Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction / Mike Goldsmith and Ed Page -- 2. Belgium / Filip de Rynck and Ellen Wayenberg -- 3. The Czech Republic / Martin Brusis -- 4. Denmark / Vibeke Normann Andersen -- 5. France / Gilles Pinson -- 6. Germany / Angelika Vetter -- 7. Hungary / Gabor Soos -- 8. Italy / Luigi Bobbio and Stefano Piperno -- 9. The Netherlands / Trui Steen and Theo A. J. Toonen -- 10. Norway / Anne Lise Fimreite and Tommy Tranvik -- 11. Spain / Francesc Morata and John Etherington -- 12. Sweden / Henry Back and Vicki Johansson -- 13. Switzerland / Andreas Ladner -- 14. The United Kingdom / Helen Sullivan -- 15. Conclusions / Mike Goldsmith and Ed Page.

Conflicting pressures to increase public expenditure and restrict taxation have created fiscal stress in many major cities. In Britain, the problem is highlighted because central government is responsible for so large a portion of local government revenue, but not for its spending. The object of this book is to identify the extent, the causes and consequences of fiscal stress as it affected local government in the 1980s. To do this, the editors have brought together a multidisciplinary team of scholars working on the substantive problems facing cities, as well as experts in the urban economy and central-local government relations

With the adoption of the Warsaw International Mechanism in 2013, the international community recognised that anthropogenic climate change will result in a range of adverse effects despite policies of mitigation and adaptation. Addressing these climatic 'losses and damages' is now a key dimension of international climate change negotiations. This article presents a normative framework for thinking about loss and damage designed to inform, and give meaning to, these negotiations. It argues that policies addressing loss and damage, particularly those targeting developing countries, should respect norms of compensatory justice which aim to make victims of unwarranted climatic disruptions 'whole again'. The article develops a typology of different kinds of climate change disruption and uses it to (1) explain the differences between 'losses' and 'damages', (2) assign priorities among compensatory measures seeking to address loss and damage and (3) explore a range of equitable responses to loss and damage.