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This article examines unfulfilled identity, which is expressed in the subject's inability to actualize his or her identity due to internal complexes or social pressures. First, the main types of mistakes that can lead to erroneous actions and processes are highlighted. These processes, form an unfulfilled identity. The first type of mistake is the misunderstanding of one's own natural state and social expectations. In this case, the subject cannot relate his or her abilities, characteristics and functional properties to reality. As a result, there is a tendency to form only the apparent integrity of an identity that can easily collapse. As a result, the subject is unable to be fully established as a person. This kind of identity has been called a 'failed' identity. The second mistake is to shift perception to external factors, disregarding internal experiences and attitudes. Thus, one's interests, needs, and desires are replaced by others that are taken from the environment. A substituted identity is formed, which also does not have the property of completeness because of the lack of systemic connections between the personality and reality. Such an identity is called 'substituted'. The author discusses the main reasons for the formation of an unfulfilled identity. The reasons are divided into different systems: global, local-social and individual. Thus, the first cause is identified as globalization. Its influence covers all subsequent systems. Globalization leads to the blurring of norms, differentiation and separation of values and attitudes. The processes of upbringing within different social institutions are included in the local-social system. The author outlines the main problems of upbringing and growing up, which affect the formation of identity. Subjective distortions are on the next level, complexes and mistakes that lead to unfulfillment. They include the inability to concentrate and accept the consequences of choices, associated with a lack of responsibility; denial of biological determinants and the narrative of one's own existence, a lack of life resources.

This article refocuses the discussion of identity in narrative and practice by looking at structuring-in-practice and beyond to the discourse functions of identity. The narrative of an Ethiopian Israeli female college student is analyzed, wherein she tells about changing elementary schools — a context mirroring the immediate situation in her new academic setting. The analysis identifies and labels the partial, microgenetic elicitation of identity-attributable imagery in each utterance and then consolidates the accumulation of those images into the various groupings relevant in the narrative. In the particular narrative studied here all consolidated images contrast against the one identity-attributable image that is interactionally advantageous. This result, found in all 28 prototypical narratives in my corpus of 46, is evidence of a poetic identity structuring of narrative serving two discourse functions: (1) metasemantic- the contrastive identity work creates and indexes the narrative's Complication and its subsequent Resolution; (2) metapragmatic- the contrastive identity work creates and indexes the identity for impression management. The contrastive basis of the poetic identity structure of narrative is indicative of much Western identity and narrative construction. Thus, identity and narrative are shown to stand in reflexive relation one to the other, where identity is an 'indexical icon', a map of itself drawn in the very narrative from which it emerges.

This document contains the Table of Contents, a Foreword by Hon. Michael Refalo - Minister of Youth and the Arts, and Editors' Preface. ; It has been said that the smaller a nation is, the more its territory has the character of 'the natal soil'. Smallness retains integrity, facilities human contact, and is more likely to have natural boundaries. In the case of the closely connected Maltese Islands in the central Mediterranean, the feeling of 'home' (heimat in German) could overlap with and evolve into the feeling of 'nation' (patria) with relative ease.The Upper Barracca garden in Valletta on the former Sceberras peninsula has long provided a grand-stand view not only of the magnificent harbours busy with naval, maritime and passenger activity, nor simply of the defensive and aesthetically impressive network of massive fortifications surrounding it, but also an instant sense of Malta's people: of the whereabouts of a good part of the entire population of the country. ; peer-reviewed

It is commonplace in European constitutional practice and theory to use the terms 'national identity' and 'constitutional identity' interchangeably. On the one hand, several Advocates General to the European Court of Justice have employed the concept of 'constitutional identity' to delineate what is protected under Article 4(2) TEU, even though, strictly speaking that Treaty provision refers to the Member States' national identities, inherent in their fundamental structures. On the other hand, certain domestic constitutional courts which present themselves as the ultimate defenders of the identity of their constitution have pointed to Article 4(2) TEU to legitimate their assumed power to review secondary EU law against their constitutional identity. Against this background, it should not be a surprise that, also in academic commentary, there is a strong tendency to equate national with constitutional identity. This article swims against the tide. It defies the conflation of national and constitutional identity prevalent in European constitutionalism. To this end, it makes three central points. First, it is submitted that the said conflation is not founded on a solid theory of legal interpretation. Second, this paper advances the argument that the obligation to respect the national identities of the Member States, as enshrined in Article 4(2) TEU, rests on different normative assumptions than the claim, made by certain constitutional courts, that European law must comply with constitutional identity for it to be applicable in the domestic legal order. Whereas the Union's obligation to pay heed to national identity is grounded in a liberal concern for the respectful treatment of the members of a multinational political community, the constitutional courts' preoccupation with constitutional identity rests on a particular conception of sovereignty. In other words, the demands for respect for national and constitutional identity are informed by distinct theoretical narratives. Third, it is argued that the Treaty makers had good reasons for writing into the EU Treaty a requirement of respect for the Member States' national identities rather than the States' sovereignty, or their constitutional identity, for that matter. The Treaties' focus on national identity should therefore be embraced and taken seriously.

AbstractThis paper draws on the cultural-materialist paradigm articulated by Raymond Williams to offer a radical historicisation of identity and identity-politics in capitalist societies. A keywords analysis reveals surprisingly that identity, as it is elaborated in the familiar categories of personal and social identity, is a relatively novel concept in Western thought, politics and culture. The claim is not the standard one that people's 'identities' became more important and apparent in advanced capitalist societies, but that identity itself came to operate as a new and key mechanism for construing, shaping and narrating experiences of selfhood and grouphood in this period. From a cultural-materialist perspective, the emergence and evolution of this idea of identity can only be properly understood in relation to the social contexts of its use, namely, the new contexts of consumption of capitalist societies, and the development of new forms of group-based struggle from the 1960s. What the analysis shows is that it was the commercialisation and politicisation of older essentialist understandings of selfhood and grouphood in these contexts that has given rise to the concepts of personal and social identity as we know them today.By exploring the material conditions that have given rise to the contemporary powerful attachment to 'identity', this paper offers a new point of departure from which to pursue many issues of concern to critical theorists and radical activists today, including the conflict over identity politics in radical circles, the historical and social processes behind their development and at least partial co-option, and their relation to neoliberal political-economic formations today.

Preliminary Material /A.J.G. Van Der Borght -- Christian Identity: An Introduction /Eduardus Van Der Borght -- Christian Identity Is Identity In Christ /Abraham Van De Beek -- Devastating Grace: Justificatio Impii And I-Dentity /Phillipe (Flip) Theron -- Christian Identity As Baptismal Identity /Christiaan Mostert -- Christian Baptism And An Identity Of Inclusivity, Dignity, And Holiness /Nico Koopman -- Christian Identity And National Identity /Ferenc Szucs -- Christian Identity. Augustine On Faith, Hope, And Love /J.H. (Amie) Van Wyk -- Identity And Remembrance /Binsar Pakpahan -- Christian Identity In An Age Of Difference /Jaco Kruger -- Confessionality And Identity Of The Church—A Reformed Perspective /Conrad Wethmar -- Confessing The Faith And Confessions Of Faith /Alan P.F. Sell -- Christian Identity And Church Unity /Callie Coetzee -- Transforming Identities: Reformed Churches And The Petrine Dialogue /Clint Le Bruyns -- Identity And Ministry /Eduardus Van Der Borght -- The Church'S Corporate Culture And Identity /Johan Buitendag -- Why Are You Called A Christian? Question 32 Of The Heidelberg Catechism /Willem Verboom -- Salt, Yeast, Lamps, And Gadflies: Biblical Guides For Christian Identity And Civil Society /Carol M. Bechtel -- Christian Identity In The Context Of Social-Economic Tensions /Osni Ferreira -- Stranger In A Familiar Land: Living As A Christian In Christian Nationalism /Annette Mosher -- Christian Identity In The Public Square—Karl Barth On The Beyers Naudé Centre For Public Theology /Martin Laubscher -- Christian Identity And Calling In A .Com World /Frank Sawyer -- Christians And The Religions: Towards A Contextual Theology Of Religions /Hendrick M. Vroom -- Christian Identity In Inter-Religious Dialogue: The Challenge Of Hans Kung'S Strategy /Paul Kruger -- Freedom Of Religion And The South African Constitution—The Position Of Christian Identity /Pieter Coertzen -- Affirming Christian Identity Within Indonesian Society /Bambang Subandrijo -- Christian Identity In The Korean Context /Seung-Goo Lee -- African-Caribbean Perspectives On Christian Identity: Emerging Challenges For Global Christianity /Daniel J. Antwi -- Christianity Or African Christianity? On Christian Identity In Sub-Saharan Africa /Godwin I. Akper -- The Inevitability Of Culture And Its Continued Struggle With Christianity: A Challenge For Reformed Theology In South Africa Today /Rothney Stok Tshaka -- The Quest For African Christian Women'S Identity /Akua Frimpong -- Challenges Of Christian Identity In The Hungarian Reformed Context /Szilveszter Fusti-Molnar -- Protestant Identity In An Orthodox Context: The Example Of Serbia /Luka Ilić and Angela Ilić -- The Identity Of A Religious Minority: Innovation And Integration In French Protestantism /Paul Wells -- On The Way To The Living God In Post-Christian Amsterdam. A Sevenfold Invitation To Overcome The Crisis Of The Church /Willem J. De Wit -- Index /A.J.G. Van Der Borght.

AbstractThis article looks at modern sectarian (here referring to Sunni/Shi'a) identities and their interaction with nationalism in the Middle East. In doing so I make three interrelated claims: 1) the term 'sectarianism' is distortive and analytically counterproductive. A better understanding of modern sectarian identity requires us to jettison the term. 2) Once discarded, our focus can then shift to sectarian identity: how it is constructed, perceived, utilized and so forth. A holistic understanding of sectarian identity must recognize the multiple fields upon which it is constructed and contested. The model adopted here frames sectarian identity as simultaneously operating on four fields: doctrinal, subnational, transnational and, crucially for our purposes, the national dimension. 3) Thirdly, this article challenges the assumptions regarding national and sectarian identities in the modern Middle East. Contrary to conventional wisdom, modern sectarian identities are deeply embedded in the prism of the nation‐state and are inextricably linked to nationalism and national identity. The article will rely primarily on the example of modern Iraq but, as will be seen, the Iraqi example is significantly echoed in the cases of Bahrain, Syria and Lebanon.

All over the world, there has been a massive resurgence in the politics of identity, including especially those forms of identity which, for a long time, were considered as negative and inimical to national unity. Today, ethnicity and religion have become major rallying points for political agitation, resulting in violent intra- and inter-state conflicts and posing direct challenges to national and regional stability as well as the post-1945 nation-state project across the world. This volume is dedicated to a discussion of various dimensions of the resurgence of identity politics in contemporary Nigeria. It is the product of a field-based research effort undertaken by a national working group which was keen to explore the origins, dimensions, and consequences of the increased spate of intra- and inter-communal conflicts within Nigeria in the context of a deep-seated national economic crisis, attempts at structural adjustment implementation, and a prolonged programme of transition from military to elected civilian rule. Such platforms of political mobilisation as ethnicity and religion, and the ways in which they combine with each other and with other variables like regional identities, are discussed along side the increase in the political significance of various aspects of youth and gender identities. In this sense, the contributions in this volume represent the first comprehensive effort to understand the dissolution and recom-position of popular political identities in contemporary Nigeria. ; Contents: 1. General Introduction. Identity Transformation and the Politics of Identity Under Crisis and Adjustment / Attahiru Jega -- 2. The State and Identity transformation Under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria / Attahiru Jega -- 3. The Transformation of Ethno-Regional Identities in Nigeria / Jibrin Ibrahim - 4. Religious Identity in the Context of Structural Adjustment in Nigeria / Ibrahim Mua'zzam and Jibrin Ibrahim -- 5. Transformation of Minority Identities in Post-Colonial Nigeria / Abdul Raufu Mustapha -- 6. National Council of Women´s Societies and the State, 1985-1993: The Use of Discourses of Womenhood by the NCWS / Charmaine Pereira -- 7. Adjustent and the Transformation of Labour Identity: What´s New and Does It Matter? / Jimi O. Adesina -- 8. The Youth, Economic Crisis and Identity Transformation: The Case of the Yandaba in Kano / Yunusa Zakari Ya'u -- 9. Youth Culture and Area Boys in Lagos / Abubakar Momoh -- 10. Structural Adjustment, Students' Movement and Popular Struggles in Nigeria, 1986-1996 / Said Adejumobi

'Making Identity Count' presents a new constructivist method for the recovery of national identity, applies the method in nine country cases, and draws conclusions from the empirical evidence for hegemonic transitions and a variety of quantitative theories of identity