International audience ; This paper proposes a reflection about issues that cross the context of creation, organization, access, and (re) use of contemporary documents. Through a bibliographic search, it situates the archives and the Archival Science in today's society, and its challenges in managing documents (and their metadata), archiving, information, and knowledge. Presenting the French and Brazilian cases, it analyzes that, more than the French reality, Brazil faces challenges in managing the archiving of documents. Management should be structured according to different complementary perspectives, taking into account the responsibilities, strategic approaches, and policies of organization and conservation of documents. ; Cette communication propose de réfléchir à des questions qui traversent le contexte de la création, l'organisation, l'accès et de la (ré) utilisation de documents contemporains. À travers une recherche bibliographique, elle situe les archives et l'archivistique dans la société actuelle et ses défis en matière de gestion de documents (et de leurs métadonnées), d'archivage, d'informations et de connaissances. En analysant les cas français et brésilien, elle montre que, plus que la réalité française, le Brésil fait face à des défis en matière de gestion de l'archivage de documents. La gestion devrait être structurée selon différentes perspectives complémentaires, compte tenu des responsabilités, approches stratégiques et politiques d'organisation et conservation des documents.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the research question of how human actors and technology interact together in practices in the context of a sharing economy. The theoretical foundation of this paper is based on the existing literature about the sharing economy and studies that have been carried out examining value co-creation and sociomateriality.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative case study method for the empirical investigation. Using theoretical sampling, Xbed, an internet, unmanned and self-service hotel platform based in Guangzhou, China, was chosen for the empirical investigation. The case was built on multiple sources of data, including archival materials, on-site fieldwork and in-depth interviews. Then, the case was interpreted based on a number of theoretical concepts, with a particular emphasis on the sociomaterial perspective.FindingsThis paper shows how human actors and technology interact with one another in a number of interrelated ways, which collectively result in the value co-creation necessary for creating a sharing economy. The authors have found that various forms of sociomateriality (the intersection between technology, work and organization) play a key role in co-creation and that interactions between these sociomaterial assemblages (assemblage-to-assemblage (A2A)) drive the development of a sharing economy. These sociomaterial assemblages have dynamic and evolving characteristics.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that the key to the success of a sharing economy lies in how to engage participating actors with material entities (e.g. technology applications) to form action-enabling sociomaterial assemblages, as well as in determining how these assemblages can be systematically arranged to collectively form a larger assemblage. We suggest that managers need to conceive how relations between the social and the material realms can be structured by adopting a service logic that aims to help the beneficiary function better. The authors also suggest that managers have to consider what assemblages are necessary and how they are connected, to construct a full access-based service.Originality/valueThis paper conceptualizes the sharing economy as a system of value co-creation practices and empirically examines such practices from a sociomaterial perspective. This paper adopts the concept of sociomaterial assemblages to investigate sharing practices, through which the knowledge of the role of technology in the development of a sharing economy is enhanced. This paper also expands the knowledge of service-dominant logic by using a microfoundation perspective to look at the value co-creation that emerges as a result of the interaction between sociomaterial assemblages. These assemblages also act as constitutive elements of a service ecosystem.
The exploration of the research topic of the access to archival holdings collected by the communist party in Poland results from the need to capture the party's approach to this task, considered today as one of the most important functions of historical archives. The direct reason for initiating research in this area was a complete lack of literature on the implementation of this function by the Archive of the Voivodeship Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in Lublin and the poor state of research on the same issue with regard to the PZPR archives from other centres and on a national scale.In the course of the research proceedings, questions were asked about the reasons, practices, extent and recipients of this task at the AKW in Lublin. The research employed deductive, inductive and statistical methods. The following types of sources were used to analyse the issue: internal standards of the leadership of the PZPR regulating the area of making the resources available in its archives, minutes from the meetings of the heads of the archives of the PZPR voivodeship committees taking into account the problems of making the documents available and cyclical reports prepared by the heads of the AKW in Lublin.Making the resources available evolved from a restrictive approach to relative liberalisation within several decades of the existence of AKW in Lublin. The manifestation of the liberalisation was that over time, users also included members of other parties and non-partisans in addition to the dominant number of party members (employees of the party apparatus and activists). In terms of numbers, the second place was taken by students of various universities and the third place was taken by researchers. The AKW in Lublin was visited on average by twenty to sixty users per year. The increased frequency of their visits to this archive was often associated with important anniversaries of the party for which the celebrations were being prepared. On the other hand, it is possible that the decrease in the number of visits in some cases was related to the social and political crises in the country, such as December 1970 and the introduction of martial law in Poland. Making archival materials available to external users throughout the entire existence of the AKW in Lublin, i.e. from the 1950s to the 1980s, was subject to rationing. Access to documents was granted by the secretary of the Voivodeship Committee responsible for the propaganda sector. This was meant to prevent unauthorised persons from being provided with information that could jeopardise the image of the PZPR and its current policy. The majority of the research topics carried out by the users of the AKW resources in Lublin were those that directly or indirectly affirmed the activities of the party and the communist government, for example the history of youth organisations, the activities of the UB, MO and ORMO, and the consolidation of the communist government in Poland.The general conclusion of the findings is that the archives of the AKW of the PZPR in Lublin served primarily the needs of the party. They contributed in particular to the development of a propaganda useful version of its own history and the history of other socio-political organisations, institutions and circles, which in the period of the People's Republic of Poland were heavily influenced by the party. ; Podjęcie tematu udostępniania zasobu archiwalnego zgromadzonego przez komunistyczną mono-partię rządzącą w Polsce wynikało z potrzeby uchwycenia jej podejścia do realizacji tego zadania, uważanego współcześnie za jedną z najdonioślejszych funkcji archiwów historycznych. Bezpośrednim powodem zainicjowania badań w tym obszarze był całkowity brak literatury dotyczącej realizacji tej funkcji przez Archiwum Komitetu Wojewódzkiego PZPR w Lublinie i nikły stan badań nad tym samym zagadnieniem w odniesieniu do archiwów PZPR z innych ośrodków oraz w skali ogólnokrajowej. W toku postępowania badawczego starano się odpowiedzieć na pytania o to, z jakich powodów, w jaki sposób, w jakim zakresie i na czyj użytek realizowano to zadanie w AKW w Lublinie. W badaniach zastosowano metodę dedukcyjną, indukcyjną i statystyczną. Do zanalizowania tytułowego zagadnienia wykorzystano następujące rodzaje źródeł: wewnętrzne normatywy kierownictwa PZPR regulujące sferę udostępniania zasobu w jej archiwach, protokoły z narad kierowników archiwów komitetów wojewódzkich PZPR uwzględniających problemy udostępniania dokumentów i cykliczne sprawozdania sporządzane przez kierowników AKW w Lublinie. Udostępnianie zasobu w ciągu kilku dekad istnienia AKW w Lublinie ewoluowało od podejścia restrykcyjnego ku względnej liberalizacji. Symptomem liberalizacji było to, że w miarę upływu czasu wśród użytkowników obok liczebnie dominujących członków partii (pracowników aparatu partyjnego i działaczy) pojawiali się także członkowie innych stronnictw i osoby bezpartyjne. Pod względem liczebności na drugim miejscu byli studenci różnych uczelni, a na trzecim pracownicy naukowi. W ciągu roku AKW w Lublinie odwiedzało średnio od dwudziestu kilku do sześćdziesięciu kilku użytkowników. Zwiększona częstotliwość, z jaką odbywały się ich wizyty w tym archiwum często wiązała się z przypadającymi na dane lata ważnymi dla partii jubileuszami, do których obchodów się przygotowywano. Z kolei spadek liczby odwiedzin w niektórych przypadkach mógł mieć związek z wybuchającymi w kraju kryzysami społeczno-politycznymi, takimi jak Grudzień '70 i wprowadzenie w Polsce stanu wojennego. Udostępnianie archiwaliów użytkownikom z zewnątrz praktycznie przez cały czas istnienia AKW w Lublinie, to jest od lat pięćdziesiątych do osiemdziesiątych XX w., podlegało reglamentacji. Zgody na dostęp do dokumentów udzielał odpowiedzialny za sektor propagandy sekretarz KW. Służyło to niedopuszczeniu do udzielenia osobom niepowołanym informacji mogących narazić na szwank wizerunek PZPR i jej bieżącą politykę. Wśród tematów badawczych realizowanych przez użytkowników zasobu AKW w Lublinie przeważały takie, które bezpośrednio lub pośrednio afirmowały działalność partii i 'władzy ludowej', np. historia organizacji młodzieżowych, działalność UB, MO i ORMO oraz utrwalanie władzy ludowej w Polsce. Z dokonanych ustaleń płynie ogólna konkluzja, że zasoby archiwów PZPR, w tym AKW w Lublinie, służyły przede wszystkim potrzebom tej partii. Zwłaszcza opracowywaniu propagandowo użytecznej wersji historii jej samej oraz dziejów innych organizacji społeczno-politycznych, instytucji i środowisk, na które w okresie Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej partia wywierała przemożny wpływ.
This essay grows out of the author's ongoing research examining issues of affect and agency as these relate to archives and recordkeeping during the post-conflict recovery and political and economic transitions occurring in countries that emerged since 1991 out of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Specifically, since archivists in the countries play a key role in securing and providing access to records that are essential to individual, community and national recovery and transition, it contemplates possible relationships between affect and individual agency relevant to understanding their personal and professional situations. The essay also provides a synopsis of selective disciplinary literature addressing aspects of affect associated with individual experiences, memory and actions in war and post-conflict contexts. In so doing, it identifies several potentially relevant strands for further qualitative investigation of affect and its relationship to agency in the context of the individual archivist: the role of narrative, the need to integrate the social and the cultural, listening for meaningful silences, the importance of social support, the affect of place, coping mechanisms, and disenchantment with the state. The essay concludes with a brief commentary on how identifying the dimensions of affect and its relationship to agency through research such as this is an important component of understanding what professional actions, ethics and practices might be most appropriate and effective in post-conflict recovery and reconciliation, not only in these countries but also in other regions that have experienced similar extensive or recurring conflicts, especially when coupled with major political and economic transitions.
This essay grows out of the author's ongoing research examining issues of affect and agency as these relate to archives and recordkeeping during the post-conflict recovery and political and economic transitions occurring in countries that emerged since 1991 out of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Specifically, since archivists in the countries play a key role in securing and providing access to records that are essential to individual, community and national recovery and transition, it contemplates possible relationships between affect and individual agency relevant to understanding their personal and professional situations. The essay also provides a synopsis of selective disciplinary literature addressing aspects of affect associated with individual experiences, memory and actions in war and post-conflict contexts. In so doing, it identifies several potentially relevant strands for further qualitative investigation of affect and its relationship to agency in the context of the individual archivist: the role of narrative, the need to integrate the social and the cultural, listening for meaningful silences, the importance of social support, the affect of place, coping mechanisms, and disenchantment with the state. The essay concludes with a brief commentary on how identifying the dimensions of affect and its relationship to agency through research such as this is an important component of understanding what professional actions, ethics and practices might be most appropriate and effective in post-conflict recovery and reconciliation, not only in these countries but also in other regions that have experienced similar extensive or recurring conflicts, especially when coupled with major political and economic transitions.
The role of military intelligence in the First World War has been relatively neglected compared with the revelations that have wholly altered the historiography of the Second World War since the 1970s. The role of Russian military intelligence in that first conflict has in particular been an enigma for many decades, because of the difficulty of archival access. Now, however, a new generation of Russian, European and American scholars are uncovering the role of Russian military intelligence in the First World War, and a series of fresh discoveries combined with the reprint of previously rare biographical material allows one to reach new and more informed conclusions both on Russian military intelligence of the period and on the nature of the Russian revolution itself.
This white paper documents the work of the American Congress Digital Archives Portal project to aggregate congressional archives into a single, online platform and make them more broadly available. Congressional archives document the democratic process; the development of public policy; and multiple narratives related to the country's social, cultural, and political development. Work of the project included developing standards and best practices; creating governance structures for the one-year project and future phases; developing a web portal that meets user needs and adding archival content; determining digitization priorities via a research survey; conducting usability testing; and communicating and publicizing the project. The project was made possible by funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Every municipality in Manitoba has a distinct and valuable history, but many stories are already lost, and many more are at risk due to poor recordkeeping and archiving. Municipal records document local decisions, actions, finances, the relationship between governments and citizens, and much more. Most of this information is only available in municipal government records; it does not exist anywhere else. Additionally, despite municipal reliance on local records and archives in their day-to-day operations, and as a key source in constructing specific community identities, many municipal government offices have neglected, forgotten, or no longer see the value in maintaining an archive. As a result, municipal governments cannot be held fully accountable for their actions and are unable to abide by the archival requirements of the Municipal Act and the access and privacy provisions outlined in the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act. They are also thereby failing to take advantage of the archival services offered through the Archives of Manitoba as outlined in the province's Archives and Recordkeeping Act. This project examines how municipal employees and citizens view recordkeeping, particularly how archival records are considered. In order to learn how municipal officials deal with both their current and archival records a survey was sent to all the municipalities in Manitoba outside of Winnipeg, which was excluded because it had made considerable recent progress by establishing a city archives. Driven by a concern that municipal records outside of Winnipeg are not being adequately managed and archived, this thesis studies the way municipalities are treating both their operational and archival records. These findings are contextualized by looking at municipal archives and archival practices across Canada. Finally, the thesis provides some suggestions for improving recordkeeping practices in Manitoba's municipalities. ; May 2014
This paper is a compilation of governmental policies concerning information Organizational management, Archives and relevant professionals, from 1863 to 2012; including law of digital signature. Moreover, the documental production is reviewed, as well as the current academic training of professionals in the management and organization of documents, who will enable information access. The history of Nicaragua documentary production is reviewed; as well as the academic training of professionals in the management and organization of documents. This paper slightly addresses international standards of archival description, suggested by the International Council of Archives (ICA) and the open source platforms on which such standards can be operated. ; En este trabajo se recopilan las políticas gubernamentales sobre gestión organizacional de la información, archivos y profesionales archiveros en Nicaragua, desde el año 1863 hasta el 2012, incluyendo la Ley de firma digital. También se revisa la historia de la producción documental en Nicaragua, así como la formación académica de profesionales en la gestión y organización de los documentos quienes garantizarán el acceso a la información. De manera sucinta se abordan las normas internacionales de descripción archivística que ha sugerido el Consejo Internacional de Archivos -CIA-, y la plataforma open source en las que se pueden inter operar dichas normas.
This paper is a compilation of governmental policies concerning information Organizational management, Archives and relevant professionals, from 1863 to 2012; including law of digital signature. Moreover, the documental production is reviewed, as well as the current academic training of professionals in the management and organization of documents, who will enable information access. The history of Nicaragua documentary production is reviewed; as well as the academic training of professionals in the management and organization of documents. This paper slightly addresses international standards of archival description, suggested by the International Council of Archives (ICA) and the open source platforms on which such standards can be operated. ; En este trabajo se recopilan las políticas gubernamentales sobre gestión organizacional de la información, archivos y profesionales archiveros en Nicaragua, desde el año 1863 hasta el 2012, incluyendo la Ley de firma digital. También se revisa la historia de la producción documental en Nicaragua, así como la formación académica de profesionales en la gestión y organización de los documentos quienes garantizarán el acceso a la información. De manera sucinta se abordan las normas internacionales de descripción archivística que ha sugerido el Consejo Internacional de Archivos -CIA-, y la plataforma open source en las que se pueden inter operar dichas normas.
This thesis explores the significant contribution Walter Rudnicki (1925-2010) made to the pursuit of social justice for Indigenous people in Canada through his use of archival records. Rudnicki took on the role of archivist by acquiring, organizing, disseminating, and keeping records that document government-Indigenous relations. Totaling 90.25 metres in extent, the Walter Rudnicki fonds at the University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections is an impressive private collection amassed in order to make injustice visible. As a federal public servant working to develop innovative government policies with Indigenous people between the 1950s and 1970s, Rudnicki had bitter personal experience with document creation and access to records practices in the Government of Canada that thwarted Indigenous aims. Thereafter, he stressed that accessing and archiving records play an indispensable role in protecting Indigenous peoples' interests. He spent the rest of his life creating and employing an archive that would be used in advocacy for Indigenous rights. ; October 2016
The question of the perpetrator is largely uncharted territory in the history of the Soviet Union. The term is rarely used in the historiography of the Stalinist Soviet Union. In part, this omission is based upon a reluctance to go beyond Iosif Stalin in assigning agency or responsibility for the immense crimes of his reign. In part, the omission derives from decades-long restrictions on archival access. Lynne Viola begins with an exploration of the postwar trajectories of the historiographies of the mid-twentieth century's classically paired "totalitarian" regimes in order to understand the relative absence of "perpetrator studies" for the Stalinist 1930s. She then examines the question of the Soviet perpetrator, less to demarcate who the perpetrator was than to offer a conceptualization of the range of factors that enabled, conditioned, and shaped their violent acts. Intended to raise questions for further study, Viola's article is complemented by comments from Wendy Goldman and Peter Fritzsche.
No. 2 published: Hackensack, N.J. : Board of Chosen Freeholders, 1939. ; No. 2: prepared by the Historical Records Survey, Division of Professional and Service Projects, Work Projects Administration. No. 15-16: prepared by the New Jersey Historical Records Survey Project, Division of Professional and Service Projects, Work Projects Administration. ; no. 2. Bergen County (Hackensack) -- no. 14. Morris County (Morristown) -- no. 15. Ocean County (Toms River) -- no. 16. Passaic County (Paterson). -- -- no. 19. Sussex County (Newton). No more published? ; Mode of access: Internet.
