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"In Expectations Unfulfilled : Norwegian Migrants in Latin America, 1820-1940 scholars from Europe and Latin America study the experiences of workers, sailors, whalers, landowners, intellectuals and investors who migrated from Norway to Latin America during the age of mass migration. One recurrent theme is the absence of a large migratory stream from Norway to Latin America. In relative terms, Norwegian emigration was among the highest in Europe. Latin America was one of the principal receivers of migrants in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Why, then, did so few Norwegians end up in Latin America? Combining different levels of analysis, the authors explain how Norwegians experienced Latin America, and how their experiences were communicated to potential migrants at home. Contributors are: María Alvarez Solar, Cecilia Alvstad, María Bjerg, Mieke Neyens, Synnøve Ones Rosales, Ricardo Pérez Montfort, Steinar A. Sæther and Ellen Woortmann"--Provided by publisher

"A Cultural History of Underdevelopment explores the changing place of Latin America in U.S. culture from the mid-nineteenth century to the recent U.S.-Cuba détente. In doing so, it uncovers the complex ways in which Americans have imagined the global geography of poverty and progress, as the hemispheric imperialism of the nineteenth century yielded to the Cold War discourse of "underdevelopment." John Patrick Leary examines representations of uneven development in Latin America across a variety of genres and media, from canonical fiction and poetry to cinema, photography, journalism, popular song, travel narratives, and development theory. For the United States, Latin America has figured variously as good neighbor and insurgent threat, as its possible future and a remnant of its past. By illuminating the conventional ways in which Americans have imagined their place in the hemisphere, the author shows how the popular image of the United States as a modern, exceptional nation has been produced by a century of encounters that travelers, writers, radicals, filmmakers, and others have had with Latin America. Drawing on authors such as James Weldon Johnson, Willa Cather, and Ernest Hemingway, Leary argues that Latin America has figured in U.S. culture not just as an exotic "other" but as the familiar reflection of the United States' own regional, racial, class, and political inequalities."--Publisher's description

pt. 1. The first North America, then and now -- pt. 2. North American integration : development and challenges -- pt. 3. Migration -- pt. 4. The democratic deficit -- pt. 5. Identities in flux -- pt. 6. Intergovernmental relations -- pt. 7. Conclusions.

1. The economic and commercial background -- 2. Asian presence in the territory : FDIs, ODA and aid -- 3. Asian communities in Latin America -- 4. The Central American conundrum : cheque-book diplomacy and the isthmus of peace -- 5. Trade for growth in the Pacific Rim -- 6. Strategic materials and energy abundance : a mixed blessing -- 7. Newcomers in the Southern Cone -- 8. Looking ahead : challenges and reverse immigration.

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations and Glossary -- Preface -- Framework of Cooperation -- 1. Arab-Latin American Relations in the Twenty-first Century: An Introduction -- 2. Arab-Latin American Dialogue: A Brazilian Perspective -- 3. Arab-Latin American Cooperation in Culture and Education -- Trade Relations -- 4. Latin America and Caribbean Trade Relations with Arab Countries -- 5. Reflections on Mercosur-Arab Countries Bi-regional Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements

"The book is a collection of essays looking at histories of crime and justice in Latin America, with a focus on social history and the interactions between state institutions, the press, and social groups. It argues that crime in Latin America is best understood from the "bottom up" -- not just as the exercise of power from the state. The book seeks to document and illustrate the "every day" experiences of crime in particular settings, emphasizing under-researched historical actors such as criminals, victims, and police officers"--Provided by publisher

Historical photographs taken in Latin America have now become key sites for memory politics, ethnographic imagination, and the negotiation of identity. This volume opens up a set of questions relating to the contemporaneous agency of images as well as their current appropriation via new technologies. Case studies of pictures taken in Mexico, Columbia, Peru and Brazil analyze these processes by tracing how the images have been resignified over time and space. The contributions examine photographs that have been recently rediscovered by such diverse actors as European museums, human rights organizations, anthropologists, shamans, local historians, and communities of internet users.

Part I. Rethinking US imperialism -- Imperialism and capitalism: rethinking an intimate relationship -- Imperialism in an era of extractive capitalism -- Extractive imperialism and the post-neoliberal state -- Agroextractivist imperialism -- Part II. Policy and resistance dynamics of US imperialism -- US imperialism in Latin America: then and now -- US global power in the 21st century: military or economic imperialism? -- Fifty years of imperial wars: results and perspectives -- Networks of empire and realignments of world power -- Paradoxes of anti-imperialism and class struggle -- Part III. The Venezuela pivot of US imperialism -- The United States and Venezuela: decades of defeats and destabilization

Latin America has a long tradition of constitutional reform. Since the democratic transitions of the 1980s, most countries have amended their constitutions at least once, and some have even undergone constitutional reform several times. The global phenomenon of a new constitutionalism, with enhanced rights provisions, finds expression in the region, but the new constitutions, such as those of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, also have some peculiar characteristics which are discussed in this important book. Authors from a number of different disciplines offer a general overview of constitutional reforms in Latin America since 1990. They explore the historical, philosophical and doctrinal differences between traditional and new constitutionalism in Latin America and examine sources of inspiration. The book also covers sociopolitical settings, which factors and actors are relevant for the reform process, and analyzes the constitutional practices after reform, including the question of whether the recent constitutional reforms created new post-liberal democracies with an enhanced human and social rights record, or whether they primarily serve the ambitions of new political leaders.

Bringing together comparative case studies from Central Europe and South America, this book focuses on 'new' regions - regions created as political projects of modernization and 're-scaling'. Through this approach it de-codes 'New Regionalism' in terms of its contributions to institutional change, while acknowledging its contested nature and contradictions.

On 25 November 1975, representatives of five South American intelligence services held a secret meeting in the city of Santiago, Chile. At the end of the gathering, the participating delegations agreed to launch Operation Condor under the pretext of coordinating counterinsurgency activities, sharing information to combat leftist guerrillas and stopping an alleged advance of Marxism in the region. Condor, however, went much further than mere exchanges of information between neighbours. It was a plan to transnationalize state terrorism beyond South America. This book identifies the reasons why the South American military regimes chose this strategic path at a time when most revolutionary movements in the region were defeated, in the process of leaving behind armed struggle and resuming the political path. One of Condor's most intriguing features was the level of cooperation achieved by these governments considering the distrust, animosity and historical rivalries between these countries' armed forces. This book explores these differences and goes further than previous lines of inquiry, which have focused predominantly on the conflict between Latin American leftist guerrillas and the armed forces, to study the contribution made by other actors such as civilian anticommunist figures and organizations, and the activities conducted by politically active exiles and their supporters in numerous countries. This broader approach confirms that the South American dictatorships launched the Condor Plan to systematically eliminate any kind of opposition, especially key figures and groups involved in the denunciation of the regimes' human rights violations

Preliminary Material /Pamela A. Patton -- Introduction: Race, Color, and the Visual in Iberia and Latin America /Pamela A. Patton -- The Black Madonna of Montserrat: An Exception to Concepts of Dark Skin in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia? /Elisa A. Foster -- Visualizing Black Sanctity in Early Modern Spanish Polychrome Sculpture /Erin Kathleen Rowe -- The Color of Salvation: The Materiality of Blackness in Alonso de Sandoval's De instauranda Aethiopum salute /Grace Harpster -- Imagined Transformations: Color, Beauty, and Black Christian Conversion in Seventeenth-Century Spanish America /Larissa Brewer-García -- White or Black? Albinism and Spotted Blacks in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World /Ilona Katzew -- Making Race Visible in the Colonial Andes /Ananda Cohen Suarez -- From Casta to Costumbrismo: Representations of Racialized Social Spaces /Mey-Yen Moriuchi -- Tropical Dreams: Promoting Brazil in Nineteenth-Century US Media /Beatriz E. Balanta -- The Form of Race: Architecture, Epistemology, and National Identity in Fernando Chueca Goitia's Invariantes castizos de la arquitectura española (1947) /Matilde Mateo -- Race and the Historiography of Colonial Art /Charlene Villaseñor Black -- Selected Bibliography /Pamela A. Patton -- Index /Pamela A. Patton.

Introduction : politics of inclusion in Latin America -- Women, Afrodescendants, and Indigenous peoples in elected office -- Gender quotas : why and how? -- Indigenous reservations and gender parity in Bolivia -- The rise and fall of political inclusion in Colombia -- Brazil : combatting exclusion through quotas in higher education -- After quotas : women's presence and legislative behavior in Argentina

"Drawing on recently declassified sources, this examination of German wartime intelligence services traces the logistical and strategic expansion of the Third Reich's foreign covert operations in World War II. American fascist movements of the 1930s are discussed, along with Nazi sabotage missions in the U.S. and intelligence penetrations and domestic collusion in Latin America"--

1. The evolution of the theory and practice of rights in Latin American Catholicism / Daniel H. Levine --. - 2. Violence and everyday experience in early twentieth-first-century Latin America / Robert Albro --. - Part I. Rethinking religious contributions to human rights --. - 3. Human rights and Christian responsibility: transnational Christian activism, human rights, and state violence in Brazil and Chile in the 1970s / Patrick William Kelly --. - 4. Church responses to political violence in Central America: from liberation theology to human rights / Virginia Garrard-Burnett --. - 5. The institutional church and pastoral ministry: unity and conflict in the defense of human rights in Chile / Alexander Wilde --. - 6. Violent times: Catholicism and dictatorship in Argentina in the 1970s / María Soledad Catoggio --. - 7. Transformations in Catholicism under political violence: Córdoba, Argentina, 1960-1980 / Gustavo Morello --. - 8. Religion meets legal strategy: Catholic clerics, lawyers, and the defense of human rights in Brazil / Rafael Mafei Rabelo Queiroz --. - Part II. Contemporary ministries responding to violence --. - 9. Building peace and dignity: Jesuit engagement in Colombia's Magdalena Medio / Elyssa Pachico --. - 10. From preaching to listening: extractive industries, communities, and the church in rural Peru / Javier Arellano-Yanguas --. - 11. Violence and pastoral care in Putumayo, Colombia / Winifred Tate --. - 12. Violence, religion, and institutional legitimacy in northern Central America / Robert Brenneman --. - 13. The politics of presence: evangelical ministry in Brazilian prisons / Andrew Johnson --. - 14. "Fui migrante y me hospedaron": the Catholic Church's responses to violence against Central American migrants in Mexico / Amelia Frank-Vitale --. - 15. From guns to God: mobilizing evangelical Christianity in Urabá, Colombia / Kimberly Theidon