Suchergebnisse

Freight generation and movement patterns are not well understood by planners and policy-makers tasked with making complex strategic land use and transport planning decisions. In the absence of detailed planning evidence, they may rely on scant or anecdotal data, extrapolated and presented through complex quantitative models. Unfortunately, predictive model outputs can fail to accurately match observed outcomes, and such models cannot predict complex long-term phenomena which may transformatively disrupt freight production and movement patterns. Through a review of the literature, we apply Porter's Diamond Model of Competitive Advantage (Porter 1990) to develop a novel conceptual framework for freight generation. We illustrate how emerging themes and new evidence of relevant economic, environmental, social, and governmental factors can be meaningfully structured within this conceptual framework. By compiling recent evidence of spatio-temporal complexity from the literature, we highlight the utility of such a framework in assisting planners and decision-makers to incorporate a wider set of freight generation factors – particularly demand factors, land use relocation effects, shifting firm strategies, and emerging transport technologies – in the practices of understanding, modeling, planning, and managing urban freight. Application of the framework should assist in ensuring that significant factors and phenomena are not ignored in critical planning decisions, encourage the input of a more diverse set of planning expertise at the policy-making table, and throw renewed emphasis on potential qualitative and mixed-methods freight case study research.

Recently, the call to combine land change science (LCS) and political ecology (PE) in the study of human-environment interactions has been widely discussed by scientists from both subfields of geography. In this paper, we use a hybrid ecology framework to examine the effects of conservation policies on the environment and the livelihood of the people of the Korup National Park (KNP). Using techniques in both PE and LCS, our results show that conservation policies, politics, and population are the primary drivers of environmental change in the KNP. We conclude by arguing that a deeper understanding can be garnered by combining LCS and PE approaches to analyze and contribute to the people and parks debate.

High rates of urbanization lead to a fragmented urban form with unequal access to jobs, amenities and public services. The lack of efficient and adaptive layout and design, integrated land uses (Paton et al., 2013; Saunders & Becker, 2015), urban connectivity (Taaffe et al., 1963) and sufficient forward planning at all levels of government is identified as a shortcoming which only exacerbates the consequences of urbanization. Based on an analysis of spatial planning principles, this paper proposes a practical and policy-related set of tools for improved forward planning, promoting resilient layout planning and smart land use management as a means to enable diverse settlements to respond to events such as intense levels of urbanization. The case study is focused on the dualistic urban settlements of South-Africa, but principles proposed could be applied to other settlements with similar spatially distorted patterns. The proposed set of tools could potentially improve urban resilience and efficiency.

This article proposes optimization frameworks for discrete road network design considering the land-use transport interaction over time. Unlike existing models, the optimization frameworks can determine the optimal designs automatically without trial-and-error once the objective(s) is/are clearly defined. Moreover, these frameworks allow the evaluation of the impacts of the optimal designs on the related parties including landowners, toll road operators, transit operators, and road users, and help network planners and profit-makers with decision making by eliminating many alternative designs. A numerical study is set up to examine road network design's effects on these related parties under three road construction schemes: exact cost recovery, build-operate-transfer, and cross-subsidization. The results show that the changes in landowner profits are not the same after implementing any scheme. These unequal changes raise the issue of the landowner equity. This implies that the government has to consider trade-offs between parties' objectives carefully. © 2010 Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. ; postprint