Suchergebnisse

Redefined during the past thirty years, the centre of government currently extends itself further than ever before. Central governmental agencies are 'where the rubber meets the road', where public service meets politics, and policy becomes reality. So who's driving this car? Agencies such as the Privy Council Office, the Finance Department, and the Treasury Board exert their influence horizontally, deciding how policy is made and how money gets spent According to Donald Savoie, these organizations, instituted to streamline Ottawa's planning processes, instead telescope power to the Prime Minister and weaken the influence of ministers, the traditional line departments, and even parliament, without contributing to more rational and coherent policy-making.This is scholarship at its best: rigorous and riveting. The government operates as a combination of known procedures and the more elusive subtleties of human relationships and unspoken codes of behaviour. Donald Savoie's long-time involvement in government affairs allows him to read through the surface of the results of his extensive research-which included several interviews with elites-in order to expose all the levels of power at play. Indispensable reading for students of politics, public policy, and public administration, Ottawa watchers, journalists, lobbyists, and civil servants who want to know what is really going on

1. Historical evolution of alcohol consumption in society / David J. Hanson -- 2. Key studies of alcohol and disease / Jürgen Rehm and Kevin D. Shield -- 3. Cultural aspects: representations of alcohol in visual art / James Harris -- 4. Cultural aspects: illustrations of alcohol use in literature / Anya Taylor -- 5. Cultural aspects: alcohol use in film / July Cornes -- 6. Sociocultural aspects of alcohol consumption / Robin Room -- 7. Chemistry of alcoholic beverages / Laurence I. Peterson -- 8. Alcohol metabolism and genetic control / Philip J. Brooks and Samir Zakhari -- 9. Implications of the genetics of alcoholism and addictions for public policy / David Goldman -- 10. Pathophysiology of alcohol addiction / Wolfgang H. Sommer -- 11. Opioid pharmacogenetics of alcohol addiction / Wade Berrettini -- 12. Tools for estimating alcohol consumption / Gerhard Gmel, Kevin D. Shield, and Jürgen Rehm -- 13. A global overview of alcohol consumption patterns / Gerhard Gmel, Florian Labhart, Kevin D. Shield, Margaret Rylett, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, and Jürgen Rehm -- 14. Impact of extreme drinking on mortality / David Zaridze -- 15. Unrecorded alcohol consumption / Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Gerhard Gmel and Jürgen Rehm -- 16. Adolescent and teenage drinking / Ralph W. Hingson and Aaron M. White -- 17. Gender and alcohol: consumption and consequences / Richard W. Wilsnack and Sharon C. Wilsnack -- 18. Alcohol use in the elderly / Jennifer G. Plebani, David W. Oslin, and Adam B. Lipson -- 19. Alcohol consumption and injury / Scott Macdonald, Alissa Greer, Jeffrey R. Brubacher, Cheryl Cherpitel, Tim Stockwell and Corneilia Zeisser -- 20. Alcohol and road traffic injury -- James C. Fell and Robert B. Voas -- 21. Alcohol and suicide / Alexander E. Crosby, Victoria Espitia-Hardeman, La Vonne Ortega, and Briana Lozano -- 22. Alcohol and intimate partner violence / Megan R. Gerber -- 23. Alcohol and crime / Stephen K. Talpins, Robyn Robertson, Erin Holmes and Matthew Dunagan -- 24. Alcohol and carcinogenesis: mechanisms and biomarkers / C.J. Peter Eriksson -- 25. Upper aerodigestive tumours: mouth, pharynx, larynx, and oesophagus / Mia Hashibe, Binh Y. Goldstein, Lin Cai, and Zuo-Feng Zhang -- 26. Gastrointestinal tumours / David Zaridze -- 27. Liver and pancreatic tumours / Patrick Maisonneuve -- 28. Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk / Peter Boyle -- 29. Bladder and genitourinary tumours / Claudio Pelucchi and Carlotta Galeone -- 30. Cardiac disease / William H. Frishman -- 31. Vascular disease / Kenneth J. Mukamal -- 32. Benign diseases of the gastrointestinal tract / Julia B. Greer and Dhiraj Yadav -- 33. Liver disease / Michael H. Miller, Frank Sullivan, and John F. Dillon -- 34. Pancreatitis / Dhiraj Yadav -- 35. Diabetes / Dolly Baliunas -- 36. Neurological and mental disorders / Tarakad S. Ramachandran -- 37. Infectious disease / Andriy V. Samokhvalov, Paul A. Shuper, and Jürgen Rehm -- 38. Alcohol and pregnancy: fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and the fetal alcohol syndrome / Kenneth R. Warren and Margaret M. Murray -- 39. Screening of high-risk drinkers / Amy O'Donnell and Eileen Kaner -- 40. Brief intervention: does it work? / Eileen Kaner and Amy O'Donnell -- 41. Drug therapy: reviewing the evidence / Michael Soyka -- 42. The private sector and public: can they be reconciled? / Paul Miller and Marjana Martinic -- 43. Impact of alcohol on poverty and the need for appropriate policy / Aneel Karnani -- 44. Control of alcohol availability: historical and current policies and their effects / Esa Österberg -- 45. Taxation and price control / Michael Livingston -- 46. Alcohol control measures and traffic safety / Christine M. Wickens, Robert E. Mann, Gina Stoduto, Rosely Flam-Zalcman and Jennifer Butters -- 47. Public information and education campaigns / Claire Wilkinson -- 48. Towards a global alcohol policy: current directions / Harry Burns.

The relevance of political science to public policy toward the elderly is demonstrated in a discussion of: (1) governmental institutions, eg, courts, executive agencies, legislatures, & electoral dynamics; (2) levels of government, eg, local, state, national, cross-national, & international; & (3) political theory & political science methodology. A political science orientation can be distinguished from those of the other social sciences by its emphasis on: (A) political feasibility, which involves making policy recommendations that are likely to be adopted or at least evaluating what the adoption likelihood is; (B) administrative feasibility, ie, whether policies can be administered without scandal or chaos; (C) goal values, eg, public participation, predictability, & procedural due process, which economists & other policy analysts sometimes slight; & (D) a concern for the relevance to policy problems of international relations, civil liberties, & reform of governmental institutions. AA.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Acronyms -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction: The Problem of Tobacco-Control Policy -- 2. Theories of Tobacco-Control Policy Across Space and Time -- 3. Tobacco Control: A Federal Case? -- 4. Tobacco Control in States, Provinces, and Municipalities: The California Effect? -- 5. Political Processes and Tobacco Control -- 6. Tobacco-Control Lessons Across the Border? -- 7. Canada and the United States in the Global Politics of Tobacco Control -- Appendix: List of Persons Interviewed -- References -- Index

This paper finds that the Croatian public's and the social elites' perceptions of science are a mixture of scientific and technological optimism, of the tendency to absolve science of social responsibility, of skepticism about the social effects of science, and of cognitive optimism and skepticism. However, perceptions differ significantly according to the different social roles and the wider value system of the observed groups.The survey data show some key similarities, as well as certain specificities in the configuration of the types of views of the four groups – the public, scientists, politicians and managers. The results suggest that the well-known typology of the four cultures reveals some of the ideologies of the key actors of scientific and technological policy. The greatest social, primarily educational and socio-spatial, differentiation of the perceptions of science was found in the general public.

This volume of "Research in Political Sociology" focuses on one of the central themes in political sociology: the relationship between political power and the policy formation process. The first section examines the exercise of power in two distinct policy arenas: the interlocking networks among policy-planning organizations, and the effects of PACs on the voting behavior of elected officials in Canada and the U.S. In contrast to corporate interlocking directorates, although a shift to the right occurred in the 1980s and 1990s, board interlocks of policy-planning organizations are relatively stable over time. The second article shows that PACs affect voting behavior of U.S. elected officials, but they have little influence on voting in Canada's House of Commons. This suggests that the structure of the state affects the capacity of elites to exercise power over it.The second section examines the capacity of theories in economic sociology to explain the social organization of capitalism. The authors move beyond the current institutional frameworks by elaborating how the generic tendencies and contradictions of capitalism generate political conflicts and outcomes. This framework also stresses how organizational and institutional structures, class conflict, logics of action, and the contradictions of capitalism shape and limit the options that are available to social actors. The articles in the third section examine the effects of labor and community based political strategies on policy outcomes. These articles identify the contingent basis of political behavior and show how social structures and historical conditions create both opportunities for and limitations on the exercise power.Whereas the legal structure of labor relations in the U.S. limited the capacity of workers to mobilize, the flexibility of community-based coalitions increased their capacity to form coalitions to mobilize politically. Together, the articles in this volume show that political struggles are integral to capitalist society. These struggles take a range of forms and the outcomes are affected by the historically specific organizational and institutional arrangements in which they are embedded.