WOS: 000352238600023 ; PubMed ID: 25312759 ; Background: Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination defects (CSR-D) are rare primary immunodeficiencies characterized by impaired production of switched immunoglobulin isotypes and normal or elevated IgM levels. They are caused by impaired T:B cooperation or intrinsic B cell defects. However, many immunoglobulin CSR-Ds are still undefined at the molecular level. Objective: This study's objective was to delineate new causes of immunoglobulin CSR-Ds and thus gain further insights into the process of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination (CSR). Methods: Exome sequencing in 2 immunoglobulin CSR-D patients identified variations in the INO80 gene. Functional experiments were performed to assess the function of INO80 on immunoglobulin CSR. Results: We identified recessive, nonsynonymous coding variations in the INO80 gene in 2 patients affected by defective immunoglobulin CSR. Expression of wild-type INO80 in patients' fibroblastic cells corrected their hypersensitivity to high doses of gamma-irradiation. In murine CH12-F3 cells, the INO80 complex accumulates at Sa and Em regions of the IgH locus, and downregulation of INO80 as well as its partners Reptin and Pontin impaired CSR. In addition, Reptin and Pontin were shown to interact with activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Finally, an abnormal separation of sister chromatids was observed upon INO80 downregulation in CH12-F3 cells, pinpointing its role in cohesin activity. Conclusion: INO80 deficiency appears to be associated with defective immunoglobulin CSR. We propose that the INO80 complex modulates cohesin function that may be required during immunoglobulin switch region synapsis. ; National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); le fonds de recherche clinique du Ministere de la Sante; European Union (EUROPAD) [201549]; European Union (ERC advanced grant PID-IMMUNE) [249816]; Association Contre Le Cancer; Fondation pour la Recherche MedicaleFondation pour la Recherche Medicale [ING20130526624]; la Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comite de Paris); Agence Nationale de la RechercheFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [2010-CSRD]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the Investments for the Future programFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-IAHU-01]; La Ligue National contre le Cancer (France); Fondation ARC, France; Institut National du Cancer (INCA), FranceInstitut National du Cancer (INCA) France; German Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [BMBF 01 EO 0803]; Canadian Gene Cure Foundation and Finding of Rare Disease Genes (FORGE) Canada; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [AI037526] ; This study was supported by the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, le fonds de recherche clinique du Ministere de la Sante, the European Union's Seventh Research and Technological Development Framework Programme (EUROPAD contract 201549 and ERC advanced grant PID-IMMUNE contract 249816), Association Contre Le Cancer, the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (grant number: ING20130526624), la Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comite de Paris) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant: 2010-CSRD) and a government grant managed by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the Investments for the Future program (ANR-10-IAHU-01). This work in the Epigenetics group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer was supported by the La Ligue National contre le Cancer (France), Fondation ARC, France, and Institut National du Cancer (INCA), France. This study was also funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant: BMBF 01 EO 0803) and by the Canadian Gene Cure Foundation and Finding of Rare Disease Genes (FORGE) Canada. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant AI037526 to M.C.N. M.C.N. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. S.K. is a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique researcher.
WOS: 000352238600023 ; PubMed ID: 25312759 ; Background: Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination defects (CSR-D) are rare primary immunodeficiencies characterized by impaired production of switched immunoglobulin isotypes and normal or elevated IgM levels. They are caused by impaired T:B cooperation or intrinsic B cell defects. However, many immunoglobulin CSR-Ds are still undefined at the molecular level. Objective: This study's objective was to delineate new causes of immunoglobulin CSR-Ds and thus gain further insights into the process of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination (CSR). Methods: Exome sequencing in 2 immunoglobulin CSR-D patients identified variations in the INO80 gene. Functional experiments were performed to assess the function of INO80 on immunoglobulin CSR. Results: We identified recessive, nonsynonymous coding variations in the INO80 gene in 2 patients affected by defective immunoglobulin CSR. Expression of wild-type INO80 in patients' fibroblastic cells corrected their hypersensitivity to high doses of gamma-irradiation. In murine CH12-F3 cells, the INO80 complex accumulates at Sa and Em regions of the IgH locus, and downregulation of INO80 as well as its partners Reptin and Pontin impaired CSR. In addition, Reptin and Pontin were shown to interact with activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Finally, an abnormal separation of sister chromatids was observed upon INO80 downregulation in CH12-F3 cells, pinpointing its role in cohesin activity. Conclusion: INO80 deficiency appears to be associated with defective immunoglobulin CSR. We propose that the INO80 complex modulates cohesin function that may be required during immunoglobulin switch region synapsis. ; National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); le fonds de recherche clinique du Ministere de la Sante; European Union (EUROPAD) [201549]; European Union (ERC advanced grant PID-IMMUNE) [249816]; Association Contre Le Cancer; Fondation pour la Recherche MedicaleFondation pour la Recherche Medicale [ING20130526624]; la Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comite de Paris); Agence Nationale de la RechercheFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [2010-CSRD]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the Investments for the Future programFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-IAHU-01]; La Ligue National contre le Cancer (France); Fondation ARC, France; Institut National du Cancer (INCA), FranceInstitut National du Cancer (INCA) France; German Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [BMBF 01 EO 0803]; Canadian Gene Cure Foundation and Finding of Rare Disease Genes (FORGE) Canada; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [AI037526] ; This study was supported by the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, le fonds de recherche clinique du Ministere de la Sante, the European Union's Seventh Research and Technological Development Framework Programme (EUROPAD contract 201549 and ERC advanced grant PID-IMMUNE contract 249816), Association Contre Le Cancer, the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (grant number: ING20130526624), la Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comite de Paris) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant: 2010-CSRD) and a government grant managed by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the Investments for the Future program (ANR-10-IAHU-01). This work in the Epigenetics group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer was supported by the La Ligue National contre le Cancer (France), Fondation ARC, France, and Institut National du Cancer (INCA), France. This study was also funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant: BMBF 01 EO 0803) and by the Canadian Gene Cure Foundation and Finding of Rare Disease Genes (FORGE) Canada. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant AI037526 to M.C.N. M.C.N. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. S.K. is a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique researcher.
WOS: 000352238600023 ; PubMed ID: 25312759 ; Background: Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination defects (CSR-D) are rare primary immunodeficiencies characterized by impaired production of switched immunoglobulin isotypes and normal or elevated IgM levels. They are caused by impaired T:B cooperation or intrinsic B cell defects. However, many immunoglobulin CSR-Ds are still undefined at the molecular level. Objective: This study's objective was to delineate new causes of immunoglobulin CSR-Ds and thus gain further insights into the process of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination (CSR). Methods: Exome sequencing in 2 immunoglobulin CSR-D patients identified variations in the INO80 gene. Functional experiments were performed to assess the function of INO80 on immunoglobulin CSR. Results: We identified recessive, nonsynonymous coding variations in the INO80 gene in 2 patients affected by defective immunoglobulin CSR. Expression of wild-type INO80 in patients' fibroblastic cells corrected their hypersensitivity to high doses of gamma-irradiation. In murine CH12-F3 cells, the INO80 complex accumulates at Sa and Em regions of the IgH locus, and downregulation of INO80 as well as its partners Reptin and Pontin impaired CSR. In addition, Reptin and Pontin were shown to interact with activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Finally, an abnormal separation of sister chromatids was observed upon INO80 downregulation in CH12-F3 cells, pinpointing its role in cohesin activity. Conclusion: INO80 deficiency appears to be associated with defective immunoglobulin CSR. We propose that the INO80 complex modulates cohesin function that may be required during immunoglobulin switch region synapsis. ; National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); le fonds de recherche clinique du Ministere de la Sante; European Union (EUROPAD) [201549]; European Union (ERC advanced grant PID-IMMUNE) [249816]; Association Contre Le Cancer; Fondation pour la Recherche MedicaleFondation pour la Recherche Medicale [ING20130526624]; la Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comite de Paris); Agence Nationale de la RechercheFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [2010-CSRD]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the Investments for the Future programFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-IAHU-01]; La Ligue National contre le Cancer (France); Fondation ARC, France; Institut National du Cancer (INCA), FranceInstitut National du Cancer (INCA) France; German Federal Ministry of Education and ResearchFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) [BMBF 01 EO 0803]; Canadian Gene Cure Foundation and Finding of Rare Disease Genes (FORGE) Canada; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [AI037526] ; This study was supported by the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, le fonds de recherche clinique du Ministere de la Sante, the European Union's Seventh Research and Technological Development Framework Programme (EUROPAD contract 201549 and ERC advanced grant PID-IMMUNE contract 249816), Association Contre Le Cancer, the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (grant number: ING20130526624), la Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comite de Paris) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant: 2010-CSRD) and a government grant managed by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the Investments for the Future program (ANR-10-IAHU-01). This work in the Epigenetics group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer was supported by the La Ligue National contre le Cancer (France), Fondation ARC, France, and Institut National du Cancer (INCA), France. This study was also funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant: BMBF 01 EO 0803) and by the Canadian Gene Cure Foundation and Finding of Rare Disease Genes (FORGE) Canada. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant AI037526 to M.C.N. M.C.N. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. S.K. is a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique researcher.
This study provides a conceptual and monitoring framework for systemic liquidity, as well as a legal assessment of the possible use of macroprudential liquidity tools in the European Union. It complements previous work on liquidity and focuses on the development of liquidity risk at the system-wide level. A dashboard with a total of 20 indicators is developed for the financial system, including banks and non-banks, to assess the build-up of systemic liquidity risk over time. In addition to examining liquidity risks, this study sheds light on the legal basis for additional macroprudential liquidity tools under existing regulation (Article 458 of the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR), Articles 105 and 103 of the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV) and national law), which is a key condition for the implementation of macroprudential liquidity tools.
For the very first time in EU history, the 2014 EP elections provided citizens with the opportunity to influence the nomination of the Commission President by casting a vote for the main Europarties' 'lead candidates'. By subjecting the position of the Commission President to an open political contest, many experts have formulated the expectation that heightened political competition would strengthen the weak electoral connection between EU citizens and EU legislators, which some consider a root cause for the EU's lack of public support. In particular, this contest was on display in the so-called 'Eurovision Debate', a televised debate between the main contenders for the Commission President broadcasted live across Europe. Drawing on a quasi-experimental study conducted in 24 EU countries, we find that debate exposure led to increased cognitive and political involvement and EU support among young citizens. Unfortunately, the debate has only reached a very small audience. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Under contemporary capitalism the extraction of value from the built environment has escalated, working in tandem with other urban processes to lay the foundations for the exploitative processes of gentrification world-wide. Global gentrifications: Uneven development and displacement critically assesses and tests the meaning and significance of gentrification in places outside the 'usual suspects' of the Global North. Informed by a rich array of case studies from cities in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Southern Europe, and beyond, the book (re)discovers the important generalities and geographical specificities associated with the uneven process of gentrification globally. It highlights intensifying global struggles over urban space and underlines gentrification as a growing and important battleground in the contemporary world. The book will be of value to students and academics, policy makers, planners and community organisations
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Contenidos Introducción / M. Cecilia Marengo, Ana Laura Elorza, Virginia Monayar ; Eje 1. Acceso al hábitat y urbanizaciones informales; Asentamientos (in)formales en pequeñas metrópolis del Cono Sur. Estado de situación y debate actual / Ricardo Apaolaza, Elizabeth Zenteno Torres, Marco Sumiza; Un análisis comparativo sobre la expansión de asentamientos populares en las ciudades patagónicas / Santiago Bachiller, Mariana Giaretto, Pablo Marigo, Natalia Usach ; Acceso al Hábitat para los ¨sin techo¨: la lucha por la tierra en la Ciudad de Posadas-Misiones / Myriam Elena Barone, Jonas Dumas, Mariela Dachary, Celia Draganchuk; El mercado informal de suelo y vivienda en resistencia. El caso del asentamiento en "La Rubita" Resistencia, Argentina / María Andrea Benitez, María Victoria Cazorla; Brazos Unidos un realojo en construcción colectiva / Borelli, Lily, Halich, Verónica; Transformaciones en el hábitat de asentamientos informales y políticas públicas sociales. El caso de barrio nuestro hogar III / Renzo Cáceres; Discursividad mediática sobre el acceso y producción del hábitat popular en el barrio Costanera / Debora Leticia Decima; Trayectorias residenciales y usos de la ciudad como clave de lectura de la lucha por el acceso a la ciudad / María Mercedes Di Virgilio, Natalia Cosacov, Denise Brikman, Mercedes Najman; Asentamientos en el borde metropolitano. Avances de investigación, reflexiones y preguntas / Lucas Jordán Dombroski; Repensando el acceso al hábitat en ciudades medias. La problemática habitacional de Tandil / Agustina Girado; Narrativas de un asentamiento de comienzos de siglo: más allá de la épica y la mafia / María Maneiro; Informalidad y periferia urbana. Derivas de la política habitacional / M. Cecilia Marengo, Virginia Monayar, Florencia Sosa; Sobre las ¿nuevas? ocupaciones de tierras. Notas para una periodización de las tomas en San Francisco Solano, 1981-2002 / Santiago Nardin Memorias villeras en disputa sobre las intervenciones estatales de erradicación en Villa 20 (1976-1983) / Julieta Oxman; El Centro para Erradicación de Villas de Emergencia. Planificación, censo y viviendas, Rosario (1964-1983) / Anahí G. Pagnoni; Ensayo de una cartografía de asentamientos informales en la Ciudad de Córdoba / German Gustavo Rebord, Andrea Karina Stiefkens; Urbanización y prácticas estatales en asentamientos populares en Comodoro Rivadavia. El caso del "Barrio las Américas" / Letizia Vázquez; Eje 2: Derecho a la ciudad: conflictos y disputas por el territorio urbano; La ciudad contra el barrio. El caso de los Barrios del Sur en San José de Costa Rica / Pablo Acuña Quiel; Procesos autogestionarios de hábitat popular y políticas urbanas en la ciudad de Ushuaia. Tierra del Fuego. Argentina / Alicia Delia Alcaráz; Conflictos y tensiones en la ocupación del suelo en Posadas. Misiones, Argentina: procesos de diferenciación / Lucia Mariana Andrujovich, Laura Josefa Krujoski,Myriam Elena Barone; Políticas públicas, exclusión y conformación de identidades colectivas / Sandra Raquel Ávalos; La reurbanización del Playón de Chacarita como problema público. Arenas, actores y políticas públicas / Joaquín Benítez; Relocalización, organización y derecho a la ciudad. El caso de Barrio Nuevo (La Plata) / María Sofía Bernat; Resistencias y disputas político-judiciales en casos de desalojos de asentamientos en Buenos Aires / María Cristina Cravino; Análisis de las herramientas territoriales de la organización ArqCom (LP) en el periodo 2012-2018 / Andrea Di Croce Garay, Nahir Meline Cantar, Ángeles Belén Carrizo Romero, Tamara Dileo; Planificación y urbanización del Barrio 31 y 31 bis / Rosana Karina Espejo; Mercado de suelo: tensiones y ambigüedades. El caso de la zona Norte de Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina / Sebastián Galvaliz, María del Rosario Olmedo; Marta Graciela Giró; Experiencias de urbanización y ciudadanización en La Carbonilla. Una propuesta de análisis en escalas / María Belén Garibotti, Luciana Boroccioni, María Florencia Girola ¿Integración? A la trama formal. De complejidades a desafíos / Carolain Izaguirre, Marion Tejera y Carolina Leiva; ¿Urbanizar o aniquilar? Disyuntivas ontológicas en los procesos de urbanización de las sierras de Córdoba / Denise Mattioli; Conflicto y construcción de resistencias en el asentamiento Barrio Flores / Emilia Elisa Molina; Conflictos territoriales y recualificación de la ribera. Los pescadores artesanales y los espacios públicos / Diego Roldán; El Bajo Belgrano: del Barrio de las Latas a la Villa 30 / Valeria Laura Snitcofsky; Líneas de fuga en un barrio de resistencia. Visualización de una lucha / Rafael Ramón Franco Spatuzza; Nuevas legalidades para la reurbanización de villas en CABA. Un desafío para los derechos / Agustín Territoriale, María Julia López; Los Vacíos Urbanos. Dinámicas Urbanas y Respuestas Innovadoras frente al Derecho a la Ciudad / Ezequiel Zeitune, Silvia A Politi, Natalia Czytajlo; Eje 3: Políticas públicas para atender la informalidad y de gestión en el hábitat popular; Tolerancia y precariedad. Advertencias de la política de regularización del Gran Resistencia al RENABAP / Miguel Ángel Barreto, Evelyn Roxana Abildgaard, María Laura Puntel; Adicciones y narcomenudeo, barreras (in) franqueables para los asentamientos informales en Tucumán, Argentina / Paula Boldrini; Políticas de relocalización de villas: ¿qué pasa después? La organización consorcial como práctica comunitaria / María Florencia Bruno, Belén Demoy, Natalia Fainburg, Romina Olejarczyk; La disputa por la participación y la noción de participación en disputa: una reflexión desde el proceso de urbanización de la Villa 31 (2015-2019) / Tomás Capalbo; Economía popular en asentamientos informales del Gran San Miguel de Tucumán / Corina María Cattáneo; La producción de territorialidades en el habitar un asentamiento: procesos de intervención estatal y disociaciones socio espaciales / Magali Chanampa; Estrategias de gestión territorial desde las políticas públicas: replicando el "modelo Medellín" con acento Cordobés / Ana Laura Elorza, Mónica Alvarado Rodríguez, Fani Balcazar, Ernesto Morillo, Mariana Gamboa; Discusiones sobre la conceptualización e identificación de asentamientos informales. Análisis de la realidad en Chubut / María Paula Ferrari, Sergio Andrés Kaminker, Roxana Yanina Velásquez; Barrios autoproducidos en ciudades intermedias. El caso de Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego AIAS / Nadia B. Finck; Luces y sombras del Programa Compra de Vivienda Usada / Elena Inés Gabriel Hernández; Programas de Inclusión Socio-Urbana: ¿Producto de última generación de la Nueva Agenda Urbana? / Fernando Murillo, Gabriel Artese, Andrés Mage; Los dispositivos de espera en las políticas habitacionales / Romina Olejarczyk; Tres debates recurrentes acerca de la vivienda para la población urbana de menores ingresos / Juan Santiago Palero; Nuevos asentamientos precarios: un desafío a la Política Habitacional y Urbana Chilena / Rubén Sepúlveda Ocampo, Felipe Núñez Orrego; Irrumpir con las recetas. Reflexiones en torno a desarrollo, políticas públicas y hábitat popular / Carla Eleonora Pedrazzani, María Inés Sesma. ; Esta publicación presenta los trabajos del I. Encuentro de la Red de Asentamientos Populares: aportes teórico -metodológicos para la reflexión sobre políticas públicas de acceso al hábitat, desarrollado los días 23 y 24 de mayo de 2019 en la Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. En las últimas dos décadas, el INVIHAB (Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat) se ha conformado como un espacio de referencia en la investigación, transferencia y formación en temáticas relativas a las políticas de vivienda, territorio, informalidad urbana, ambiente y ciudadanía. Experiencia que ha llevado a la articulación con otros espacios académicos, organizaciones socio-territoriales, gobiernos locales, en el sentido de confluir en la comprensión, reflexión y formulación de propuestas para mitigar las desigualdades socioterritoriales. En este escenario, se viene construyendo una red de investigadores que estudian la informalidad urbana desde diversos enfoques -territoriales, físico-espaciales, sociales, urbanos, laborales, entre otros- tendientes a superar las miradas parciales y locales desde los abordajes teórico metodológicos y propiciar la comprensión del fenómeno desde una perspectiva que abarque la multiplicidad de campos y su complejidad. ; FIL: Marengo, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentina. ; FIL: Elorza, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentina. ; FIL: Monayar, Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentina.
We present a search for gravitational waves from 116 known millisecond and young pulsars using data from the fifth science run of the LIGO detectors. For this search, ephemerides overlapping the run period were obtained for all pulsars using radio and X-ray observations. We demonstrate an updated search method that allows for small uncertainties in the pulsar phase parameters to be included in the search. We report no signal detection from any of the targets and therefore interpret our results as upper limits on the gravitational wave signal strength. The most interesting limits are those for young pulsars. We present updated limits on gravitational radiation from the Crab pulsar, where the measured limit is now a factor of 7 below the spin-down limit. This limits the power radiated via gravitational waves to be less than similar to 2% of the available spin-down power. For the X-ray pulsar J0537-6910 we reach the spin-down limit under the assumption that any gravitational wave signal from it stays phase locked to the X-ray pulses over timing glitches, and for pulsars J1913+1011 and J1952+3252 we are only a factor of a few above the spin-down limit. Of the recycled millisecond pulsars, several of themeasured upper limits are only about an order of magnitude above their spin-down limits. For these our best (lowest) upper limit on gravitational wave amplitude is 2.3 x 10(-26) for J1603-7202 and our best (lowest) limit on the inferred pulsar ellipticity is 7.0 x 10(-8) for J2124-3358. ; Australian Research Council ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy ; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia ; Conselleria d'Economia Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes Balears ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research ; Royal Society ; Scottish Funding Council ; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education ; Foundation for Polish Science ; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Carnegie Trust ; Leverhulme Trust ; David and Lucile Packard Foundation ; Research Corporation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; Commonwealth Government ; Astronomy
United States National Science Foundation (NSF) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom ; Max-Planck-Society (MPS) ; State of Niedersachsen/Germany ; Australian Research Council ; International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India ; Department of Science and Technology, India ; Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India ; Ministry of Human Resource Development, India ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ; Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educaci, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears ; Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter - Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research ; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education ; FOCUS Programme of Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union ; Royal Society ; Scottish Funding Council ; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) ; Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO) ; National Research Foundation of Korea ; Industry Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation ; National Science and Engineering Research Council Canada ; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation ; Carnegie Trust ; Leverhulme Trust ; David and Lucile Packard Foundation ; Research Corporation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; NSF ; STFC ; MPS ; INFN ; CNRS ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006285/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000946/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000962/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L003465/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K000845/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J00166X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000911/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: PPA/G/S/2002/00652 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000911/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: 1362895 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006277/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/H002359/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K005014/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K00137X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M006735/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M000931/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 Gravitational Waves ; We describe directed searches for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) in data from the sixth Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) science data run. The targets were nine young supernova remnants not associated with pulsars; eight of the remnants are associated with non-pulsing suspected neutron stars. One target ' s parameters are uncertain enough to warrant two searches, for a total of 10. Each search covered a broad band of frequencies and first and second frequency derivatives for a fixed sky direction. The searches coherently integrated data from the two LIGO interferometers over time spans from 5.3-25.3 days using the matched-filtering. -statistic. We found no evidence of GW signals. We set 95% confidence upper limits as strong (low) as 4 x 10(-25) on intrinsic strain, 2 x 10(-7) on fiducial ellipticity, and 4 x 10(-5) on r-mode amplitude. These beat the indirect limits from energy conservation and are within the range of theoretical predictions for neutron-star ellipticities and r-mode amplitudes.
United States National Science Foundation (NSF) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom ; Max-Planck-Society (MPS) ; State of Niedersachsen/Germany ; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Australian Research Council ; International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India ; Department of Science and Technology, India ; Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India ; Ministry of Human Resource Development, India ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ; Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educaci, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research ; National Science Centre of Poland ; European Union ; Royal Society ; Scottish Funding Council ; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) ; Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO) ; National Research Foundation of Korea ; Industry Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation ; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, Canada ; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation ; Carnegie Trust ; Leverhulme Trust ; David and Lucile Packard Foundation ; Research Corporation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; NSF ; STFC ; MPS ; INFN ; CNRS ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: 1362895 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000962/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006285/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L003465/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000962/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006285/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006242/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J000019/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N00003X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000946/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000064/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000954/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K000845/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K005014/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 Gravitational Waves ; We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in two sets of data collected by the LIGO Hanford and LIGO Livingston detectors between November 5, 2005 and September 30, 2007, and July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010, with a total observational time of 283.0 days and 132.9 days, respectively. The search targets gravitational wave transients of duration 10-500 s in a frequency band of 40-1000 Hz, with minimal assumptions about the signal waveform, polarization, source direction, or time of occurrence. All candidate triggers were consistent with the expected background; as a result we set 90% confidence upper limits on the rate of long-duration gravitational wave transients for different types of gravitational wave signals. For signals from black hole accretion disk instabilities, we set upper limits on the source rate density between 3.4 x 10(-5) and 9.4 x 10(-4) Mpc(-3) yr(-1) at 90% confidence. These are the first results from an all-sky search for unmodeled long-duration transient gravitational waves.
Advanced LIGO ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom ; Australian Research Council ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, Department of Science and Technology, India ; Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India ; Ministry of Human Resource Development, India ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ; Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educacio, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears ; National Science Centre of Poland ; FOCUS Programme of Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union ; Royal Society ; Scottish Funding Council ; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance ; Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO) ; National Research Foundation of Korea ; Industry Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation ; National Science and Engineering Research Council Canada ; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation ; Research Corporation, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan ; Kavli Foundation ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000954/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000946/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006242/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L003465/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J000019/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000072/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K000845/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000633/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M000931/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K005014/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: PPA/G/S/2002/00652 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N00003X/1 ; We present a possible observing scenario for the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We determine the expected sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron-star systems, which are considered the most promising for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5 deg(2) to 20 deg(2) will require at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of similar to 2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. Should the third LIGO detector be relocated to India as expected, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
Australian Research Council ; International Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of Australia ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, Department of Science and Technology, India ; Science and Engineering Research Board, India ; Ministry of Human Resource Development, India ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ; Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat ; Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears ; Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter - Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research ; National Science Centre of Poland ; European Union ; Royal Society ; Scottish Funding Council ; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund ; Lyon Institute of Origins ; National Research Foundation of Korea ; Industry Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation ; National Science and Engineering Research Council Canada ; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation ; Carnegie Trust ; Leverhulme Trust ; David and Lucile Packard Foundation ; Research Corporation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Conselleria d'Educacio ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000962/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: 1362895 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006285/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000962/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K000845/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K005014/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L003465/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000064/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000946/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000954/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J000019/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006242/1 Gravitational Waves ; In this paper we present the results of the first low frequency all-sky search of continuous gravitational wave signals conducted on Virgo VSR2 and VSR4 data. The search covered the full sky, a frequency range between 20 and 128 Hz with a range of spin-down between -1.0 x 10(-10) and +1.5 x 10(-11) Hz/s, and was based on a hierarchical approach. The starting point was a set of short fast Fourier transforms, of length 8192 s, built from the calibrated strain data. Aggressive data cleaning, in both the time and frequency domains, has been done in order to remove, as much as possible, the effect of disturbances of instrumental origin. On each data set a number of candidates has been selected, using the Frequency Hough transform in an incoherent step. Only coincident candidates among VSR2 and VSR4 have been examined in order to strongly reduce the false alarm probability, and the most significant candidates have been selected. The criteria we have used for candidate selection and for the coincidence step greatly reduce the harmful effect of large instrumental artifacts. Selected candidates have been subject to a follow-up by constructing a new set of longer fast Fourier transforms followed by a further incoherent analysis, still based on the Frequency Hough transform. No evidence for continuous gravitational wave signals was found, and therefore we have set a population-based joint VSR2-VSR4 90% confidence level upper limit on the dimensionless gravitational wave strain in the frequency range between 20 and 128 Hz. This is the first all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves conducted, on data of ground-based interferometric detectors, at frequencies below 50 Hz. We set upper limits in the range between about 10(-24) and 2 x 10(-23) at most frequencies. Our upper limits on signal strain show an improvement of up to a factor of similar to 2 with respect to the results of previous all-sky searches at frequencies below 80 Hz.
United States National Science Foundation (NSF) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom ; MaxPlanck- Society (MPS) ; State of Niedersachsen/Germany ; Australian Research Council ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research ; EGO consortium ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, Department of Science and Technology, India ; Science AMP; Engineering Research Board (SERB), India ; Ministry of Human Resource Development, India ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ; Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educacio Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears ; National Science Centre of Poland ; European Union ; Royal Society ; Scottish Funding Council ; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance ; Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO) ; National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation ; National Science and Engineering Research Council Canada ; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation ; Leverhulme Trust ; Research Corporation, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan ; Kavli Foundation ; NSF ; STFC ; MPS ; INFN ; CNRS ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; State of Niedersachsen/Germany: GEO600 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K005014/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000072/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: PPA/G/S/2002/00652 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000962/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J00166X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M006735/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006285/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J000019/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006285/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J000019/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: 1362895 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M000931/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000962/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000938/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K000845/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006242/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L003465/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/G504284/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000954/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N00003X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000633/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000946/1 ; The discovery of the gravitational-wave (GW) source GW150914 with the Advanced LIGO detectors provides the first observational evidence for the existence of binary black hole (BH) systems that inspiral and merge within the age of the universe. Such BH mergers have been predicted in two main types of formation models, involving isolated binaries in galactic fields or dynamical interactions in young and old dense stellar environments. The measured masses robustly demonstrate that relatively heavy BHs (greater than or similar to 25M(circle dot)) can form in nature. This discovery implies relatively weak massive-star winds and thus the formation of GW150914 in an environment with a metallicity lower than about 1/2 of the solar value. The rate of binary-BH (BBH) mergers inferred from the observation of GW150914 is consistent with the higher end of rate predictions (greater than or similar to 1 Gpc(-3) yr(-1)) from both types of formation models. The low measured redshift (z similar or equal to 0.1) of GW150914 and the low inferred metallicity of the stellar progenitor imply either BBH formation in a low-mass galaxy in the local universe and a prompt merger, or formation at high redshift with a time delay between formation and merger of several Gyr. This discovery motivates further studies of binary-BH formation astrophysics. It also has implications for future detections and studies by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, and GW detectors in space.
United States National Science Foundation (NSF) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom ; Max-Planck Society ; State of Niedersachsen/Germany ; Australian Research Council ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research ; EGO consortium ; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India ; Department of Science and Technology, India ; Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India ; Ministry of Human Resource Development, India ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ; Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educacio Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears ; National Science Centre of Poland ; European Commission ; Royal Society ; Scottish Funding Council ; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance ; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) ; Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO) ; National Research Foundation of Korea ; Industry Canada ; Province of Ontario through Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation ; National Science and Engineering Research Council Canada ; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research ; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research ; Leverhulme Trust ; Research Corporation ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan ; Kavli Foundation ; Australian Government ; National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy ; Government of Western Australia ; United States Department of Energy ; United States National Science Foundation ; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain ; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom ; Higher Education Funding Council for England ; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago ; Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University ; Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University ; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ; Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey ; National Science Foundation ; MINECO ; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa ; European Research Council under European Union's Seventh Framework Programme ; ERC ; NASA (United States) ; DOE (United States) ; IN2P3/CNRS (France) ; CEA/Irfu (France) ; ASI (Italy) ; INFN (Italy) ; MEXT (Japan) ; KEK (Japan) ; JAXA (Japan) ; Wallenberg Foundation ; Swedish Research Council ; National Space Board (Sweden) ; NASA in the United States ; DRL in Germany ; INAF for the project Gravitational Wave Astronomy with the first detections of adLIGO and adVIRGO experiments ; ESA (Denmark) ; ESA (France) ; ESA (Germany) ; ESA (Italy) ; ESA (Switzerland) ; ESA (Spain) ; German INTEGRAL through DLR grant ; US under NASA Grant ; National Science Foundation PIRE program grant ; Hubble Fellowship ; KAKENHI of MEXT Japan ; JSPS ; Optical and Near-Infrared Astronomy Inter-University Cooperation Program - MEXT ; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council ; ERC Advanced Investigator Grant ; Lomonosov Moscow State University Development programm ; Moscow Union OPTICA ; Russian Science Foundation ; National Research Foundation of South Africa ; Australian Government Department of Industry and Science and Department of Education (National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy: NCRIS) ; NVIDIA at Harvard University ; University of Hawaii ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Planetary Defense Office ; Queen's University Belfast ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate ; European Research Council under European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/ERC ; STFC grants ; European Union FP7 programme through ERC ; STFC through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship ; FONDECYT ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) ; NASA in the US ; UK Space Agency in the UK ; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) in Italy ; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia (MinCyT) ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas (CONICET) from Argentina ; USA NSF PHYS ; NSF ; ICREA ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; UK Space Agency ; National Science Foundation: AST-1138766 ; National Science Foundation: AST-1238877 ; MINECO: AYA2012-39559 ; MINECO: ESP2013-48274 ; MINECO: FPA2013-47986 ; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa: SEV-2012-0234 ; ERC: 240672 ; ERC: 291329 ; ERC: 306478 ; German INTEGRAL through DLR grant: 50 OG 1101 ; US under NASA Grant: NNX15AU74G ; National Science Foundation PIRE program grant: 1545949 ; Hubble Fellowship: HST-HF-51325.01 ; KAKENHI of MEXT Japan: 24103003 ; KAKENHI of MEXT Japan: 15H00774 ; KAKENHI of MEXT Japan: 15H00788 ; JSPS: 15H02069 ; JSPS: 15H02075 ; ERC Advanced Investigator Grant: 267697 ; Russian Science Foundation: 16-12-00085 ; Russian Science Foundation: RFBR15-02-07875 ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Planetary Defense Office: NNX14AM74G ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate: NNX08AR22G ; European Research Council under European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/ERC: 291222 ; STFC grants: ST/I001123/1 ; STFC grants: ST/L000709/1 ; European Union FP7 programme through ERC: 320360 ; FONDECYT: 3140326 ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO): CE110001020 ; USA NSF PHYS: 1156600 ; NSF: 1242090 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000946/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K005014/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000668/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M000966/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000709/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J00166X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K000845/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K00090X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000633/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/H001972/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L000733/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000757/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M001334/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J000019/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M003035/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I001123/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N00003X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I006269/1 Gravitational Waves ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000072/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L003465/1 ; UK Space Agency: ST/P002196/1 ; This Supplement provides supporting material for Abbott et al. (2016a). We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands.