The evidence of in situ ovens & hearths & structural daub in secondary deposits in Iron Age sites in central southern England, is examined in relation to overall design & potential use of the structures. Their distribution & siting within settlements, with particular reference to the hillfort of Danebury, in relation to buildings, activity areas & artefacts is discussed to analyse the function of ovens & their use by the community. 2 Figures, 14 References. Adapted from the source document.
International audience ; Recent excavations near Adam (Oman) yielded new data about the margins of the desert in Central Oman during the Iron Age. Before our 2015 season, the Iron Age in Adam was essentially unknown. Several graves and reused burials had been identified during surveys and excavations in two graveyards, but it seemed that the area of Adam was not highly occupied during this period, contrary to the situation observed in the major site of Salut, only 40km to the north-west. However, the discovery of an Iron Age site near Adam allows us to reconsider this first impression. The site consists of a group of structures located on the eastern tip of Jabal Mudhmar, near Wadi Halfayn. The main stone building contains unique bronze weapons (life-sized, smaller than life-sized and miniatures) including arrows, bows, quivers and daggers that could be used for ritual purposes. Judging by its geographic location and its unusual content, the site could have had several functions: as a meeting and ritual place linked to social, political or religious activities or a relay on the ancient road between Adam and Sinaw.
International audience ; Recent excavations near Adam (Oman) yielded new data about the margins of the desert in Central Oman during the Iron Age. Before our 2015 season, the Iron Age in Adam was essentially unknown. Several graves and reused burials had been identified during surveys and excavations in two graveyards, but it seemed that the area of Adam was not highly occupied during this period, contrary to the situation observed in the major site of Salut, only 40km to the north-west. However, the discovery of an Iron Age site near Adam allows us to reconsider this first impression. The site consists of a group of structures located on the eastern tip of Jabal Mudhmar, near Wadi Halfayn. The main stone building contains unique bronze weapons (life-sized, smaller than life-sized and miniatures) including arrows, bows, quivers and daggers that could be used for ritual purposes. Judging by its geographic location and its unusual content, the site could have had several functions: as a meeting and ritual place linked to social, political or religious activities or a relay on the ancient road between Adam and Sinaw.
AbstractThe turbulent years aroundc. 1200 BC in the eastern Mediterranean are known as a period of the collapse of states and empires. Yet by zooming in on three important royal cities, Tiryns, Hattusa and Carchemish, we can question this collapse narrative whilst at the same time exploring the now popular concept of resilience, in this case urban and cultural resilience. First these ancient cities are presented as interactive and meaningful spaces in which architecture and art were used to shape people's experience of them and the world in which they lived, before their urban fabric and functions are examined in turn. It will become clear that they had radically different fates throughc. 1200 BC. Some of the difficulties in applying ideas from resilience thinking and how it might or might not be useful as an approach in studying these and other examples are then discussed.
The strategies political elites implement to garner political authority and legitimacy in emergent polities are scrutinized in a case study from Iron Age Edom, located in modern southern Jordan and the south-east corner of the State of Israel. Edom provides a productive context in which to conduct this investigation as local elites managed a fractious polity consisting of unstable segmentary identities, while at the same time, remaining loyal to the successive Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires that dominated them. This tenuous position required elites to maintain a flexible elite identity while promoting broader metaphors of attachment (e.g. Edomite) among their disparate constituents. This case study ultimately moves toward an understanding of political polities, not as disembodied entities (e.g. States), but as embedded phenomena within the societies they comprise.
En diversos contextos de la Siria antigua se atestiguan procesos recurrentes de concentración de poblaciones en sitios urbanos y de dispersión en asentamientos menores o a través de prácticas móviles o de residencialidad flexible. Si bien se solían relacionar las sucesivas crisis de las ciudades, el urbanismo y el estado con el descenso de la aglomeración y con la dispersión poblacional, el panorama aparece como más complejo y diversificado si se pone el foco en situaciones específicas. A partir de un seguimiento de las condiciones espaciales y sociopolíticas de las llanuras de Jabbul y Jazr, ubicadas en el interior de Siria, desde el Bronce Tardío hasta el Hierro II, se podrá advertir que, si bien se atestiguan procesos de aglomeración y dispersión, estos no coinciden con ciertas esquematizaciones habituales sobre los procesos de asentamiento en dichos períodos. Además, se argumentará que las condiciones espaciales de los diversos contextos, de las cuales forman parte la aglomeración y dispersión, condicionaban las prácticas sociopolíticas de los grupos humanos. ; In many contexts of ancient Syria, recurring processes leading to the concentration of people in urban centers and their dispersal in smaller settlements, or through mobile practices and/or residential flexibility, are attested. Although in the past the successive crises of cities, urbanism and the State have been related to the decrease of agglomeration and to the population dispersal, the issue appears more complex and diversified when focused on specific situations. By following the spatial and socio-political conditions of the Jabbul and Jazr plains, in Inner Syria, from the Late Bronze Age to Iron Age II, it becomes apparent that, although processes of agglomeration and dispersal are visible, they do not match some usual narratives regarding the settlement patterns of these periods. Also, it will be argued that the spatial conditions of the different contexts, including the agglomeration and dispersal of people, impacted on the social and political practices of human groups.
En diversos contextos de la Siria antigua se atestiguan procesos recurrentes de concentración de poblaciones en sitios urbanos y de dispersión en asentamientos menores o a través de prácticas móviles o de residencialidad flexible. Si bien se solían relacionar las sucesivas crisis de las ciudades, el urbanismo y el estado con el descenso de la aglomeración y con la dispersión poblacional, el panorama aparece como más complejo y diversificado si se pone el foco en situaciones específicas. A partir de un seguimiento de las condiciones espaciales y sociopolíticas de las llanuras de Jabbul y Jazr, ubicadas en el interior de Siria, desde el Bronce Tardío hasta el Hierro II, se podrá advertir que, si bien se atestiguan procesos de aglomeración y dispersión, estos no coinciden con ciertas esquematizaciones habituales sobre los procesos de asentamiento en dichos períodos. Además, se argumentará que las condiciones espaciales de los diversos contextos, de las cuales forman parte la aglomeración y dispersión, condicionaban las prácticas sociopolíticas de los grupos humanos. ; In many contexts of ancient Syria, recurring processes leading to the concentration of people in urban centers and their dispersal in smaller settlements, or through mobile practices and/or residential flexibility, are attested. Although in the past the successive crises of cities, urbanism and the State have been related to the decrease of agglomeration and to the population dispersal, the issue appears more complex and diversified when focused on specific situations. By following the spatial and socio-political conditions of the Jabbul and Jazr plains, in Inner Syria, from the Late Bronze Age to Iron Age II, it becomes apparent that, although processes of agglomeration and dispersal are visible, they do not match some usual narratives regarding the settlement patterns of these periods. Also, it will be argued that the spatial conditions of the different contexts, including the agglomeration and dispersal of people, impacted on the social and political practices of human groups.
During the last three decades, only four Late Bronze and Iron Age necropolises have been discovered on the territory of Northeastern Serbia. As a result of increased knowledge, there is a certain divergence from the established chronologies. Based on the new findings, this paper aims to point out the existing problems related to the changes in the chronological framework of activities of specific cultural groups.
Introduction: defining frameworks -- Towards an archaeology of identities -- Sociopolitical organisation and ethnic identities in pre-Roman Gaul: levels and networks -- Constructing communities: the middle Rhine-Moselle region in the late Hallstatt and early La Tène periods -- From centralisation to decentralisation -- The role of central places in the construction of collective identities -- Negotiating power: aristocratic burials and local communities in the late La Tène period -- Recognising diversity: identity, landscape and social complexity between Rhine and Meuse -- The impact of 'Romanisation' on identity transformation
