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The unemployment problem is triggered by the imbalance of job opportunities and the number of job seekers, especially in rural areas. Besides, restrictions on working women based on customs and norms in the village make it difficult for women to find work. The view that women should focus on domestic and family matters. It limits women to work to help improve the family economy. Thus, empowerment for women through community empowerment group is needed to be able to carry out economic activities without having to leave their duties as a housewife. The theoretical framework of this study is the theory of liberal feminism gender based on women's freedom and equality. This study uses a qualitative method and purposive sampling. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are that empowering women can do business on a micro-scale to help increase family income; Also, this research explains about equality between women and men, and forms of women's participation, democracy, transparency, and accountability in women's empowerment programs. Keywords: Self-help groups, Gender equality, government programs Referensi: Idrus, Muhammad. 2009. Metode Penelitian Ilmu Sosial. Cetakan Kedua. Jakarta: Erlangga Irwan, P. 2006. Penelitian Kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial. Depok: FISIP UI PRES Jamaluddin, Dr. Adon Nasrullah. 2015. Sosiologi Perkotaan. Surakarta : Pustaka Setia Materi Pelatihan Tim Vrifikasi PNPM-MP Keamatan Jangkar Tahun 2010 Moleong, Lexy. 2008. Metode penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya Nazir. 1988. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Galia Indonesia Profil Desa Pesanggrahan Tahun 2018 Satori Djam'an, Komariah Aan. 2012. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung :Alfabeta Sugihastuti, Saptiawan Itsna Hadi. 2007. Gender & Inferioritas Perempuan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Sugiyono. 2005. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung : Alfabeta

Jokes are specific discourses that contain cultural, historical and region-specific references. In order to understand the salience of these discourses, the common ground of interlocutors is significantly important. The current study explores how non-natives English speakers comprehend English jokes. In addition, it aims to know the difficulties and the lexical issues encountered by Pakhtoon and Sindhi participants in interpreting English jokes. The researchers used a mixed-method approach for this study. The population of this study includes Pakhtoon and Sindhi undergraduate students.A sample of 20 students was selected and two types of tools were used to check the English jokes comprehension skills of participants. The socio-cognitive approach is used as a theoretical framework and the results of quantitative data were presented with the help of pie charts. Results of this study show that ethnic, religious, racial, and jokes having historic references are difficult to understand. Individuals' social knowledge of English culture is important for comprehending English jokes. Knowledge of semantic expressions, ample knowledge and wisdom of culture-specific words and idioms are important for identifying the salience aspects of English jokes.

Abstract
School social workers (SSWs) play a vital role in district-level education, but ambiguity within our collective understanding of school social work is a pervasive problem. Clarity of the SSW role is important for communities of place (schools), practice (SSWs), and circumstance (consumers of school social work). This research recruited and surveyed 52 SSWs in a focal state to contextualize their practice domains and professional capacity. Findings broadly pertain to the actual and idealized education and training of SSWs, as well as their case-level and cause/system-level job functions. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for policy, practice, and future research.

As a leader, the principal must have several competencies. Social competence is one of the competencies that must be possessed by the principal as a leader in the school. This is directly related to the way the principal communicates with all school residents. If the school principal has sensitivity towards all school members, there will be no obstacles, so the aims and objectives of the school will be more easily achieved. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research on how the principal's social sensitivity to citizens or community groups in schools. The purpose of this study is to describe the principal's social sensitivity towards other people or groups. By knowing this, principals can consider better behavior patterns. The results of the study revealed that social competence in terms of social sensitivity to other people or other groups, the principal of SMA Negeri (State High School) 11 Rejang Lebong was able to play a role as a decision maker, especially in overcoming various problems that occur at school, creative and able to offer solutions, involving religious leaders, the community, and government in resolving various problems, being objective or not taking sides in resolving internal conflicts, being sympathetic or considerate and empathizing with others. Researchers provide advice to school principals to continue the efforts on social sensitivity to other people or other groups, especially in high school 11 Rejang Lebong.

This article discusses domestic violence, providing information and a review of literature regarding this phenomena. The article then goes on to describe a protocol developed by the Orange County (California) mediation and investigative unit that provides protection to the alleged victim of violence through the use of assessment interviews, co‐mediation with a male‐female mediation team, and the development of postparenting arrangements that provide for protection and security. The article also reviews a sample of 100 domestic violence cases handled in Orange County during 1991. Data from this research suggest that mediators using the protocols described in this article are able to guide the more serious, high‐risk cases into more protective outcomes and that mediation can provide a very important adjunct to the trial court process.

Linguistik adalah studi ilmiah tentang bahasa. Ini melibatkan analisis bentuk bahasa, makna bahasa, dan bahasa dalam konteks, serta analisis faktor-faktor sosial, budaya, sejarah, dan politik yang mempengaruhi bahasa. Metode penelitian adalah cara untuk memecahkan masalah penelitian secara sistematis. Ini dapat dipahami sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana penelitian dilakukan secara ilmiah. Berdasarkan tabel 1 di atas, penulis menemukan bahwa ada lima kata sebagai contoh reduplikasi penuh kata benda yang digunakan dalam bahasa Uab Meto. Reduplikasi penuh dari nomina digabungkan dengan infinitive noun dan mereduplikasi penuh dari noun yang sama. Kata yang digandakan memiliki arti yang berbeda. Ada tiga jenis reduplikasi dalam bahasa Uab Meto, yaitu reduplikasi penuh terdiri dari reduplikasi penuh kata benda, reduplikasi penuh kata kerja, reduplikasi penuh kata sifat, reduplikasi penuh kata keterangan.

AbstractThis study used the data from 64 nonresidential fathers who had their children placed in foster care to describe their characteristics. The survey included questions about demographic background and personal challenges, the father's involvement with his child in foster care, the father's relationship with the mother, barriers to the father's involvement, and the relationship with child welfare agencies and workers. The average age of the participants was about 39 years, and the majority of them were African American. About 70% of the fathers reported low levels of education. Almost 69% of fathers reported frequent face‐to‐face contact with their children. On average, the participants were arrested 2.6 times, and it ranged from 0 to 34. More research is necessary to learn more about these fathers, develop programs to help them become a viable source for permanency option, and become more involved in their children's lives.

A descriptive study on the university library service in some government university libraries in Indonesia

A descriptive study on the university library service in some government university libraries in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Health system support is crucial for quality child healthcare. Therefore, this baseline survey, which is part of the community-based management study of severe pneumonia, was conducted to assess the state of health system support of IMNCI and iCCM, and health workers' knowledge in managing childhood pneumonia at health facilities. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 99 government health institutions in South Ethiopia from 07 to 14 January, 2018. A questionnaire for health system support and case scenario for the management of severe pneumonia was adapted from the WHO health facility survey tool. The questionnaire's interview, facility observation, case scenario and retrospective record review were all used as data collection methods. Indicators of health system support in the context of an integrated management of childhood illness were used. Proportions for categorical variables and means for continuous variables were also computed for each indicator. Mean score was analysed for assessing the knowledge of health workers in managing the case scenario. RESULTS: In the study area, only 12 (34%) of health centres and 18 (29%) of health posts received supervision, which included the observation of case management. The mean number of essential oral antibiotics for the home treatment of pneumonia available at the facility was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.3), whereas the mean number of pre-referral drugs for the treatment of severe pneumonia was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.6). Approximately 47 (48%; 95% CI 37.7 to 57.3) of the surveyed health facilities had materials and equipment to support vaccination services, and 71 (72%; 95% CI 62.8 to 80.6) of them had the vaccines on the day of the survey. Only four (4%; 95% CI 0.3 to 8.3) of the health facilities had all the essential job aids and supplies for providing services for pneumonia. The providers' mean knowledge score for the management of severe childhood pneumonia was 14.9 out of 22 correct answers. CONCLUSION: There is a room to improve the health system support to integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness through supply chain management and knowledge of health workers in the management of severe pneumonia by providing training.