Suchergebnisse

Introduction: a case approach to the study and practice of crisis and emergency management / Ali Farazmand, Florida Atlantic University -- Global cases of crisis and emergency management : a macro policy perspective -- Katrina crisis as a global case of grand failure : lessons for future crisis and emergency management / Ali Farazmand, Florida Atlantic University -- Continuing Fukushima nuclear disaster : how to ensure government crisis- risk communication for safety resiliency / Itoko Suzuki, Former UN Official, Japan, and Yuko Kaneko, Japan -- The case of early warning success in qinglong county for the magnitude 7.8 Tangshan earthquake : some policy lessons in integrating public administration, science and citizen engagement / Jean-Marie Col, John Jay College and Former UN Adviser -- Emergency management for radiological events : lessons learned from Three Mile island, chernobyl and Fukushima reactor accidents / Frances L. Edwards, Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose State University -- Global cases of best and worst practice in crisis and emergency management -- USA : hurricane Katrina and the crisis of emergency management / Carole L. Jurkiewicz, Hofstra University -- Katrina : a case of man- made and natural disaster / Steven G. Koven, School of Urban and Public Affairs, University of Louisville -- Managing crisis and emergency at the edge of chaos : lessons from the 2006 massive earthquake of Bam in southeast Iran / Ali Farazmand, Florida Atlantic University -- The United States : emergency management and the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks / William Waugh, Georgia State University -- Wilma and Sandy : lessons learned from public servants / John J. Carroll, Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University -- Lessons from managing governance crisis in the Arab states / Jamil Jreisat, School of Public Affairs, University of South Florida -- Mitigation and capacity building for crisis and emergency management : lessons from global cases -- Resilience capacity building for global crisis and emergency management / Clifford Bragdon, Florida Institute of Technology -- Building disaster resilience : the communities advancing resilience toolkit (CART) / Rose L. Pfefferbaum, Phoenix Community College -- Learning from transboundary crises : the 2010 Haiti earthquake / Alka Sapat, Florida Atlantic University and Ann-Margaret Esnard, Georgia State University -- Planning for response to weapons of mass destruction cbrne events : a local/federal partnership / Frances L. Edwards, Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose State University

AbstractModern societies are facing an increasing number of transboundary systemic threats. The sudden spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has once again highlighted concerns about governments' capacity to deal with disruptions and stressed the need for more resilient governance arrangements. Besides the usual policymaking, the latter might emerge from decisions, made during the crisis management as well. Building on ideas of the new institutionalism, more specifically, the normative logic of appropriateness and the rational logic of consequentiality, we examine how different mechanisms in varying contexts lead to different types of resilience building. Based on the results of pattern matching applied to the Lithuanian case of COVID‐19 crisis management in 2020, we argue that in environments where the logic of consequentiality was dominant, resilience was mostly strengthened because of major breakthroughs, stemming from coercive pressures as well as top‐down policy action from the centre of government. In contrast, more incremental developments contributed to resilience building through normative or mimetic pressures, professionalization, network‐based and bottom‐up practices in environments, where the logic of appropriateness prevailed. We claim that, while the logic of consequentiality helps to strengthen resilience in the context of turbulence, the logic of appropriateness is especially important for ensuring its sustainability.

Water has often been the source of crises and their frequency will intensify due to climate change impacts. The Niagara River Watershed provides an ideal case to study water crises as it is an international transboundary system (Canada-United States) and has both historical and current challenges associated with water quantity and quality, which resonates broadly in water basins throughout the world. The aim of this study was to understand how stakeholders perceive ecosystems and the relationship with preferences for governance approaches in the context of water governance. An online survey instrument was employed to assess perceptions of the system in terms of resilience (engineering, ecological, social-ecological, or epistemic), preferences for governance approaches (state, citizen, market, and hybrid forms), and the most pressing issues in the watershed. Responses showed that, despite demographic differences and adherence to different resilience perspectives, support was strongest for governance approaches that focused on state or state-citizen hybrid forms. The validity of the resilience typology as a grouping variable is discussed. The roles of institutional constraints, pragmatism in governance approach preferences, and the influence of multiple crises are explored in relation to the context of the study site, as well as to water governance scholarship more broadly. ; Funding for this work, as part of the Climate Change Adaptation and Water Governance (CADWAGO) project, from Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, the Volkswagen Stiftung and Compagnia di San Paolo through the Europe and Global Challenges programme. ; https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/6/224

Intro -- Foreword by Felix D. Dakora -- Foreword by Daniel Nyanganyura -- Preface -- Acknowledgements to Peer Reviewers -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Challenges of Water Resource Management in the Context of Climate Change in Africa -- 3 Toward Improved Management of Water Resources in the Context of Climate Change in Africa -- 3.1 Create Enabling Policy and Institutional Conditions -- 3.2 Invest in Ecological Infrastructure -- 3.3 Invest in Climate-Smart Infrastructure and Technologies -- 3.4 Improve Science and Information -- 3.5 Work at Multiple Scales -- 3.6 Decentralize Adaptation -- 3.7 Consider the Water/Energy/Food/Health Nexus -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Africa-Wide Trends in Development and Water Resources Through a Climate Change Lens -- 1 Africa's Economy and Water Use -- 2 Africa's Biodiversity -- 3 Africa's Climate -- 4 Africa's Water Infrastructure and Institutions -- 5 Africa's Future Is Now -- References -- 3 Water Resource Availability and Quality in the North Africa Region Under Climate Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assessment of Water Resources -- 2.1 Renewable Water Resources -- 2.2 Non-renewable Water Resources -- 3 International Shared River Basins -- 3.1 Assessment of Transboundary River Basins -- 3.2 Climate Change Impacts on the Nile River -- 4 Non-conventional Water Sources -- 4.1 Desalinated Water -- 4.2 Wastewater and Reuse -- 5 Water Resource Quality -- 6 Technical Solutions and Research Challenges -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 4 Climate Change and Water Resources in West Africa: A Case Study of Ivory Coast, Benin, Burkina Faso, and Senegal -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methodology -- 2.1 The Four Countries Included in the Study -- 2.2 Data -- 3 Research Findings -- 3.1 Interannual Rainfall Variability.

This paper investigates the viability of Energy Justice as a framework to assist the governance of multinational risk. Positioned between local and universal scales, it advocates for the approach of multinational energy justice as a means of considering justice manifestations either between neighboring countries, or between geographically isolated countries that share common energy concerns or systems. Specifically, it focuses on how to govern the risk of nuclear waste in a multinational fashion, and questions the extent to which this approach could offer a useful account to help understand the justice issues multinational repositories give rise to. We present a content analysis of 10‐years' worth of policy reports on nuclear waste repositories (2006–16), including 25 full‐length reports documents relating to the Government of South Australia's now abandoned repository proposal. Following a discussion around the merit of energy justice approaches in relation of transboundary issues of justice, intergenerational justice and the role conflicting justice demands across time and space, we present three areas for further consideration: (i) We call for greater attention to issues of spatial conflict; (ii) further reflect on temporal justice conflict and its integration into energy justice frameworks; and (iii) reflect upon multinational responsibility for energy justice.

Global risks are now increasingly being perceived as networked, and likely to result in large‐scale, propagating failures and crises that transgress national boundaries and societal sectors. These so called "globally networked risks" pose fundamental challenges to global governance institutions. A growing literature explores the nature of these globally networked or "systemic" risks. While this research has taught us much about the anatomy of these risks, it has consistently failed to integrate insights from the wider social sciences. This is problematic since the prescriptions that result from these efforts flow from naїve assumptions about the way real‐world state and non‐state actors behave in the international arena. This leaves serious gaps in our understanding of whether networked environmental risks at all can be governed. The following essay brings together decades of research by different disciplines in the social sciences, and identifies five multi‐disciplinary key insights that can inform global approaches to governing these. These insights include the influence of international institutions; the dynamics and effect of international norms and legal mechanisms; the need for international institutions to cope with transboundary and cross‐sectoral crises; the role of innovation as a strategy to handle unpredictable global risks; and the necessity to address legitimacy issues.

Focusing on transboundary river systems and their basins, the authors explore the fresh water crisis of Himalayan Asia. While the region hosts some of the world's mightiest rivers, it is also home to rapidly modernizing, increasingly affluent, and demographically multiplying societies. This combination ensures both the depletion of water resources and the increase in disputes over ownership of transboundary river waters. In a thorough investigation, based on extensive field research across Asia, the authors examine how these disputes impact the present and future interstate relations of this key region.

The 2017 Jessup Compromis focuses on transboundary aquifers and the right to water, natural resource development that causes damage to a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the repatriation of a stolen cultural artifact, and state responsibility for a refugee crisis.

Increased use of water for hydropower and agriculture, due to population growth accounts for future water shortages that will affect a quarter of South Asia's population by 2050. Water crises affect all member-nations of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. SAARC nations water needs exacerbate the water crisis on the one hand and lack of mechanisms for good governance and cooperation required for addressing issues related to food and water security within the region. This paper attempts to draw attention to the big picture regarding water resources management and the impacts of water scarcity on South Asian nations. The paper begins with a review of the water crises in each of the SAARC nations and follows on with consideration of perceptions towards transboundary river infrastructures and the political stances each nation takes about solutions for the continuing water crisis. Undoubtedly, the only mechanism that these nations can adapt to address the geopolitical challenges of a thirsty world, for which SAARC association provides the platform is a deliberate constructive solution centred dialogue. A range of recommendations for SAARC nations are reviewed with a view to assist the water thirst in these nations.

Our current system for homeland security does not provide the necessary framework to manage the challenges posed by 21st‐Century catastrophic threats. The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina–Lessons Learned
The White House (2006, 52)
AbstractCrises in the twenty‐first century differ—structurally—from those we had to deal with in the last century. Crises of the twentieth century were traditionally defined and handled as a combination of "threat, urgency, and uncertainty." Today, crises are better described in terms of a destruction of vital references and a dynamic of systemic implosions. If crises were once a type of severe, dynamic accident, they are now the essential mode of life in our hypercomplex systems. These transboundary crises mark a watershed between mind‐sets and tools of the past, and the new strategic landscape that we are now in. The intellectual and governance challenges are extreme. But looking back is not an option. It is vital to forge new routes into Terrae Incognitae. The goal of this article is to help build (1) a renewed understanding of the emerging challenges we face; and (2) a better strategic response to these systemic dislocations.

The paper examines the ways in which environmental threats are socially constructed, and the implications of such environmental securitisation. Specifically, the paper focuses on the issue of river development and water allocation between states of international transboundary river basins. Building on recent studies that attempt to refine securitisation theory of the Copenhagen School and applying hydropolitical power analysis, the paper takes a sociological understanding of the securitisation of shared waters. Using the case study of the Tanakpur Barrage project on the Mahakali River between Nepal and India in the Ganges River basin, it is shown how securitisation discourse framed the shared river as a threat that posed detrimental flooding to both territories. It is argued that the Indian government effectively utilised its technical and institutional expertise to frame the discourse. Hydropolitical power analysis helps explain how compliance to the project agreement-- a necessary measure to avert hydrological crisis, as argued by the Indian government-- was gained from the Nepali government. The implications of securitising shared rivers on water resources management and basin-wide governance are discussed.

This book provides an analysis of non-traditional security (NTS) crises and cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Southeast Asia. Using case studies - transboundary air pollution, marine life endangerment, illegal migration, and terrorism - from both Southeast Asia and Western Europe between 2009 and 2016, this book offers a contemporary understanding of the EU as a collective actor within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-EU and Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) inter-regional dialogue formats and affiliated programmes. Through new empirical insights into the regional and inter-regional institutional dynamics of the EU and ASEAN in times of crisis and rising nationalism in both regions the author demonstrates, in particular, the relevance of the EU as a security and normative actor and the value of inter-regionalism as a foreign and security tool of the EU in Southeast Asia. Thus, this book underlines the importance of regional organisations in the management of contemporary transboundary NTS challenges within global governance. Enhancing topical debates and offering a timely assessment of crisis-induced regionalism and inter-regionalism in world affairs, this book will be of interest to scholars studying International Relations, International Security, Southeast Asian Studies, European Studies, and Public Policy.

A number of high profile crises and disasters have driven the EU to increase cooperation among its member states in the area of civil protection and to enhance its capacity to conduct civil protection operations in Europe and around the world. However, in the light of recent transboundary crises in the EU, manifested by the refugee crisis, terrorist attacks, and natural disasters, it is far from clear how effective such cooperative EU arrangements can be due to differences in the way national civil protection has been organized and due to the question of whether sufficient trust exists within and between the involved organizations. In this article, drawing from a unique study of civil protection agencies in 17 EU member states, and utilizing theories on crisis management, public administration and trust, we shed light on the factors that promote national and EU-level effectiveness in civil protection and crisis management.

"The EU is in crisis. This crisis extends beyond the challenges of Covid-19, Brexit, the Eurozone, and mass migration. It cuts to the core of the EU itself. This text unpacks all dimensions of the EU in crisis, and analyses its implications for the EU and its member states. It argues that crises and challenges are no longer individual events facing the EU, but rather are a sustained condition that has changed the relationship between member states, the functioning of institutions, the nature of public engagement and the prospects for integration. Written by a team of leading experts, this book covers: - Cutting-edge theory - Recent high-impact crisis cases, including health, the environment and threats to democracy - Institutional effects of crises - Political dynamics - Discussion of longer-term implications of the EU This is the perfect companion for those studying and researching contemporary challenges facing the EU, European integration, and crisis management and transboundary crises more broadly"--

This chapter is to demonstrate the challenges related to free time of seniors (especially EU residents) in the 21st century. The starting point for the considerations was to explain the concept of free time and to specify its characteristics, functions, and ways of using it. The structure of the seniors' time budget and leisure activities undertaken by this group were analysed (based on Eurostat data). Subsequently, one of the important forms of free time management, that is, tourism, was studied. First, the essence of tourist activity was discussed and the reasons for undertaking it in the autumn of life. Second, the functions of senior tourism were distinguished and data on the participation of seniors from EU countries in it were presented. Third, taking into account that the concept of active ageing is increasingly the participation in various types of courses, trainings, workshops, etc., the chapter defines the place of seniors in the process of lifelong learning. The tasks of the University of the Third Age (U3A) were systematized and the available data on the participation of European seniors in educational programmes were analysed. The conclusion emphasizes the heterogeneity of the silver head segment.