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Road Tax and the Environmental Costs of Road Transport. – Environmental protection costs are analyzed in terms of noise, air pollution, and biosphere impact of four road vehicles in the open countryside : vans, trailer trucks, buses, and private cars. A first approximation shows that inaccuracies in the evaluations of these costs are due to uncertainties stemming both from the physical models and from economic origins (diversity of national standards). To these we should add the phenomena of saturation, noise, and road wear, which are the external effects, as opposed to the former, which are the internal effects. The most satisfactory solution is to internalize any external effects we want to control. This internalization integrates the biosphere, individual satisfaction and dissatisfaction, private and public pecuniary interests, and lastly the guilty party (the polluter is the one who pays). Many effective forms of internalization exist, and it is up to the government to organize them so that things even out equitably and so that the costs due to this internalization are compensated by the advantages the community gets out of them. --- With the author and the publisher of the copyright agreement. The present version in PDF is under the copyright of EDITECOM (http://www.editecom.com/) - 1994. ; Les coûts entraînés par la protection de l'environnement en matière de transport routier ont été étudiés dans les effets du transport en rase campagne, pour quatre catégories de véhicules : les utilitaires, les poids lourds, les véhicules de transport collectif et les voitures particulières. Ces effets concernent particulièrement le bruit, la pollution de l'air, la biosphère. Une première approche montre que les imprécisions sur les évaluations de ces coûts tiennent à la fois aux incertitudes qui relèvent des modèles physiques et à celles qui relèvent de l'économie (diversité des normes nationales). Il faut y ajouter les phénomènes de saturation, le bruit, l'usure des chaussées. Cet article fait le point sur toutes les questions dans la problématique d'une orientation stratégique de la politique des transports.

Road Tax and the Environmental Costs of Road Transport. – Environmental protection costs are analyzed in terms of noise, air pollution, and biosphere impact of four road vehicles in the open countryside : vans, trailer trucks, buses, and private cars. A first approximation shows that inaccuracies in the evaluations of these costs are due to uncertainties stemming both from the physical models and from economic origins (diversity of national standards). To these we should add the phenomena of saturation, noise, and road wear, which are the external effects, as opposed to the former, which are the internal effects. The most satisfactory solution is to internalize any external effects we want to control. This internalization integrates the biosphere, individual satisfaction and dissatisfaction, private and public pecuniary interests, and lastly the guilty party (the polluter is the one who pays). Many effective forms of internalization exist, and it is up to the government to organize them so that things even out equitably and so that the costs due to this internalization are compensated by the advantages the community gets out of them. --- With the author and the publisher of the copyright agreement. The present version in PDF is under the copyright of EDITECOM (http://www.editecom.com/) - 1994. ; Les coûts entraînés par la protection de l'environnement en matière de transport routier ont été étudiés dans les effets du transport en rase campagne, pour quatre catégories de véhicules : les utilitaires, les poids lourds, les véhicules de transport collectif et les voitures particulières. Ces effets concernent particulièrement le bruit, la pollution de l'air, la biosphère. Une première approche montre que les imprécisions sur les évaluations de ces coûts tiennent à la fois aux incertitudes qui relèvent des modèles physiques et à celles qui relèvent de l'économie (diversité des normes nationales). Il faut y ajouter les phénomènes de saturation, le bruit, l'usure des chaussées. Cet article fait le point sur toutes les ...

Road Tax and the Environmental Costs of Road Transport. – Environmental protection costs are analyzed in terms of noise, air pollution, and biosphere impact of four road vehicles in the open countryside : vans, trailer trucks, buses, and private cars. A first approximation shows that inaccuracies in the evaluations of these costs are due to uncertainties stemming both from the physical models and from economic origins (diversity of national standards). To these we should add the phenomena of saturation, noise, and road wear, which are the external effects, as opposed to the former, which are the internal effects. The most satisfactory solution is to internalize any external effects we want to control. This internalization integrates the biosphere, individual satisfaction and dissatisfaction, private and public pecuniary interests, and lastly the guilty party (the polluter is the one who pays). Many effective forms of internalization exist, and it is up to the government to organize them so that things even out equitably and so that the costs due to this internalization are compensated by the advantages the community gets out of them. --- With the author and the publisher of the copyright agreement. The present version in PDF is under the copyright of EDITECOM (http://www.editecom.com/) - 1994. ; Les coûts entraînés par la protection de l'environnement en matière de transport routier ont été étudiés dans les effets du transport en rase campagne, pour quatre catégories de véhicules : les utilitaires, les poids lourds, les véhicules de transport collectif et les voitures particulières. Ces effets concernent particulièrement le bruit, la pollution de l'air, la biosphère. Une première approche montre que les imprécisions sur les évaluations de ces coûts tiennent à la fois aux incertitudes qui relèvent des modèles physiques et à celles qui relèvent de l'économie (diversité des normes nationales). Il faut y ajouter les phénomènes de saturation, le bruit, l'usure des chaussées. Cet article fait le point sur toutes les questions dans la problématique d'une orientation stratégique de la politique des transports.

This study will endeavor to give the reader a positive concept as to the value of Negro politicians through the life of M. M. Rodgers by ascertaining the answers to the following questions: 1. What background factors contributed to the evaluation of Texas Negro politician as exemplified by M. M. Rodgers? 2. Was it possible for a Negro in politics in this era to exhibit the philosophy and instincts of a true politician? 3. To what extent could a Negro wield political power in the form of patronage and influence within the scope of the Republican party of Texas? 4. What was the Negro aspiration in politics during the period from 1887-1909? 5. Why did the white politicians plan to rid themselves of the influential Negro in the Republican party? 6. What were the factors that caused M. M. Rodgers to retire from politics? The scope of this paper will begin in 1887, which is the year M. M. Rodgers was elected Alderman of the city of LaGrange, Texas, and closes in 1909, when he resigned as Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District of Texas. The material date will begin around 1865, the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the period of reconstruction. For clarity on the material scope date, any date after 1881 will be in strict accord with the proof of the writer's hypothesis.

AbstractWe present some results for M/M/1 queues with finite capacities with delayed feedback. The delay in the feedback to an M/M/1 queue is modelled as another M‐server queue with a finite capacity. The steady state probabilities for the two dimensional Markov process {N(t), M(t)} are solved when N(t) = queue length at server 1 at t and M(t) = queue length at server 2 at t. It is shown that a matrix operation can be performed to obtain the steady state probabilities. The eigenvalues of the operator and its eigenvectors are found. The problem is solved by fitting boundary conditions to the general solution and by normalizing. A sample problem is run to show that the solution methods can be programmed and meaningful results obtained numerically.

Kommt es nach M&A-Transaktionen zum Rechtsstreit (M&A Litigation), erfordert die forensische Aufbereitung vor einem Schiedsgericht oder Gericht ein tieferes Eindringen in dogmatische Fragen und in die Rechtsprechung als in der Verhandlungsphase. Das Buch untersucht die wesentlichen dann auftretenden Probleme. Die Neuauflage wurde um wichtige Gerichtsurteile und Schiedssprüche aktualisiert. Das Werk ist ein wichtiges Arbeitsmittel sowohl zur Vorbereitung einer Prozessführung wie zur Analyse kritischer Punkte bei der Vertragsverhandlung und -gestaltung

The Tweed Family Papers consists primarily of correspondence between Mrs. Richard Tweed and her children, relatives, and friends. Diaries, essays and poetry written by family members, newspaper clippings (photocopies), and financial and legal material are also included, as are a handful of photographs. All related primarily to the life of Mrs. Richard Tweed and her descendants. ; Mrs. Richard Tweed, upon whom the majority of the materials focus, was the sister-in-law of William Marcy ("Boss") Tweed, who controlled the Democratic political machine at New York City's Tammany Hall during the mid-19th century. He and his associates misappropriated public funds on a large scale, leading to his arrest and imprisonment in 1871. ; The Tweed Family Papers are organized by the following categories: Correspondence, Newspapers, Literary Production, Photographs, Financial Material, Printed Material, Scrapbook Material, Legal Material, and Artifacts. ; Tweed Family Papers, 1836-1932 and undated, Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas ; Box 1, File 1