Suchergebnisse

Beginning in the twelfth century, taxation increasingly became an essential component of medieval society in most parts of Europe. The state-building process and relations between princes and their subject cities or between citizens and their rulers were deeply shaped by fiscal practices. Although medieval taxation has produced many publications over the past decades there remains no synthesis of this important subject. This volume provides a comprehensive overview on a European scale and suggests new paths of inquiry. It examines the fiscal systems and practices of medieval Europe, including essential themes such as medieval fiscal theory and the power to tax; royal and urban taxation; and Church taxation. It goes on to survey the entire European continent, as well as including comparative chapters on the non-European medieval world, exploring questions on how taxation developed and functioned; what kinds of problems authorities encountered assessing their fiscal power; and the circulation of fiscal cultures and practices across cities and kingdoms. The book also provides a glossary of the most important types of medieval taxes, giving an essential definition of key terms cited in the chapters. The Routledge Handbook of Public Taxation in Medieval Europe will appeal to a large audience, from seasoned scholars who need a comprehensive synthesis, to students and younger scholars in search of an overview of this critical subject

When a given population is able to produce more goods and more services than are required for its subsistence, the concentration of an economic surplus becomes possible. Such concentration has always involved the formation of a class structure. Part of the population performs the physical labor of economic production; it becomes the working class. Other segments of the population performing services other than physical labor receive portions of the economic surplus. They become the possessing and, usually, the ruling classes.

The article examines the nature of conflicts in medieval Western Europe. It is noted that the roots of Western European conflicts go back to the time of the Great migration of peoples. Ethno-cultural and Church-religious factors that directly or indirectly influenced the course and nature of conflicts are considered. Projects of secular and ecclesiastical authorities aimed at ousting conflicts from the political and mental space of Western Europe are presented; legal, ethno-cultural, moral and ethical problems that did not allow achieving success in the practical implementation of these projects are identified.

In the popular imagination, the Middle Ages are often associated with lawlessness. However, historians have long recognized that medieval culture was characterized by an enormous respect for law and legal procedure. This book makes the case that one cannot understand the era's cultural trends without considering the profound development of law.

Early Medieval Jewish Policy in Western Europe was first published in 1977. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. This is the first study of early medieval Jewish policy in the West which examines the nature of this policy from the perspective and aims of its formulators. As the author points out, most specialists in Jewish history have been dominated by what the historian Salo Baron has called the "lachrymose conception, ' a view which emphasized persecution and suffering as a fundamental theme of Jewish history. Professor Bachrach challenges this view and attacks what he calls the myth of Christian church domination of the early medieval world