Suchergebnisse

The Meiji Restoration of 1868 resumed the early Japanese practice, which had been interrupted for 1,000 yrs of importing culture from abroad & adapting it to Japanese needs & conditions. One means it used to accomplish this was to endorse the policy of sending S's abroad to study & do res. The door was closed on the practice by WWII but opened again in 1945. In the period 1949-1955 Japan has sent 1,473 S's to the US, France, GB, Germany, India, & Italy. Also during the same period Japan participated in 318 internat conferences. Since 1954 Japan herself has invited 38 undergrads & res S's to study in Japan at her expense. During the yrs immediately following the Meiji Restoration Japanese S's could bring home the knowledge & techniques of Western culture. They helped lay the foundation for modern Japan. Later S's found it more difficult to make such radical & important influences on national life & policy. The nationalism & xenophobia which became more & more dominant in Japan reduced incentives to study abroad. Self-examination after WWII has led to a resumption of the policy of learning as much as possible from foreign nations. Technical knowledge & world understanding should both be emphasized in foreign study probrams. Needed adjustments in the program include the desirability of providing orientation courses (in language & customs) for the participants, making it possible for married S's to bring their families with them, improving the means for selecting exchange S's & scholars, & for increasing the scope of the exchanges. B. J. Keeley.

Collection of articles on economic, social, and cultural aspects of innovation by researchers at the University of the Basque Country. - Provided by publisher

Institutional approach to solving the problem of social justice in economic relations is formulated, including its presentation as social and economic institution. Specific features of transplantation of the said institution norms in the Russian economy are shown, the designing institutional model as a tool of promoting social justice in economic relations is offered, basic elements of the institutional mechanism of its assurance are determined.

Analyzed are the social & historical causes of the Eritrean revolution, with focus on the repressive policies of Italian, British, & most recently, Ethiopian occupiers. The social & revolutionary accomplishments of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) in the areas of land reform, liberation of towns, & politicalization of workers & peasants are described. Also assessed is the impact of the EPLF on education, health, & the liberation of women. The deterrent effect of entrenched feudal interests & of early mistakes on revolutionary progress is hypothesized. D. Dunseath.

In the modern world, security is some one of the basic human needs. In addition to the multiple threats that can be considered traditional, i.e. military or political ones, new, unconventional risks to the public appear. Unconventional threats are so dangerous for the society that they are not fully identified and there are no developed ways of dealing with them. These threats can be called social hazards that defy the existential basis of human existence. The answer to the more and more frequent occurrences of such phenomena are social security instruments and tasks assigned to it, for which both the state, institutions shaped by civil society and the citizen are responsible.

Theoretical bases of social security are presented, that, coming from logic of research, expresses ability of the state by the specially created collective insurance funds to satisfy the necessities of payers of insurance payments and relievers taking into account private and public interests.