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In Finnish cultural policy, power and responsibilities have been distributed to various regional government bodies and a distinct regional authority is lacking. This presents a notable difference to Sweden where the self-governing and politically elected assemblies at the regional level function as key regional cultural policy authorities. This article examines how the regional government bodies in Finland are participating in cultural policymaking in contrast to Sweden by recognising different activities that are carried out by the regional level. The analysis is conducted in two case regions (Central Finland and Värmland) based on interview data, legislation and policy documents. The results show that the sets of activities carried out by the regional government bodies are not limited to actual managing of the realisation process but include decisions about the content of a policy and formulation of and decision making about desired outcomes. Key themes related to these activities are demarcation (i.e. defining culture as a policy field), discretion (i.e. deciding on operations) and mediation (i.e. connecting actors). The regional level is not only mechanistically implementing given cultural policies but actively participating in cultural policymaking. At the same time, in Finland many factors potentially challenge the regional level's cultural policy relevance and, as a result, regional cultural policy legitimacy. ; peerReviewed

As interest in informal methods of regional coordination has grown, it is increasingly important to understand how alternative forms of regional governance emerge. This article addresses this question through analysis of recent attempts at regional transportation coordination in South Florida. Through a detailed case study of the creation of the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority, we demonstrate how informal ties among transportation stakeholders were strengthened over time in ways that eventually made possible the creation of a more formal coordinating mechanism for regional transportation policy. A formal network analysis of transportation stakeholders in South Florida further illustrates the way the strength of ties among those involved in transportation policy in the region facilitated increased regional coordination and positioned business organizations to act as policy entrepreneurs.

The configuration of fisheries policy before regional autonomy shows the hegemony of the country which adheres to the legal doctrines of collective ownership, centralism, and anti-pluralism. Since the era of regional autonomy, the provincial and district / city governments have had more coherent authority in managing their regional potential, including fishery resources. With the shift in authority in managing fishery resources, it is hoped that the regions can play a role in optimizing the utilization of fisheries potential. But on the other hand, optimal management of fishery resources is difficult to achieve without harmonious policies. Therefore, to prevent conflicts of interest in the fisheries sector, Pancasila values need to be revived in fisheries resource management policies. The problems studied in this study are the authority of local governments in managing fishery resources in the era of regional autonomy, problems of harmonizing local government authority in managing fisheries resources, and harmonizing local government authority in managing fisheries resources based on Pancasila values. By using a normative juridical approach, the results of the research show that the authority of the regional government in managing fishery resources in the era of regional autonomy includes authority in the capture fisheries sector, authority in the field of cultivation, authority in the field of supervision of marine and fishery resources, and authority in the field of processing and processing. fishery marketing. However, so far there have been various disharmony problems with local government authorities in managing fishery resources. In addition, although regional autonomy is believed to have various advantages in optimizing the potential of natural resources, the management of fishery resources carried out in the era of regional autonomy has not fully animated the values of Pancasila as the philosophy of the Indonesian nation. ; The configuration of fisheries policy before regional autonomy shows the hegemony of the country which adheres to the legal doctrines of collective ownership, centralism, and anti-pluralism. Since the era of regional autonomy, the provincial and district / city governments have had more coherent authority in managing their regional potential, including fishery resources. With the shift in authority in managing fishery resources, it is hoped that the regions can play a role in optimizing the utilization of fisheries potential. But on the other hand, optimal management of fishery resources is difficult to achieve without harmonious policies. Therefore, to prevent conflicts of interest in the fisheries sector, Pancasila values need to be revived in fisheries resource management policies. The problems studied in this study are the authority of local governments in managing fishery resources in the era of regional autonomy, problems of harmonizing local government authority in managing fisheries resources, and harmonizing local government authority in managing fisheries resources based on Pancasila values. By using a normative juridical approach, the results of the research show that the authority of the regional government in managing fishery resources in the era of regional autonomy includes authority in the capture fisheries sector, authority in the field of cultivation, authority in the field of supervision of marine and fishery resources, and authority in the field of processing and processing. fishery marketing. However, so far there have been various disharmony problems with local government authorities in managing fishery resources. In addition, although regional autonomy is believed to have various advantages in optimizing the potential of natural resources, the management of fishery resources carried out in the era of regional autonomy has not fully animated the values of Pancasila as the philosophy of the Indonesian nation.

The book argues that jurisdictional design is shaped by functional and communal pressures. Functional pressures arise from the character of the public goods provided by government: their scale economies, externalities, and informational asymmetries. However, to explain demands for self-rule one needs to understand how people think and act in relation to the communities they conceive themselves belonging. The authors demonstrate that scale and community explain basic features of governance, including the growth of multiple tiers over the past six decades; how jurisdictions are designed; why governance within the state has become differentiated; and the extent to which regions exert authority. ; -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Maps -- Prologue 1. Scale and Community 2. Measuring Regional Authority 3. Trends in Regional Authority 4. Designing Jurisdictions 5. Community and Differentiated Governance 6. Community and the Structure of Governance 7. Five Theses on Regional Governance -- References -- Index

A financially constrained central goverment no longer has the capacity to fund major development projects throughout the country. Jakarta must look more to the regions for ideas,money and initiatives.Reforms are required in regional authority, and innational programmes-from rice to foods policies and transmigration-which have a regional impact. The "unity" of the last twenty years of strong central government has to be complemented more effetively by the "diversity" which flows from a greater emphasis inregional initiative and self reliance.

The purpose of this study is to compare the marine management authority exercised by local governments based on the laws and regulations that have been in effect since the establishment of the local government law to the current local government law. This type of study is library research with a statutory, comparative, and historical approach. All information and data obtained are then collected and analyzed according to the topic of study. The conclusion of this study shows that the authority for marine management owned by local governments has only been in effect since Law No. 22 of 1999, Law No. 32 of 2004, and Law No. 23 of 2014. At the same time, the previous law did not specifically regulate local governments' authority in marine management.

Die regionalen Wirkungen des Steuersystems treten in Deutschland meistens hinter der
Diskussion des Finanzausgleichs zurück. Dabei werden Ausgleichsbedarf auf den nachgeordneten
Ebenen und eigenverantwortlich bestimmbare Finanzausstattungen durch das Steuersystem
und die Ertragskompetenzen bestimmt. Diese werden zunächst unter theoretischen
Aspekten des fiscal federalism analysiert, wobei die in realen Welten gängigen unvollkommenen
Steuerquellen auf ihre Fähigkeiten, regionale und lokale Steuerpreise darzustellen,
untersucht werden. Im empirischen Teil wird die Steuerausstattung von Ländern und
Gemeinden seit der deutschen Vereinigung in vertikaler und in horizontaler Hinsicht daraufhin
untersucht, inwieweit sie den aufgestellten Anforderungen gerecht wird. Dabei werden
erhebliche Defizite der Steuerpolitik des Bundes in den letzten Jahren nachgewiesen, bei
der die Steuerquellen, welche überhaupt eine Art regionale Steuerpreise darstellen können,
weiter in den Hintergrund traten, und durch die des Weiteren die regionalen und lokalen
Steueraufkommen immer stärker divergieren. Eine derartige Steuerpolitik lässt in längerfristiger
Perspektive weitere regionale Wachstumseinbußen erwarten.

Раскрываются юридическая природа, назначение и система публичной власти в современной России, носителем которой выступает ее многонациональный народ. Анализ положений Конституции РФ, постановлений и определений Конституционного Суда РФ, мнений ведущих российских конституционалистов позволяет сформулировать такие самостоятельные подвиды публичной власти, как государственная власть и местное самоуправление (местная власть). При этом подчеркивается, что государственная власть закрепляется конституционными положениями и как система органов государства (органы государственной власти Российской Федерации и иные федеральные государственные органы, органы государственной власти субъектов РФ и иные государственные органы субъектов РФ), и как совокупность полномочий, реализуемых органами власти соответствующих уровней. Современная российская государственность, характеризующаяся активным «встраиванием» местного самоуправления в систему государства, формирует требования к обязательной структуре органов местного самоуправления (представительный орган, глава муниципального образования, местная администрация), а также демонстрирует увеличение объема отдельных государственных полномочий, реализуемых органами местного самоуправления, в том числе путем предоставления государственных услуг. Представлен авторский вариант общих признаков федерального, регионального и муниципального пространственных уровней, что по существу характеризует публичную власть как родовое понятие. Делается вывод о том, что закрепление в Конституции РФ категории «публичная власть» позволит сформировать современную модель взаимодействия государственной власти и местного самоуправления, обеспечить конституционные гарантии предоставления государственных и муниципальных услуг в целях реализации конституционных прав личности.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2016)3-17 ; The article reveals the legal nature, the purpose and system of public authority in modern Russia with Russian multinational people being its supporter. The analysis of the constitutional provisions of the Russian Federation, the decisions and orders of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the opinions of the leading Russian constitutionalists make it possible to define some separate subtypes of the public authority such as state authority and local government. It is stated that state authority is established by the constitutional provisions both as a the system of state bodies (state bodies of the Russian Federation and other federal state bodies, state governments of the Russian Federation and other state governments of the Russian Federation) and as a complex of powers realized by the corresponding bodies. Modern Russian statehood, which is characterized by active building of the local government in the governmental system, forms the demands to the mandatory structure of the local government bodies (representative body, head of the municipality, local administration) and shows the increase in some separate state powers which are realized by the local government bodies and on the basis of the granting of the public services. The author presents the variant of the common features of the federal, regional and municipal space levels which basically, characterizes public authority as a generic term. It is concluded that the establishment of such category as public authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation makes it possible to form a modern model of the interaction between state authority and local government, provide constitutional guarantees in the provision of the state and municipal services in order to realize individual constitutional rights.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2016)3-17