Possible author: Pascoe Grenfell. - Cf. copy from the Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration Library, in Pre-1956 NUC. ; Signed: A.B. ; Microfiche (neg.) 1 sheet. 11 x 15 cm. (NYPL FSN 30,970). ; Mode of access: Internet.
(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references and index. ; (Funding) Funded through the Humanities Open Book, which is jointly sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. ; (Statement of Responsibility) [by] Cornelis Ch. Goslinga.
In 1940 the U.S. Army Signal Intelligence Service broke the Japanese diplomatic code. In 1975 Oshima Hiroshi, Japan's ambassador to Berlin during World War II, died, never knowing that the hundreds of messages he transmitted to Tokyo had been fully decoded by the Americans and whisked off to Washington, providing a major source of information for the Allies on Nazi activities. Resurrecting Oshima's decoded communications, which had remained classified for several decades, Carl Boyd provides a unique look at the Nazis from the perspective of a close foreign observer and ally. He uses Oshima's own words to reveal the thought and strategies of Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis, with whom Oshima associated. In addition to providing illuminating insight into Nazi activities and attitudes--military buildup in North Africa, the unwillingness to accept a separate peace with the Soviets--Boyd illustrates the functions of MAGIC. He demonstrates how that intelligence, gathered by teams of American cryptographers, influenced Allied strategy and helped bring about the downfall of Hitler and his Japanese confidant. [From the publisher] ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_books/1052/thumbnail.jpg
International environmental accords have become important mechanisms by which nations make promises to administer natural resources and manage the global environment. Previous studies, relying mainly on single cases or small-n data sets, have shed light on the proximate political causes of participation in these agreements. However, no study has yet systematically explained the deeper social determinants of why nations sign, ignore or resist environmental treaties. We offer a theoretically-sequenced model that exploits complementarities between rational choice institutionalism and world-systems theory. Key variables posited by realists and constructivists are also examined, using a new environmental treaty participation index based on ratifications of 22 major environmental agreements by 192 nations. Cross-sectional OLS regression and path analysis strongly supports the institutionalist claim that credibility—the willingness and ability to honor one's international environmental commit-ments—"matters." But these measures also lend considerable support to the world-systems hypothesis that state credibility is strongly influenced by a legacy of colonial incorporation into the world economy. Narrow export base—our proxy for disadvantaged position in the world-economy—directly and indirectly (through institutions and civil society strength) explains nearly six-tenths of national propensity to sign environmental treaties. A nation's natural capital, its ecological vulnerability, and international environmental NGO memberships had no explanatory power in the path analysis. Our results indicate that new theoretical, methodological and policy approaches are needed to address structural barriers to international cooperation.
The article is devoted to the problem of textual connections between The Tale of Igor's Campaign and the narratives about the campaign of Prince Igor in 1185, which are part of the chronicles of the Laurentian group and the Ipatiev Chronicle. Hypotheses and opinions belonging to various scholars are examined in detail: the idea of the absence of such connections, the assumption of the primacy of The Tale in relation to the narrative from the Ipatiev Chronicle, the statement of the secondary nature of the "song" about Igor's campaign in relation to both narratives. The subject of attention is primarily the overview of concepts by P.E. Vadenyuk, I.P. Khrushchov, V.N. Peretz, A.A. Zimin, B.A. Rybakov, V.Yu. Franchuk, B.I. Yatsenko, L.V. Sokolova, A.N. Uzhankov. As a result of a critical analysis of the existing hypotheses and a comparative analysis of The Tale and two narratives, it is proved that this literary monument is secondary in relation to the narrative contained in the chronicles of the Laurentian group (apparently, to its core as part of the hypothetical Pereyaslav or Chernigov chronicles), and is primary in relation to the text of the narrative from the Ipatiev Chronicle. The idea of the dependence of The Tale of Igor's Campaign on the narrative of the Laurentian group is assessed as quite convincing, and considerations in favor of the version of the secondary nature of The Tale in relation to the narrative of the Ipatiev Chronicle are recognized as contradicting the facts: the nature of the references to the Kayala River and the sea in both texts indicates that the chronicle was not the source of The Tale, but, on the contrary, the "song" influenced the chronicle narrative. The findings support the early dating of the Tale of Igor's Campaign (mid to second half of the 1180s) and are indirect arguments in favor of the authenticity of the "song".
The article is devoted to the problem of textual connections between The Tale of Igor's Campaign and the narratives about the campaign of Prince Igor in 1185, which are part of the chronicles of the Laurentian group and the Ipatiev Chronicle. Hypotheses and opinions belonging to various scholars are examined in detail: the idea of the absence of such connections, the assumption of the primacy of the Tale in relation to the narrative from the Ipatiev Chronicle, the statement of the secondary nature of the 'song' about Igor's campaign in relation to both narratives. The subject of attention is primarily the overview of concepts by P.E. Vadenyuk, I.P. Khrushchov, V.N. Peretz, A.A. Zimin, B.A. Rybakov, V.Yu. Franchuk, B.I. Yatsenko, L.V. Sokolova, A.N. Uzhankov. As a result of a critical analysis of the existing hypotheses and a comparative analysis of the Tale and two narratives, it is proved that this literary monument is secondary in relation to the narrative contained in the chronicles of the Laurentian group (apparently, to its core as part of the hypothetical Pereyaslav or Chernigov chronicles), and is primary in relation to the text of the narrative from the Ipatiev Chronicle. The idea of the dependence of The Tale of Igor's Campaign on the narrative of the Laurentian group is assessed as quite convincing, and considerations in favor of the version of the secondary nature of The Tale in relation to the narrative of the Ipatiev Chronicle are recognized as contradicting the facts: the nature of the references to the Kayala River and the sea in both texts indicates that the chronicle was not the source of The Tale, but, on the contrary, the 'song' influenced the chronicle narrative. The findings support the early dating of The Tale of Igor's Campaign (mid to second half of the 1180s) and are indirect arguments in favor of the authenticity of the 'song'.
