Examines the social construction of the terms "gender," "family," & "masculinities" & their dynamic interplay in traditional, early-modern, late-modern, & postmodern societies. Notions of masculinity in each period are discussed in relation to men's social & familial roles, noting shifting constructions of & the multiple faces of male identities. It is concluded that theory & research on gender relationships cannot be separated from that on family relationships. 13 References. K. Hyatt Stewart
Bringing together an array of interdisciplinary voices, Global Masculinities and Manhood examines the concept of masculinity from the perspectives of cultures around the world. In the era of globalization, masculinity continues to be studied in a Western-centric context. Contributors to this volume, however, deconstruct the history and politics of masculinities within the contexts of the cultures from which they have been developed, examining what makes a man who he is within his own culture. Highlighting manifestations of masculinity in countries including Jamaica, Turkey, Peru, Kenya, Australia, and China, scholars from a variety of disciplines grapple with the complex politics of identity and the question of how gender is interpreted and practiced through discourse. Topics include how masculinity is affected by war and conflict, defined in relation to race, ethnicity, and sexuality, and expressed in cultural activities such as sports or the cinema. Contributors are Bryant Keith Alexander, Molefi K. Asante, Murali Balaji, Radhika Chopra, Maurice Hall, Ronald L. Jackson II, Shino Konishi, Nil Mutluer, Mich Nyawalo, Kathleen Glenister Roberts, Margarita Saona, and Kath Woodward.
In the first of three commentaries on Gillian Youngs's (2004) article on feminist international relations, Linklater argues that what is at stake in the discussion of the neglect of gender differences in mainstream IR analysis is the nature of international political reality, how best to analyze it & how to understand the consequences for women. He suggests that to further Youngs's argument that both feminists & nonfeminists can contribute to an explanation of international political structures & processes, a large-scale empirical project is required -- how did one version of masculinity come to prevail over others in the modern period & earlier? Other 'spin-offs' fitting Youngs's study of competing masculinities are apparent & an analysis of how different ethical traditions favor one conception of masculinity over another, he suggests, would be a profitable exercise. Adapted from the source document.
The unequal distribution caring, emotional and relational work has long been recognised by feminists as an impediment to gender equality in social, cultural, economic and political life. Gender equality requires affective equality; the equal sharing of both the burdens and benefits of love, care and solidarity. Studies of men and masculinities, while also interested in caring, having a traditional emphasis on issues such as fathering, the socialisation of boys, male role models, and men's wellbeing, have now also begun to address caring and equality more broadly and specifically within sociology, social policy and welfare state studies. Critical studies of men and masculinities are crucial in highlighting the ways men are responding to, or lagging, greater expectations for affective equality. How are masculinities being transformed, and transforming gender relations through caring, or how are they resisting and reproducing inequality by evading it? Can caring transform masculinities and are caring masculinities a threat or challenge to hegemonic masculinities? This presentation reflects upon some of the central themes, challenges and debates in contemporary discussions of caring masculinities and gender equality.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the field of knowledge about masculinities, and particularly to show the need for post-colonial perspectives.
Design/methodology/approach – Reading major texts in the field and analysing their conclusions, inclusions, and exclusions.
Findings – Study of masculinities is necessary to gain an adequate understanding of the whole field of gender relations. This field is now global, but the consequences of a global field of knowledge are not sufficiently recognized because of the continuing hegemony of the global north in theory, methodology, and academic networks. The coloniality of gender is outlined. Significant contributions from the global south are identified and the issues involved in decolonizing the field of masculinity studies are analysed.
Research limitations/implications – Mainly Anglophone texts discussed.
Practical implications – Redesign of curricula for teaching in this area; redeployment of resources in academic publishing and other knowledge production projects.
Social implications – Knowledge in this area is relevant to HIV prevention, poverty reduction, economic development, prevention of violence, international conflict, and educational attainment.
Originality/value – To stimulate rethinking among scholars in the field of masculinity and gender studies, and through them among those dealing with the practical issues mentioned.
In life‐course criminology, when gender has been the focus of study, it has predominantly been treated as a variable. Studies that explore the gendered nature of criminal careers through the lived experiences of offenders are rare, even though these studies can make important contributions to our understanding of crime and the life course. Analyzing qualitative data, this article uses life‐history narratives of a small sample of male juvenile delinquents (N = 25), born in 1969–1974, to explore the possible link among masculinities, persistence, and desistance from crime. The findings of the study suggest that processes of persistence and desistance are imbued with age‐specific norms of what it means to "be a man" and successfully do masculinity in different stages of life. Analyzing these gender‐specific practices gives a deepened understanding of processes that underlie the offenders' lives as they go through stages of continuity and change in crime. The findings of the study further suggest a complex intersection between gendered biographies and gendered structures, with fruitful contributions to life‐course criminology. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Intro -- Series Editors' Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1 Ireland and Masculinities in History: An Introduction -- Chapter 2 Caught in a Contract: Congreve, Farquhar and Contractarian Masculinities -- Introduction-The Contracting Hero -- Dramatising Contract -- The Patriot Critique of Contract -- Conclusion-Enabling Critique -- Chapter 3 'Whole Swarms of Bastards': A Modest Proposal, the Discourse of Economic Improvement and Protestant Masculinity in Ireland, 1720-1738 -- I -- II -- III -- Chapter 4 Bog Men: Celtic Landscapes in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Satire -- Goddess Famine: Satirising Scotland in the 1760s -- Fringe Fantasies: National Identity and Boggy Propaganda -- Peat Burial: Arthur Murphy's Irish Blunder -- Chapter 5 Primogeniture, Strict Settlement and the Rituals of Masculinity on an Irish Landed Estate, 1855-90 -- Chapter 6 Thomas A. Hickey: The 'Uncrowned King' and Irish Masculinity on Two Continents -- Chapter 8 Fianna Fáil's Agrarian Man and the Economics of National Salvation -- The Economic History of the Land of Erin -- Fianna Fáil's Agrarian Masculinity -- Masculinty and the Cumann na nGaedheal Red Scare -- The Economic War and the Restoration of National Dignity -- Continuity and Revolution on the Global Periphery -- Chapter 9 Bachelor Trouble, Troubled Bachelors: The Cultural Figure of the Bachelor in Ballybunion and Mullingar -- The Figure of the Bachelor -- Ballybunion, 1972: The Gay Bachelor -- Mullingar, 1968/1940: The Westmeath Bachelor -- Chapter 10 Irish Fatherhood in the Twentieth Century -- Chapter 11 'No Idle Sightseers': The Ulster Women's Unionist Council and the Masculine World of Politics During the Ulster Crisis, 1912-14 -- Chapter 12 Irish Protestant Masculinities and Orangewomen in Scotland, Canada and England, 1890-1918.
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Just as masculinity is crucial in the construction of nationhood, masculinity is also significant in the making and unmaking of transnational communities. This article focuses on how black African men negotiate and perform respectable masculinity in transnational settings, such as the workplace, community, and family. Moving away from conceptualizations of black transnational forms of masculinities as in perpetual crisis and drawing on qualitative data collected from the members of the new African diaspora in London, the article explores the diverse ways notions of masculinity and gender identities are being challenged, reaffirmed, and reconfigured. The article argues that men experience a loss of status as breadwinners and a rupture of their sense of masculine identity in the reconstruction of life in the diaspora. Conditions in the hostland, in particular, women's breadwinner status and the changing gender relations, threaten men's "hegemonic masculinity" and consequently force men to negotiate respectable forms of masculinity.
Children''s literature affects the child''s socialisation process, including the shaping the gender roles. But despite this, up to now children have featured less in gender scholarship. Against this backround, this paper seeks to critically interrogate the physical, social, economic and political manifestations of masculinities in selected Kiswahili children\''s books from Kenya. By analysing these works, we hope to demonstrate that power and ideological aspects of masculinites are rooted at childhood. Since special attention will be paid to the ideological and power basis of the masculinities, the analysis of the selected works is done in the encompassing prism of Critical Discourse Analysis revealing hegemonic masculinities.
Cadre de la recherche : La famille est un lieu important de la socialisation genrée, de la manière dont les individus se construisent en tant qu'êtres sexués au sein d'un contexte social et culturel normatif. La famille contribue à la reproduction des masculinités, mais elle peut aussi constituer un lieu d'émancipation et de subversion par rapport aux normes de genre. Objectifs : Cet article introductif du numéro sur les masculinités et les familles de la revue Enfances Familles Générations vise à présenter un état de la recherche et des pistes de réflexion sur l'articulation entre les réalités masculines et celles des familles. Méthodologie : L'article introductif s'appuie sur une recension des écrits ayant porté sur le développement de la recherche sur les masculinités et des pratiques auprès des hommes. Cette analyse est mise en relation avec le champ des études sur les familles, notamment quant aux transformations actuelles qui les traversent. Résultats : Les études sur la famille et sur les hommes sont des champs de recherche politisés et étroitement liés. Malgré la reconnaissance des transformations en présence, la volonté de savoir si les masculinités au sein des familles se réinventent ou si elles participent au contraire à la reproduction d'un ordre social genré demeure un enjeu complexe à approfondir dans les recherches à venir. Conclusions : Plusieurs thématiques reliées aux masculinités restent peu explorées dans la recherche. Les contributions de ce numéro permettront de combler en partie ces manques. Ces thématiques touchent aux nouvelles réalités des hommes dans la famille, par exemple les pères au foyer, les pères d'enfants prématurés et l'évolution des discours sociaux sur le masculin. Contribution : Cet article fait une revue des enjeux des transformations de la masculinité et des pluralités familiales, et identifie des pistes à approfondir pour la recherche sur ces thèmes.
AbstractStudies of masculinity and armed conflict have struggled to capture the complex interaction between globalized militarized masculinities and local gender formations. Particularly in conflicts characterized by a high degree of combatant mobility (in the form of foreign fighters, massed displacement, or significant diaspora involvement) locating the relevant gender dynamics can prove to be a difficult step in understanding the character of armed groups. Based on fieldwork with Indonesian former foreign fighters, we make the case that feminist international relations have tended to unreflectively default to the nation when locating gender hierarchies. Exploring the multiple articulations of masculinity present in former fighters' lives, we suggest that efforts must be made to resist methodological nationalism in understanding the relationship between gender hierarchies and armed conflict. Charting how foreign fighters traverse local constructions of gender, national gender hierarchies, and transnational social structures to participate in the conflict, we argue that adopting a conscious consideration of scale in our research method is needed to move beyond methodological nationalism.
