govern the family space impact on educational choices and, in turn, how these choices have an impact on the parents. ; Ces dernières années, deux modalités relevant de l'éducation scolaire privée, encore peu répandues jusqu'à présent en France, connaissent une certaine popularité : l'instruction à domicile (IEF) et l'école privée hors contrat « alternative » (EPHCA). Le nombre d'enfants scolarisés dans des écoles privées hors contrat (premier degré), dont font partie les écoles alternatives susmentionnées, a été multiplié par 3,22 entre 2010 et 2019 (DEPP, 2020), un chiffre qui reste cependant marginal rapporté à l'ensemble des enfants scolarisés en France (0,23% en 2010 contre 0,75% en 2019). Le nombre d'enfants instruits en famille est en augmentation de ...

Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales. Maestría en Políticas Públicas ; The purpose of this research is to determine the main factors that influence women's participation in academic performance at the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH). In order to materialize it, a documentary and bibliographic research was carried out, which served as support for the design of an instrument in the form of a Likert-type scale, which integrates the independent variables: Aspects and working conditions, institutional and family environment. The questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of female academics (teachers) working at the UMSNH, this allowed us to know the opinion of the female educational force of the maximum house of studies of the state of Michoacán, with respect to the conditions that promote or limit their academic performance, this in relation to motherhood, empowerment, harassment, domestic and family responsibilities in their professional life. In a second stage, once the results were compiled and concentrated, through the Minimal Ordinary Partial Square Regression (PLS) methodology, the behavior of each of the independent variables was analyzed, their dimensions with respect to the dependent variable and this determined the relevance of each one in the model. The results were condescending, allowing us to detect which were the determining factors for the performance of women (teachers), which allowed us to conclude with the design of a public politics proposal that would contribute to greater and better participation of women in their academic performance in the educational institution, as a work center. ; La presente investigación tiene como finalidad determinar los principales factores que influyen en la participación de la mujer en el desempeño académico de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH). Para materializarla, se realizó una investigación documental y bibliográfica que fungió como soporte para el diseño de un instrumento en forma ...

The proposed study aims to characterize the process of formation of the territory and management of the Mena sotnya of the Chernihiv Regiment in the second half of the XVII–XVIII centuries. Methodologically, the work is based on a combination of microhistorical and anthropological approaches. The use of historical-genetic, historical-comparative and prosopographic methods allowed to analyze not only the structure of government institutions, but also to characterize the origin, career and family ties of their leaders. The author traces the process of formation of the territory of the hundred and the network of settlements, analyzes the composition and activities of the Mena sotnya goverment. First of all, it was characterized by frequent changes of centurions in the second half of the XVII century. and the absence of an osavul in the ranks of a hundred sergeants. If in the XVII century the government of the centurion came from the Right Bank of Ukraine, then all of them were of exclusively local origin. The rest of the representatives of the hundredth government also came from the local Cossacks. The position of captain was held for the longest time by representatives of the Sakhnovsky family of officers, which in fact was inherited from son to father. They also received positions in the Chernihiv Regiment Administration and for a long time headed the Zemsky Court of Mena County. The activities of the hundredth government were aimed mainly at performing the functions of military management (ensuring the participation of Cossack teams of hundreds in military campaigns, supplying food to the army, repairing fortifications). At the same time, he had powers of a rather "peaceful" nature: conducting investigations and audits, documenting real estate transactions, organizing the education of Cossack children, and so on. The found documents also testify to numerous abuses of hundreds of government officials related to the establishment of illegal monetary fees, manipulation of Cossack registers, bribery, etc. In ...