Suchergebnisse

Mit diesem Beitrag werden einige grundsätzliche Überlegungen zum ausbleibenden Erfolg der Integrationsbestrebungen hinzugefügt. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst auf die historischen Schritte in Richtung auf eine bessere wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit der einzelnen Staaten Lateinamerikas eingegangen. Sodann wird auf den Mechanismus der Beziehung zwischen Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern und der nationalen und internationalen Unternehmerschaft mit spezieller Blickrichtung auf die lateinamerikanischen Verhältnisse eingegangen. Schließlich wird dargelegt, welche Interessen seitens der Industrieländer und insbesondere seitens der internationalen Konzerne heute den Integrationsbemühungen der lateinamerikanischen Staaten entgegenstehen, und welche Perspektiven sich für die nähere Zukunft ergeben. (Ru)

Annotation, How important are the remaining barriers to integration in international goods markets and how would eliminating them affect global and individual countries' welfare? This book studies these questions using the most comprehensive price data available. Bradford and Lawrence find that there is considerable market fragmentation among industrial countries -- that is, firms charging different prices for similar products in different national markets -- even among countries with low tariff barriers. The authors estimate that integration among the eight countries in their sample -- Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States -- would raise global GDP by more than $500 billion, or about 2 percent. Remarkably, almost half the global gain in these eight countries could be reaped if Japan alone eliminated its international fragmentation

When signing or enhancing trade agreements with Latin America, political and institutional factors play a more important role at present compared with their role in the past. In addition, a better institutional framework increases covered and legally enforceable provisions in Latin America trade agreements. This paper analyzes the determinants of economic integration in Latin America and the institutional quality of signed trade agreements with this region. By focusing on both a discrete choice and a linear framework, the study results prove that economic, geographic, institutional, and political factors influence economic integration. This is because these aspects are key elements in the formation and enhancement of trade agreements both within and outside Latin America. This study considers the role of additional exogenous political facts, such as the September 11 attacks in New York City, and the Revolución Bolivariana, a leftist movement in Venezuela, which affected economic integration in Latin America. ; http://www.e-jei.org/journal/view.php?number=2013600134 ; publishedVersion ; Fil: Márquez-Ramos, Laura. University of Adelaide. Institute for International Trade; Australia. ; Fil: Márquez-Ramos, Laura. Universitat Jaume I. Department of Economics; España. ; Fil: Florensa, Luis Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto de Economía y Finanzas; Argentina. ; Fil: Recalde, María Luisa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto de Economía y Finanzas; Argentina. ; Economía, Econometría

Despite the process of economic integration, recently we have been witnessing divergence of regions in their economic performance and development, resulting in considerable differences income, employment and welfare. This is neither socially nor politically desirable. Markets, like the labour market, which are relatively rigid, are seen as an obstacle for economic convergence. We suspect that divergence is also caused by other factors. All kind of intangibles, such as the legal structure, the public administration can lead to comparative dis- / advantages. These intangibles are part of the institutional setting of a region and have public good characteristics. In this paper we analyse the effects of differences in institutional setting in the process of economic integration. The paper is organized as follows. First, in section 2, we introduce the model we use to analyse the integration process. We use an OLG model with a log?linear utility and production function. The production function is a neo-classical production function with public capital, private capital and labour, characterized by diminishing returns to scale for public, private capital and labour. Public capital exhibits positive externalities. Both public and private capital is fully depreciated during its period of use. In section 3 we look at the economic development of the regions separately, the autarchy case. Different institutional settings, results in difference productivity and different economic development of the regions. In section 4 we introduce economic integration, and assume mobility of private capital, labour, but immobility of public capital. Labour commutes; if the wage rate in the other region is higher, but workers will spend their income in their resident region. In section 5 the effects of integration are analysed. Integration increases overall efficiency and the overall economic development of the two regions. However capital moves from the less productive region to the more productive one, resulting from a difference in return on private capital. As a result, return on private capital decreases for the more productive region together with return on public capital, but output increases. For the less productive region the reverse happens: return on private and public capital increases but output decreases. This arbitrage process continues until the private returns on capital between the two regions equalize. Integration leads to divergence in the economic development of the two regions compared with the autarchy situation. There is no incentive for the losing region to co-operate.

This book provides the first systematic analysis of new Asian regionalism as a paradigm shift in international economic law. It argues that new Asian regionalism has emerged amid the Third Regionalism and contributed to the New Regional Economic Order, which reinvigorates the role of developing countries in shaping international trade norms. To substantiate the claims, the book introduces theoretical debates and evaluates major regional economic initiatives and institutions, including the ASEAN+6 framework, APEC, the CPTPP and the RCEP. It also sheds light on legal issues involving the US-China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as trade policies of Asian powers, the European Union and the United States. Hence, the legal analysis and case studies offer a fresh perspective of Asian integration and bridge the gap between academia and practice.

Includes bibliographical references. ; The absence of strong supranational institutions and the failure of states to comply with their integration obligations feature prominently in almost every discussion on economic integration in Africa. There seems to be a consensus that without strong supranational institutions to enforce compliance, economic integration in Africa may not succeed. This thesis takes a different approach to the discussion on compliance. The thesis argues that the failure of African states to comply with their integration obligations is not necessarily a function of deliberate and blatant disobedience for the norms of economic integration. Rather, there are other systemic challenges which impede the ability of African states to comply with their obligation. To resolve these challenges and ensure compliance, the thesis suggests that African states need to continuously engage in a discursive process wherein the norms of economic integration are constantly iterated and given authoritative interpretation. Furthermore, institutional, technical and infrastructural capacity needs to be developed across the continent in order to create favourable conditions for the implementation of the norms of integration. To this end, more attention needs be paid at the regional and national level to initiatives which improve good governance and aid the internalisation of the norms of economic integration among African states.

Includes abstract. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; The absence of strong supranational institutions and the failure of states to comply with their integration obligations feature prominently in almost every discussion on economic integration in Africa. There seems to be a consensus that without strong supranational institutions to enforce compliance, economic integration in Africa may not succeed. This thesis takes a different approach to the discussion on compliance. The thesis argues that the failure of African states to comply with their integration obligations is not necessarily a function of deliberate and blatant disobedience for the norms of economic integration. Rather, there are other systemic challenges which impede the ability of African states to comply with their obligation. To resolve these challenges and ensure compliance, the thesis suggests that African states need to continuously engage in a discursive process wherein the norms of economic integration are constantly iterated and given authoritative interpretation. Furthermore, institutional, technical and infrastructural capacity needs to be developed across the continent in order to create favourable conditions for the implementation of the norms of integration. To this end, more attention needs be paid at the regional and national level to initiatives which improve good governance and aid the internalisation of the norms of economic integration among African states.

Condition research of economic culture of Ukraine in the context of European integration is fundamental for the formation of effective reforms and strategies of public administration and the need for further methodological improvement. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the scientific research of scientists and reports of international organizations, in particular the condition research of world values, conducted as part of the research "World Values ​​Survey" (WVS), in the period 2017-2020. General approaches and research methods were used during the preparation of the article: theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis and system method, statistical research, sociological research and expert opinions. The use of these methods allowed to consider the current position of economic culture and entrepreneurial culture in the context of European integration, through the prism of economic values, which are empirically studied. In this research, the author's determination of the state of economic culture in the transformation process was carried out.

Introduction:A rising China and its frontier regions into the twenty-first century /Michael E. Clarke and Douglad Smith --Development with Chinese characteristics in Xinjiang: a solution to ethnic tension or part of the problem? /Sean R. Roberts --Beijing's 'March westwards': Xinjiang, Central Asia and China's quest for great power status /Michael E. Clarke --China's economic modernization in Tibet and its impact on Tibetan identity /Elizabeth Davis --South Asian responses to China's rise: Indian and Nepalese handling of the Tibet issue /Tsering Topgyal --Sino-Mongolian relations in the twenty-first century: the Inner Mongolian factor /Sharad K. soni --From 'backwater' to 'bridgehead'" culture, modernity and the reimagining of Yunnan /Gary Sigley.

This thesis is a collection of research papers examining global economic integration, technology diffusion and climate change and their interactions and policy implications. Chapter 1 theoretically analyzes the effect of changes in regional production costs on the inter-regional allocation of intermediate good production in case of Cournot competition. Chapter 2 shows the possibility of a poverty trap with respect to North-South capital mobility and technology diffusion by setting up a theoretical dynamic macro model. Chapter 3 indicates according to an econometric analysis that energy savings via foreign direct investment in developing countries are statistically not robust and significant. Chapter 4 suggests based on a computational general equilibrium analysis that carbon based import tariffs are more effective as a menace towards China than for saving CO2 emissions. Chapter 5 estimates based on an interdisciplinary assessment that health risks and costs due to heat stress might strongly increase in the absence of effective mitigation and adaptation measures until 2100 in Germany. ; Diese Dissertation ist eine Zusammenstellung von Forschungsartikeln über globale ökonomische Integration, Technologiediffusion und Klimawandel und deren Interaktionen und Politikimplikationen. Kapitel 1 analysiert in einem theoretischen Modell mit Cournot-Wettbewerb die Auswirkungen von Veränderungen regionaler Produktionskosten auf die interregionale Allokation der Zwischenproduktfertigung. Kapitel 2 zeigt die Möglichkeit einer Armutsfalle im Zusammenhang mit internationaler Kapitalmobilität und Technologiediffusion mit Hilfe eines theoretischen dynamischen Modells. Kapitel 3 zufolge führen ausländische Direktinvestitionen in Entwicklungsländern ökonometrisch betrachtet nicht zu statistisch robusten und signifikanten Energieeinsparungen. Kapitel 4 kommt basierend auf einem numerischen allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodell zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich CO2-basierte Zölle womöglich eher als Drohung gegenüber China als zur Einsparung von CO2-Emissionen eignen. Kapitel 5 weist im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Schätzung darauf hin, dass es ohne geeignete Vermeidungs- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der hitzebedingten Gesundheitsrisiken und -kosten bis 2100 in Deutschland kommen kann.

Collective identity, the emotionally powerful sense of belonging to a group, is a crucial source of popular legitimacy for nations. However efforts since the 1990s to politically support European integration by using identity mechanisms borrowed from nationalism have had very limited success. European integration may require new, post-national approaches to the relationship between culture and politics. This controversial and timely volume poses the logical question: if identity doesn't effectively connect culture with European integration politics, what does? The book brings together leading scholars from several of the disciplines that have developed concepts of culture and methods of cultural research. These expert interdisciplinary contributors apply a startling diversity of approaches to culture, linking it to facets of integration as varied as external policy, the democratic deficit, economic dynamism and the geography of integration. This book examines commonalities and connections within the European space, as well as representations of these in identity discourses. It will be useful for students and scholars of sociology, geography, anthropology, social psychology, political science and the history of European integration