Suchergebnisse

This study adds to a growing body of research on the contextual determinants of marriage choice and provides new information on ethnic intermarriage in the late 19th century. Census microdata for 66 major cities in 1880 are used to estimate a multilevel model of assortative mating of Irish, German, and British immigrants. Results demonstrate that marital choices made by individuals are significantly affected by the local urban context where they live. In addition, the very large disparity in endogamy between the British and other groups can mainly be attributed to the smaller size of the British population in these cities.

We provide new evidence on two hypotheses associated with the model of the city as a growth machine. The first posits the pervasive influence of pro‐growth coalitions in local governing regimes. The second asserts that growth regimes make a difference to local development. Census data from 1980 and 1990 and data from a survey of community leaders in nearly 300 incorporated suburban communities are used to assess these hypotheses. In support of the first hypothesis, we find that pro‐growth coalitions represent by far the most common type of political regime, but are less likely to dominate the local politics of higher‐status communities. The type of regime prevailing in a suburb has a significant impact on the growth‐related policies adopted by the community. However, there is no evidence that either growth policy or the type of political regime significantly influences changes in population size, racial composition, or median income of these suburbs. These results cast doubt on the assumed efficacy of local growth policies and raise additional questions regarding the impacts of extra‐local factors in the development of suburban municipalities.

Do minorities live in higher crime neighborhoods because they lack the class resources to live in better areas, or do racial differences in exposure to crime persist even for blacks and whites of comparable backgrounds? Does living in the suburbs reduce exposure to crime equally for whites and blacks? This study analyzes the determinants of living in local areas with higher or lower crime rates in the Cleveland metropolitan region in 1990. Multivariate models are estimated for whites and blacks, with separate models for city and suburban residents and for violent crime and property crime. Within the city, exposure to both types of crime is strongly related to socioeconomic status for both races, but there are also strong independent effects of race on exposure to violent crime. In the suburbs, whites are concentrated in communities with low crime rates regardless of their social class. There are substantial class differences among suburban nonwhites, but even afluent blacks live in places with a higher violent crime rate than do poor whites.

The organization of ethnic minority groups into certain occupational niches in Los Angeles & New York & the effects of such organization on these groups' socioeconomic success are studied. Using 1990 US Census data, the representation of ethnic minority workers in certain occupational enclaves & the influence of economic-sectoral location on ethnic minority workers' hours & incomes are measured. Although the findings indicate that Mexican & Puerto Rican workers were overrepresented in specific occupational niches, new immigrant groups (eg, Korean & Chinese) had high self-employment rates, thus resulting in the establishment of "ethnic economies," but such entrepreneurship did not bring them high earnings. Rather than recommend self-employment as a strategy for augmenting Mexican workers' socioeconomic success, it is suggested that these individuals seek positions in public employment. The need to conduct additional research that examines the effects of ethnic enclaves on ethnic minority groups' socioeconomic success is expressed. 7 Tables, 20 References. J. W. Parker

The authors address a major difficulty associated with research on spatial processes. Although theory frequently demands analytic models that combine variables from individual and locational (or aggregate) levels, appropriate data sets are rarely available. The authors demonstrate that, in many circumstances, it is nevertheless possible to construct individual-level multivariate models by using aggregate census files and microdata samples, and they describe a method for doing so. They illustrate this method with an analysis of suburban location in the metropolitan area around New York City, focusing on two features of suburban communities-their homeownership level and median household income.

An examinaton of the effects of racial residential segregation on rates of suburban violent crimes. Robert K. Merton's theory of social structure & anomie is used as a starting point for the hypothesis that racial residential segregation will exhibit positive associations with rates of criminal violence in the suburbs. Regression analyses of 1970 & 1980 US census data on the surburban rings of 54 metropolitan areas generally support this hypothesis. The results underscore the utility of considering racial residential segregation as an independent variable with important consequences for metropolitan communities. 4 Tables, 64 References. Modified HA

Relationship in 54 metropolitan areas, 1970-80; U.S.