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AbstractIntergovernmental Organizations (IOs) such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) were created by and for states. The ADB was established to further economic growth and cooperation in the Asia Pacific. At the behest of its powerful member states the ADB created an accountability mechanism (AM) in 1995. This mechanism was created to provide recourse to people that might be or are 'directly materially and adversely affected' by a development project financed by the ADB. As with the other Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), the creation of such an 'external accountability mechanism' recognized a legally relevant relationship between an IO and private persons. This article investigates the operations of the ADB's AM. Arguably, the ADB's AM has brought some improvement to affected people through its mediation, compliance investigations and monitoring. Yet analysis of the mechanism also demonstrates that progress is hampered by a lack of access, transparency, Developing Member Country (DMC) resistance, staff obstruction and a lack of independence in the mechanism itself.

South Carolina legislation calls for the Education Oversight Committee (EOC), working with the South Carolina State Board of Education, and a broad‑based group of stakeholders, to conduct a comprehensive cyclical review of the accountability system. The EOC and the South Carolina Department of Education convened the South Carolina Accountability Advisory Committee (AAC), comprised of members who represented the interests and priorities of various educational stakeholders in South Carolina. This report is a summary of the AAC's key findings and recommendations.

Title from cover. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vols. for FY 1997-FY 1999 prepared by: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Chief Financial Officer. ; Combines six separate HUD financial reports, mainly internal office documents issued in looseleaf form: Chief Financial Officer's annual report; Report on compliance with the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act; Secretary's semiannual report to Congress; Report on compliance with the Prompt Payment Act; Report on civil monetary penalties; and: Debt collection performance report (some are available in U.S. Government depository libraries on microfiche, under slightly variant titles). ; Latest issue consulted: FY 1997. ; UPDATED

Many analysts now believe that the growth of presidential war power relative to Congress is irreversible. This book was written to contest that view. Its purpose is to identify what would be required to restore presidential war power to constitutional specifications while leaving the president powerful enough to do what is truly necessary in the face of any emergency. Buchanan focuses mainly on diagnosing the origins of the problem and devising practical ways to work toward restoration of the constitutional balance of power between Congress and the president. The work begins by showing the lack of clear, widely shared standards whose enforcement is needed to sustain the balance of power and draws on the thinking of the founders and political theorists to crystallize such standards. Next it details how, in the absence of standards, agents such as Congress and the Supreme Court with formal influence on presidents and informal agents such as media and public opinion have unwittingly enabled unnecessary power expansion, such as the presidential 'wars of choice'. Of course change of this magnitude cannot be expected to happen quickly. Remedies necessarily involve a reform architecture intended to unfold gradually, with the first step being simply to start a focused conversation (another purpose of this book). Buchanan moves toward specific remedies by identifying the structure and strategy for a new think tank designed to nudge the political system toward the kind of change the book recommends. Lastly, the book shows how a fictional policy trial could take a practical step toward in rebalancing the war power. This is a crucial examination of presidential power and the U.S. separation of powers system, with a focused effort on making a course correction toward the kind of power sharing envisioned in the Constitution.

The concept of accountability in social work practice is examined and the dilemmas involved in separating accountability and evaluation receive critical scrutiny

Assess the current refugee rights situation in light of the 50th Anniversary of the UN Refugee Convention.