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As the analysis of social networks, or networks of interpersonal and social relationships among social groups, has become an increasingly important method of research in several of the social and behavioural sciences, the gathering of network data has outpaced the development of new methods for its analysis. Addressing the need for analytical tools, Philippa Pattison presents a number of algebraic models for the analysis of network data, explaining in the process the rationale for an algebraic approach. Models are developed for both complete networks, meaning those representing the social ties between all pairs of members in a given group, and local networks, meaning those structured around the social ties of one particular group member. Many applications are presented and the ways that these methods can address a number of important issues confronting network analysis are explained

Austria and Sweden are selected as countries of comparison for the impact of social choice models on the division of labour between the household and market sector and the skill structure of the labour force. These countries are chosen because they are of similar population size, they are both small open economies and have a corporate economic policy system with a strong social partnership. In spite of these similarities structural developments of labour supply and demand diverged markedly since the 60's, in particular as far as the incorporation of women into the labour market and the role of the public sector for the employment creation are concerned. In this paper it is argued that social choice models override economic policy orientations such that the outcomes of socio-economic processes end up at opposite ends of a continuum of production possibilities in the household and market sector. The Swedish social consensus is marked by equal opportunities and egalitarian principles while the Austrian popular vote hangs on to traditional patriarchal structures, which perpetuate the gendered division of the labour market and augment segmentation. Transfer of household production to the labour market today is hampered by the character of the remaining production in the household, in the main personal services. They have limited potential for productivity increases through economies of scale or technical advancement of production processes. Due to that prices for the services rendered on the market coincide more or less with wages, offering little room for wage rises in line with wages in the production of goods or production oriented services, which are financed out of productivity increases. As a result personal services tend to remain in the household sector (the case of Austria) unless the public sector takes over due to other than market oriented value and thus pricing systems.

This article proposes that social role theory (SRT) and social role valorization (SRV) be established as organizing theories for care managers. SRT is a recognized sociological theory that has a distinctive place in care management practice. SRV is an adjunct for SRT that focuses on people who are devalued by being in a negative social position and supports behavior change and movement to a valued social position.

In this paper, we study an international market model in which the home government imposes a tariff on the imported goods. The model has two stages. In the first stage, the home government chooses an import tariff to maximize a function that cares about the home firm's profit and the total revenue. Then, the firms engage in a Cournot or in a Stackelberg competition. We compare the results obtained in the three different ways of moving on the decision make of the firms. ; ESEIG and Polytechnic Institute of Porto

An article discussing the changing role models and attitudes of young women as reflected in the introduction of Army Barbie, Air Force Barbie and Navy Barbie dolls for children. The author's commentary discusses the differences in each service's approach to the dolls, and their importance as part of the culture, as much an American institution as a toy. The author notes that the manufacturer's willingness to accept the attitude that the military is an acceptable career choice for young women, and reflects that in their choice to introduce the military-styled dolls.

AbstractWomen remain underrepresented in electoral politics compared to their share of the population. Using an original dataset spanning 1975–2019, we examine whether the presence of women in prominent political office leads to an increase in the number of women serving in state legislatures. We define prominence in two ways: the total number of women elected to statewide office and the length of a state's history of electing women. We find that the prominence effect diverges by party. The election of prominent Democratic women leads to an increase in the proportion of Democratic women state legislators, while the election of Republican women leads to a decrease in the proportion of Republican women state legislators. Rather than serving as role models for women of both parties to enter the political pipeline, electing more women to prominent office is contributing to a greater representational gap between the parties in state legislatures.