Suchergebnisse

The rise of China is now one of the primary issues in IR literature. However, this development promotes also changes in the structure of the discipline itself, as it fosters self-reflection in the rapid expansion of the Chinese IR school. Moreover, the quest for Chinese theory of IR provokes other Asian countries to conceptualize their place in the world, in order not to be intellectually submerged by the rising neighbour. This theorizing is enlightened by the national traditions of thinking about international politics, largely overseen in the West. This trend promotes genuine liberalization of the discipline.

This meeting, which took place in Dec 1987 in Paris, France, was opened by Federico Mayor, Director-General of UNESCO. Working groups were formed around the questions of the social sciences & the challenge of development, the interface between human & natural sciences, & furthering international cooperation for the development of the human sciences. The discussions of the plenary & the workshops are summarized. The plenary focused on four themes: modernization & development, the present state of the social sciences, interdisciplinarity, & international scientific cooperation. Improvement in social sciences teaching & in the status of the social sciences, suggested improvements in the internal structure of UNESCO, & the need for use of new information technologies by international agencies are discussed. 1 Appendix. A. Waters

Reports on an international meeting convened by Unesco, of social and human scientists for the purpose of formulating recommendations concerning the promotion of international co-operation in these fields and, particularly, the role that Unesco should play, in this regard, in the period 1990-5. (SJO)

Solar geoengineering is gaining prominence in climate change debates as an issue worth studying; for some it is even a potential future policy option. We argue here against this increasing normalization of solar geoengineering as a speculative part of the climate policy portfolio. We contend, in particular, that solar geoengineering at planetary scale is not governable in a globally inclusive and just manner within the current international political system. We therefore call upon governments and the United Nations to take immediate and effective political control over the development of solar geoengineering technologies. Specifically, we advocate for an International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering and outline the core elements of this proposal.

Solar geoengineering is gaining prominence in climate change debates as an issue worth studying; for some it is even a potential future policy option. We argue here against this increasing normalization of solar geoengineering as a speculative part of the climate policy portfolio. We contend, in particular, that solar geoengineering at planetary scale is not governable in a globally inclusive and just manner within the current international political system. We therefore call upon governments and the United Nations to take immediate and effective political control over the development of solar geoengineering technologies. Specifically, we advocate for an International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering and outline the core elements of this proposal.

The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice represents the first time that the Court's judges have been called upon to analyse in some detail rules of international humanitarian law. Other instances, for example, theNicaraguacase, involved nowhere near such an extensive analysis. The Advisory Opinion is therefore of particular interest in that it contains important findings on the customary nature of a number of humanitarian law rules and interesting pronouncements on the interpretation of these rules and their relationship with other rules. Most judges based their final decision on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons on teleological interpretations of the law, choosing either the right of self-defence as being the most fundamental value, or the survival of civilization and the planet as a whole as paramount. Unfortunately, space does not permit a comment on these highly important analyses of the underpinnings of humanitarian law and its purpose in the international order. Therefore, rather than focusing primarily on the Court's conclusion as to the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, this short comment will concentrate on the various pronouncements made on humanitarian law rules. Reference to the Court's finding on the legality of the use of nuclear weapons will only be made from the point of view of how it has contributed to the interpretation of those rules. For this purpose, reference will be made not only to the Advisory Opinion as such (hereafter referred to as the "Opinion"), but also to the various Separate and Dissenting Opinions.

The establishment of exclusive jurisdiction rules in civil and commercial matters is widely accepted in comparative private international law. These rules are generally presented as being based on the implication of State sovereignty, either because its territory is physically involved or because the dispute concerns the functioning of the State public services. In addition to these legal arguments there is a series of practical considerations that support the justification of the court's exclusive jurisdiction, such as the necessary coincidence between the forum and the jus. However, an open question is whether the arguments, put forward to explain the adoption of these rules of jurisdiction, are really convincing, especially in a highly integrated judicial area, based on mutual trust and cooperation, such as the European Union. The rationality of exclusive fora is indeed criticized in some of the concerned areas, since the preponderance of the state element in a matter does not require the adoption of an exclusive jurisdiction rule. Moreover, the rules on exclusive jurisdiction may give rise to practical problems when implemented, and we are witnessing a profound change, at European level, of the exclusive forum provided in intellectual property matters. Under these conditions, it is appropriate to question the future and even the relevance of the survival of these rules. An alternative system of jurisdiction, based on cooperation and fluid dialogue between judges, is conceivable in the European judicial area, making it possible to avoid the court's exclusive jurisdiction in certain targeted matters. ; La consécration des règles de compétence exclusive en matière civile et commerciale est largement admise en droit international privé comparé. Elles sont généralement présentées comme étant fondées sur l'implication de la souveraineté de l'État, soit parce que son territoire est physiquement en cause soit parce que le litige concerne le fonctionnement des services publics de l'État. À ces arguments juridiques, ...