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As a conceptual term, ''counterpublic'' serves scholarship best when contributing to a critical-theory project, which means that particular constellations of materiality and ideology may bolster some calls for counterpublicity while gainsaying others. This may be investigated by examining how a text upholds or betrays an advocate's values, seeking out textual markers of access and influence that belie claims of marginalization, and assessing whether an advocate's discourse implicitly or explicitly widens or narrows discursive space for others. From this perspective, although William Simon claimed that pro-business advocates had been excluded from public debates in his 1978 book A Time for Truth, he nevertheless asserted a commitment to negative liberty that discounted potentially conflicting values in a pluralistic society, evidenced strong financial and political connections as well as a patrician background and bearing, and restricted discursive space for others.

Intro -- The Beach Beneath the Streets -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1. REPRESSION -- Introduction: Control, Exclusion, and Play in Today's Future City -- 1. Seeing Space Through Exclusion and Control -- 2. Dispersing the Crowd: Bonus Plazas and the Creation of Public Space -- 3. The City as Seen from the Plaza: Changing Regimes of Private Control -- Part 2. RESISTANCE -- Introductory Notes to Part 2 -- 4. Fences and Piers: An Investigation of a Disappearing Queer Community Space -- 5. "If We Can't Dance It's Not Our Revolution": Reclaiming the Streets and Creating Autonomous Space -- 6. Gardens, Streets, and Convivial Places: The Struggle for a Ludic Counterpublic -- 7. From Contested to Popular Space: NewYork's Bike Lane Liberation Clowns -- 8. Conclusion: This Land IsYour Land? -- Notes -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- m -- N -- O -- p -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Introduction : theorizing multidirectional memory in a transnational age -- Boomerang effects : bare life, trauma, and the colonial turn in Holocaust studies -- At the limits of Eurocentrism : Hannah Arendt's The origins of totalitarianism -- "Un choc en retour": Aimé Césaire's discourses on colonialism and genocide -- Migrations of memory : ruins, ghettos, diasporas -- W.E.B. Du Bois in Warsaw : Holocaust memory and the color line -- Anachronistic aesthetics : André Schwarz-Bart and Caryl Phillips on the ruins of memory -- Truth, torture, testimony : Holocaust memory during the Algerian War -- The work of testimony in the age of decolonization : chronicle of a summer and the emergence of the Holocaust survivor -- The counterpublic witness : Charlotte Delbo's Les belles lettres -- October 17, 1961 : a site of Holocaust memory? -- A tale of three ghettos : race, gender, and "universality" around 1961 -- Hidden children : the ethics of multigenerational memory after 1961 -- Epilogue : multidirectional memory in an age of occupations

Online queer fan spaces around dangai (Chinese television drama adaptations of danmei, or Chinese novels centering homosexual content) have emerged as places of debate and dialogue as well as a counterpublic to the hegemony of Western media representations of same-sex relationships. I analyze queer fan spaces and responses to the danmei Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation and its dangai adaptation The Untamed to showcase how queer Asia has emerged as a radical reimagining of generalizations made in favor of a single global queer voice. I explore how the novel and the drama subvert heterogendered stereotypes and highlight both the dynamic nature of political censorship and the subversive power of queer Asian communities. Placing queer kinship in online fan spaces at the forefront, I present a radical rereading of existing stereotypes associated with danmei and dangai, offering alternate possibilities to the terms "queer" and "Asian."

Social media users are increasingly aware of the politics of their viewing habits, and they attempt to express these politics through interactions with proprietary algorithms. Combining theories about audience commodities with scholarship about "algorithmic imaginaries," I define "algorithmically imagined audiences" as a kind of algorithmic imaginary, and I analyze 103 TikTok videos to explore how people attempt to politically engage with algorithms to position themselves within audiences. Although algorithms and audiences are proprietary, TikTokers believe they can reassert public control over audience commodities to engage in counterpublic world-making and to re-position themselves within imagined communities. While these practices are impactful, they have conceptual and practical limits; these same tactics are used to reprivatize audience commodities and to reinscribe the neoliberal capitalist underpinnings. This article raises questions for future researchers about the opportunities and limits of sociotechnical beliefs.

ABSTRACT
This article argues that we need to see the utopian dimension of the early days of the "Solidarność" independent workers' union, created in August 1980 in Gdańsk, Poland, not as a nostalgically recalled event of the distant past, exceptional and therefore petrified as a remnant of past generations, but as a lively political inspiration for our theory and practice for the future. In order to discuss Solidarność as utopia, the article revisits the "proletarian counterpublics" of Kluge and Negt, seeking in their analysis an alternative to the highly elitist analysis of the bourgeois public sphere offered by Jürgen Habermas, which still constitutes the main reference for public articulation of oppositional political will. This article asserts that between the Solidarność counterpublic practice and today there is an intergenerational pact, a weak messianism, to explore: not merely a nostalgic one but with a vision of the future.

This paper engages with the politics of remembering and forgetting that surround the unsettled history of the 1985 Air India bombings. In particular, I use the concepts Nachträglichkeit and "affective recircuitry" to describe the way in which the bombings have been problematically and retroactively framed through a post-9/11 "war on terror" lens in recent, public recollections of this traumatic past. Examples are drawn from the federal Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India 182, as well as from public memorial sites and ceremonies dedicated to those killed in the bombings. The paper also centres on a reading of Eisha Majara's new photomontage series Remember Me Nought to consider how artistic commemorations might contribute to a critical counterpublic in response to the injustices that continue to manifest in the ongoing aftermath of this mass violence. ; https://public.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/public/article/view/32063 ; Postprint version

International audience ; This article discusses the idea of a 'cultural public sphere' together with related notions of 'the' public sphere, 'counterpublics' and 'discourse publics'. It argues that the cultural public sphere emerges from cultural sources (e.g. ethnic identity) rather than political ones and is organized through private pursuits such as music, domestic life and leisure or entertainment venues. The article investigates the formation of a cultural public sphere by using the December 2005 'race riots' on Australian beaches as a case study. It argues that culture interacts with politics as 'new' media interact with mainstream news; and that counterpublic spheres interact with the cultural public sphere as 'internal' communication coexists with 'external'. The role of mainstream media in reporting and commenting on extreme displays is in part to stage conflict so that the general public can think through cultural-political issues via the theatrics.

This article discusses the idea of a 'cultural public sphere' together with related notions of 'the' public sphere, 'counterpublics' and 'discourse publics'. It argues that the cultural public sphere emerges from cultural sources (e.g. ethnic identity) rather than political ones and is organized through private pursuits such as music, domestic life and leisure or entertainment venues. The article investigates the formation of a cultural public sphere by using the December 2005 'race riots' on Australian beaches as a case study. It argues that culture interacts with politics as 'new' media interact with mainstream news; and that counterpublic spheres interact with the cultural public sphere as 'internal' communication coexists with 'external'. The role of mainstream media in reporting and commenting on extreme displays is in part to stage conflict so that the general public can think through cultural-political issues via the theatrics.

International audience This research examines bicyclists' demand for the right to the city through an analysis of Critical Mass (CM) rides in San Francisco, California. The lack of investment allocated to alternative forms of transportation in the United States produces a form of social and spatial injustice because it eliminates freedom of choice not only for already disadvantaged populations but also for those who engage in everyday politics through their lifestyle choices. Ethnographic, historical, and iconographic analyses of CM rides demonstrate how these bicyclists perceive each other as a public built around shared values and lifestyles (that may broadly be defined as environmentally friendly and socially responsible). Bicyclists' shared lifestyle defines their counter position on urban form. CM bicyclists appropriate urban streets and carry their counterdiscourses regarding street use into the public sphere. The rides strengthen bicyclists as a counterpublic, challenge automobiles' cultural hegemony in modern urban life, subvert everyday urban experience, and allow bicyclists to create their counterspaces as they collectively ride.

To explore the connections between Chinese online fiction fandom and feminism, in-depth interviews were conducted with thirty-two Chinese women and nonbinary fans of online fiction. Online fiction fandom is both a counterpublic and an intimate public in which women and nonbinary fans are connected by a common interest, their feminist identities are formed through or emerge through participation in such a public, and their shared values and understanding of feminism create a closer sense of belonging and affective solidarity. Engaging with feminism through online fiction is a form of digital feminism, creating feminist consciousness among online fiction fans through literary and discursive constructs. Women-oriented online fiction has become a space for many young Chinese women and nonbinary people to criticize and challenge patriarchal gender norms and reflect on mainstream gender relations. This space continues to produce educational cultural resources that make feminist learning and practice a work in progress.

Abstract
Since its early days, the labor movement has considered itself to be surrounded by a hostile bourgeois public and sought to counter this with a party press. As a result of the Cold War, Western social democratic parties abandoned in part their traditional beliefs about demarcation. Nevertheless, with the International Federation of the Socialist and Democratic Press, an organization emerged from 1951 to 1982 that manifested separation from the bourgeois public sphere. Drawing on an analytical framework derived from counterpublic theory, this article analyzes ideas and practices developed by members of the organization linked to the Socialist International. The analysis of archival sources reveals that social democratic journalists and publishers remained wedded to the idea of a socialist press countering a hostile public sphere. However, the ideas and practices were mostly limited to strategies aimed at adapting to the existing media structures and only later included media policy approaches.

Many studies have illustrated how digital media can facilitate political criticisms and protests, but recent scholarship has noted the ability of authoritarian states to control the Internet and undermine its oppositional character. This study focuses on the "hybrid regime" of Hong Kong, where the progovernment forces have tried to counteract the formation of an online counterpublic sphere by setting up numerous online outposts since the mid-2010s. It examines how exposure to progovernment online media content is related to political attitudes. In addition to a direct relationship, drawing on inoculation theory, this article contends that progovernment online media may also consolidate support for the government by neutralizing the influence of online alternative media. Survey data analysis shows that exposure to progovernment online media content indeed related to more conservative views, and the connection between online alternative media use and prodemocracy attitudes was weaker among older citizens regularly exposed to progovernment online media.

This study examines the online communicative dynamics between women and men during the Saudi women's rights campaign to end male guardianship, which unfolded on Twitter. We analysed 2.7 million tweets with the #EndMaleGuardianship hashtag over a 7-month period quantitatively and 150,245 of these qualitatively to examine the extent to which Twitter shapes and facilitates cross-gender communication, and how this helped engender new spaces for expression of dissent. Our study shows that Twitter provided shared online communicative spaces that had several characteristics commonly associated with public sphere(s). There is also evidence that using these alternatives spaces, women transcended to an extent the gender segregation that exists in traditional public discourses and spaces of Saudi society. The anonymity of Twitter offered women a safe place to deliberate their concerns about male guardianship. We suggest that these deliberations created a counterpublic sphere of sorts, which helped Saudi women legitimise the #EndMaleGuardianship campaign.

This article examines the opportunities and challenges of using the Internet both to promote collective action and identity in the Singapore gay community and as a medium for health intervention. It presents a case study of a community-empowerment project by civil society group Action for AIDS. Framed within a societal context which is hostile toward gay people, and in a place where mixed-media campaigns targeting men who have sex with other men (MSM) are prohibited, this article explores the viability of the Internet as an alternative channel to mass media in reaching out to MSM in Singapore. Through a series of semi-structured interviews and virtual ethnographic content analyses, this article weighs the democratizing and collaborative affordances of the Internet against the uninhibited nature of online discussions in the formation of a counterpublic of sexuality where gay individuals collectively elaborate on meanings about erotic practices, identity, and relations between each other and with the state.