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У статті автор досліджує спектр передумов успішності іноземного агресорного маніпулятивного впливу на масову свідомість, після чого частина громадян України стали інструментом у гібридній війні Російської Федерації проти України. Аналізуються перші політичні міфи, які передували мілітарній стадії війни. ; В статье автор исследует спектр предпосылок успешности иностранного агрессорного манипуляционного влияния на массовое сознание, после чего часть граждан Украины стала инструментом в гибридной войне Российской Федерации против Украины. Анализируются первые политические мифы, которые предваряли милитарную стадию войны. ; The author analyzes the external manipulation of public consciousness of Ukrainian citizens. He shows this effect as an integral part of the war that Russia wages against Ukraine.The article highlighted preparation of public consciousness at least by part of the Ukrainian. Because of this training they were able to mindlessly adopt anti-ukrainian and anti-state ideas and become an instrument in hands of the aggressor.The author identifies the following processes preliminary stage of hybrid war to influence the mass consciousness of citizens of Ukraine:- deintelektualization, weakening of critical function of mind, creativity and mature personality traits. This process operates globally;- anomization of Ukrainian society with emphasis formation chaos moral, religious and legal norms in the east of Ukraine;- nihilization of society, which led to protest the attitude of sections of the population to these models, shame regarding involvement in the Ukrainian state, erasing national identity;- endogenius shizmohenetic political aspirations that through political myth, further weakened the all-identity discourse in the minds of citizens of Ukraine, especially the East.Also the author singles out the following three vectors preparatory work of political myths that have led Russia for its invasion unimpedimentation:- exogenous shizmohenetic by creating information particular products kvaziscientifical mythological suggestions of Ukraine the idea of her attraction to the Russian "center of civilization";- defamatory activities against the revolution in 2014 that overthrew the pro-Russian kleptocratic regime of Yanukovych. Russia was created a powerful diversified technological product that covered the Ukrainian revolution in exclusively negative emphasis - as rebellion fascists, nationalists, perverts, etc; - a commitment of pro-Russian citizens of Ukraine to panic by deliberately disseminated rumors of fictional danger from legions of nationalists who allegedly will punish all dissenters, setting fascist social order in Crimea and the East.

American Crossings: Border Politics in the Western Hemisphere, edited by Maiah Jaskoski, Arturo C. Sotomayor & Harold A. Trinkunas, 2015; reviewed by Olivier Thomas Kramsch The Remittance Landscape: Spaces of Migration in Rural Mexico and Urban USA, by Sarah Lynn Lopez, 2015; reviewed by Christien Klaufus Latin America's Emerging Middle Classes; Economic Perspectives, editado por Jeff Dayton-Johnson, 2015; reseñado por Ludolfo Paramio Cities, Business and the Politics of Urban Violence in Latin America, by Eduardo Moncada,2016; reviewed by Gerard Martin Who Counts? The Mathematics of Death and Life after Genocide, by Diane Nelson, 2015; reviewed by Finn Stepputat Owners of the Sidewalk: Security and Survival in the Informal City, by Daniel Goldstein, 2015; reviewed by Griet Steel Beyond Tradition, Beyond Invention: Cosmic Technologies and Creativity in Contemporary Afro-Cuban Religions, edited by Diana Espírito Santo and Anastasios Panagiotopoulos, 2015; reviewed by Ken Chitwood Cuba and the U.S. Empire. A Chronological History, by Jane Franklin, 2016; reviewed by Edgar Göll Haydée Santamaría, Cuban Revolutionary: She Led by Transgression, by Margaret Randall, 2015; Vilma Espín Guillois: el fuego de la libertad, by Yolanda Ferrer Gómez and Carolina Aguilar Ayerra, 2015; reviewed by Dirk Kruijt Revolutionary Ideology and Political Destiny in Mexico, 1928-1934: Lázaro Cárdenas and Adalberto Tejeda, by Eitan Ginzberg, 2015; reviewed by Heather Fowler-Salamini Political Landscapes: Forest, Conservation and Community in Mexico, by Christopher R. Boyer, 2015; reviewed by Mariel Aguilar-Støen A Sentimental Education for the Working Man. The Mexico City Penny Press, 1900-1910, por Robert M. Buffington, 2015; reseñado por Lucas Poy Pesos and Politics: Business, Elites, Foreigners and Government in Mexico, 1854-1940, by Mark Wasserman, 2015; reviewed by Benedicte Bull State Theory and Andean Politics: New Approaches to the Study of Rule, edited by Christopher Krupa and David Nugent, 2015; reviewed by Marc Simon ThomasBrazilian Propaganda: Legitimizing an Authoritarian Regime, by Nina Schneider, 2014; reviewed by João Roberto Martins Filho The Invention of the Brazilian Northeast, by Durval Muniz de Albuquerque, 2014; reviewed by José Luiz Ratton A Right to Health; Medicine, Marginality, and Health Care Reform in Northeastern Brazil, by Jessica Scott Jerome, 2015; reviewed by Hudson P. Silva

Nowadays tIle wlleeL~" oj'tlle Indonesian natioll'S life are turning on tIle lowestruts due to tile continual multidinlensi()nal crisis in politics, .\"ecurily, and economy. Italso injects the products oj'education in the jiJrm (J/hunzan res()urce.'" whose competitivepower is increasingly g()il1g.far below tllat ofatller developing countries.In entering tIle twenty-.(irst century tile universitya.\" tIle center ofexcellence willplaya very i(npOrlant part in tIle preparation 0.[ individuals witll tecllnological and11umanitarian orientati(Jns. A,11(Jng tile fiJrenl()st cllaracteristics related to tllat aspect areorientation to prob/enl solving and quality of'work and care in ~pendingtime, which arepossessed by tile cultural type of tile nlodern man. In answer to tllat cllallenge tileuJliversity i.\' greatly in need ofself-ordering, of being ever readyfor conlpetition, and ofcontinually searching for opportunities to assert its self-e.xistence. And it can assert itsself-existence by presenting prinle progranls tllat are profe.\'sional and ready to supportprocesses ofproduction and possess tIle creativity tllat enables tllemselves to create new.fields qfworkfor J'ob seekers.In times to come there will be increasingly m()re intense c(Jmpetition. The brightfuture of the Ilandicraft arts in meeting tile needs of tourism and also being a primesource oj'tlle national dividend is opening wide so tllat otller institutions are alreadybeginning to present similar relatedprogral11s. Tllis does not eliminate tIle possibility fllatthe Handicraft Skill Course Program of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, StateUniversity of Yogyakarta, will overlook tile opportunity, beco111e a neglected courseprograJl1, andfinally remain only in memory. In relation to tllat, it needs self-ordering.Here are si.x suggested points tllat prime progralns sllould give elnpllasis on: producing(1) Iluman resources able to Ilandle educati()n in /landicrqft arts who possess strongtlleoretical cOl1lpetence, (2) 11uman resources Wll0 conduct researcll on, searcll for, anddiscover Ilandicraji arts to forl1lulate new tlleories witll tlleln able to be resource persons,(3) 11un1an resources ready to he 11andicrafl art critics delivering tl1eir criticisms so tllatpeople know well the meanings within handicraft arts, and (4) human resources able tobe conzpetent Ilarldicrq(t art designers, (5) trail1ing experts in tile field practice ofmaking11andicraft' art products, Wllicll demand\' not only able 11ands but also mastery ofprOdlJction mae/lines, and (6) preparing Iluman resources WllO are ready to becomeIlandicrafl art business people and marketing managers WllO know well about patentrigllts and appreciate and acknowledge otllers ' works so that tllere is no piracy.

Abstract : The creativity of local governments' officials to innovate is possible with the discretion through government law no.30 in the year of 2014 on public administration. This law strictly regulated the usage of discretion by public officials. This often due to the improper administration of public officials alleged to have committed irregularities of authority for issuing a policy. This also occurs in administration in the Pidie district, where many local officials were caught of corruption cases and become the victims of a policy followed in the execution of their daily tasks. Based on the problem, this research used empirical methods.Research results show that the cause of local government officials rarely using discretion hearts regional government is their fears and concerns become corruption suspects because of a difference perception with investigators. It is advisable to review the settlement yang can be reached hearts singer problem is the government and pidie district law enforcement officials must have legal rules or standard operating procedures the principal obviously hearts duties and functions of their day - day and work together to review among them equalize perception and insights thinking.Keywords: Discretion, Public Officials, District Geverment. Abstrak : Kreatifitas pejabat pemerintahan daerah untuk berinovasi dimungkinkan dengan adanya ruang bagi diskresi melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Undang-Undang ini mengatur secara tegas ketentuan diskresi oleh pejabat publik. Hal ini perlu ditegaskan karena seringkali akibat kesalahan administrasi pejabat publik dinyatakan telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum, melakukan penyimpangan atau penyalahgunaan kewenangan karena mengeluarkan suatu kebijakan. Hal ini juga terjadi di lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Pidie, banyak pejabat pemerintahan daerah tersangkut perkara korupsi dan menjadi korban dari sebuah kebijakan yang diambil dalam pelaksanaan tugas. Berdasarkan objek masalah, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab pejabat pemerintah daerah jarang menggunakan diskresi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah adalah adanya ketakutan dan kekhawatiran akan menjadi tersangka pelaku tindak pidana korupsi disebabkan terjadinya perbedaan persepsi dengan penyidik. Disarankan untuk penyelesaian yang dapat ditempuh dalam masalah ini adalah Pemerintah Kabupaten Pidie dan aparat penegak hukum harus memiliki aturan hukum atau Standar Operasional Prosedur yang jelas dalam pelaksanaan tugas pokok dan fungsi mereka sehari-hari dan bekerjasama diantara mereka untuk menyamakan persepsi dan wawasan berpikir.Kata kunci : Diskresi, Pejabat Pemerintah, Pemerintahan Daerah.

This paper is an analysis of mediation, in which special focus was put on the creativity of individuals in the world of social meanings. The typology of mediation participants and the ways in which they build a situation is presented, including: (i) types of social relations in advisory situations as described by Alicja Kargulowa; (ii) Roger Fisher's, William Ury's and Bruce Patton's method of negotiations; and (iii) the work by Kenneth L. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann in which the relation between negotiators and the purpose of mediation, or the attitude of negotiators to its purpose and other participants of a conflict situation have been taken into account. This different approach to mediation allows the reader to see other aspects of the procedure. Contrary to the criminal trial, the vision of mediation presented here reveals that the settlement arrived at by the parties is not the only benefit of the procedure, as it does not only focus on facts but also on relationships and the interests of the parties.Looking at the process of mediation through the prism of the negotiating parties may be an inspiration and raise awareness. It also serves to ensure openness to the philosophy of restorative justice. ; W artykule podjęto analizę mediacji, eksponując indywidualną kreatywność jednostki w świecie znaczeń społecznych. Przedstawiono typologię uczestników mediacji i ich sposobów budowania sytuacji. Autorka pokazuje typy uczestników, uwzględniając: (1) sposoby nawiązywania rodzajów stosunków społecznych w sytuacjach poradniczych opisanych przez Alicję Kargulową; (2) metody negocjowania wyróżnione przez Rogera Fishera, Williama Ury'ego, Bruce'a Pattona oraz (3) opracowanie Kennetha L. Thomasa and Ralpha H. Kilmanna uwzględniające stosunek negocjatorów do celu i innych osób w sytuacji konfliktowej. Pokazanie odmiennego od prezentowanych dotychczas obrazu mediacji zwraca uwagę na inne niż prawne aspekty mediacji w sprawach karnych. Przedstawiona wizja mediacji pozwala dostrzec, że spisana przez strony ugoda nie jest jedyną korzyścią ze stosowania tej procedury, która w przeciwieństwie do procesu sądowego koncentruje się nie tylko na faktach, lecz także na relacjach i interesach działających i kształtujących przebieg interakcji stron. Być może spojrzenie na przebieg procesu mediacji przez pryzmat negocjujących stron konfliktu stanie się inspiracją czy będzie służyć uwrażliwieniu i otwarciu na filozofię sprawiedliwości naprawczej.

This work provides a consistent analysis of the effects of the left hemisphere of the educational process, the method and form of distorting effects in genetically determined waysof knowing. Supported by the results of this process, manifested in the degradation of the spiritual, moral and ideological beginning of man.Out of this impasse lies with the education system, including the transition from a one-hemisphere logikotsentriruemogo process of cognition – thinking on dvupolusharnoe (logic + intuition) holistic thinking. The transformation in the areas of economy, politics, social life is secondary, ie, the result of the formation of the new man left a holistic system of education at school, with the restoration of his genetically determined sense-stage character of perception of reality of the physical world and, as a consequence, reduction of distortions in the way of self-development, self-actualization, creativity, and spiritual and moral development. ; Данная работа дает последовательный анализ последствий левополушарного образовательного процесса, указаны методы и формы деформирующих воздействий в генетически детерминированном пути познания. Обоснован результат этого процесса, выражающийся в деградации духовно-нравственного и мировоззренческого начала человека. Выход из данного тупика лежит на системе образования, включающей переход от однополушарного логикоцентрируемого процесса познания – мышления на двуполушарное (логическое+интуитивное) целостное мышление. Трансформация в областях экономики, политики, социальной жизни общества будет вторичной, т.е. следствием формирования нового человека с левой целостной системой образования со школьной скамьи, с восстановления у него генетически детерминированного чувственно-символьного этапа восприятия реальностей физического мира и, как следствие, уменьшение искажений на пути саморазвития, самоактуализации, творчества и духовно-нравственного развития. ; Ця робота дає послідовний аналіз наслідків лівопівкульного освітнього процесу, вказані методи і форми деформувальних дій в генетично детермінованому шляху пізнання. Обгрунтований результат цього процесу, що виражається в деградації духовно-морального і світоглядного начала людини. Вихід з цієї безвиході лежить на системі освіти, що включає перехід від однопівкульного логікоцентричного процесу пізнання, – мислення на двопівкульне (логічне+інтуїтивне) цілісне мислення. Трансформація в галузях економіки, політики, соціальному житті суспільства буде вторинною, тобто наслідком формування нової людини з лівою цілісною системою освіти з шкільної лави, з відновлення у нього генетично детермінованого чуттєво-символьного етапу сприйняття реальностей фізичного світу і, як наслідок, зменшення спотворень на шляху саморозвитку, самоактуалізації, творчості і духовно-морального розвитку.

In January 2015, the attack on the French satiric magazine Charlie Hebdo headquarters in Paris caused a lot of reactions on social media, including the appearance of the hashtag #jesuischarlie in order to express support and alignment with the victims. From then on, the stem #jesuis has been productive e.g. #jesuisparis after the November 2015 Paris attacks, but has also evolved into humoristic uses. In these, humor has an adversarial function (Veale et al. 2006): they ridicule the conveyed political or emotional load, underlining among others the superficiality of the massive social media protest (Kuipers 2002) and/or intentionally pushing the boundaries of the taboo of violent death. While the hashtag was originally developed as a way to indicate thematic coherence and to structure messages, its uses are now also largely rhetoric (Giles et al. 2015: 49). This paper will address from a linguistic-discursive perspective the hashtag #jesuis and its variants, specifically those used for humoristic purposes, with the aim of placing this strategy among other functions of hashtags (Zappavigna 2015). Our analysis will be based on a database of tweets from 2015-2016 containing #jesuis. The hashtag is not only produced in French tweets, which is another proof of the creativity of its use. We will focus particularly on the evolution of hashtags that were initially supportive, such as #jesuischien 'Iamdog' (concerning the death of a police-dog), to the ridiculing by means of the playful breaking of the taboo of death, through hashtags such as #jesuiscafard 'Iamcockroach', #jesuisfourmi 'Iamant'. The latter use a parallel syntactic structure (Davies 1984), but refer to animals that are lower in the taxonomy, in terms of emotional connection, therefore questioning the pertinence of mourning. With this study, we wish to explore how the hashtags are used not only as a structuring device, but also as a preferred locus for polyphonic echoing of previous hashtags and for humoristic uses. The recognizability of the hashtag, both at a technical level by means of the #-sign and by means of its linguistic structure, contribute to its specific role for rhetoric uses, viz. to express affiliation and to challenge the limits of taboo in social media, which encourage their users to rapidly express themselves on sensitive societal topics, such as terrorism.

The climate, ecosystems and species, ozone layer, acidity of the oceans, the flow of energy and elements through nature, landscape change, freshwater systems, aerosols, and toxins—these constitute the planetary boundaries within which humanity must find a safe way to live and prosper. These are thresholds that, if we cross them, we run the risk of rapid, non-linear, and irreversible changes to the environment, with severe consequences for human wellbeing. The concept of planetary boundaries, though recent, has already gained traction in scientific and in some policy circles, and is generating debate more broadly. Nevertheless, despite decades of talk on sustainable development, reform of international governance and institutions has not kept pace with the scale and urgency of the global environmental crisis. The notion of planetary boundaries can be seen as a way to frame governance reform. This discussion introduces key elements of governance in a world with boundaries: deep reform of international governance, such as the United Nations system and trade treaties; emerging ecological concepts and principles in international law; the role of economics for the biosphere; and, the need to integrate different kinds of knowledge—from the local to the global. The literature is rich with ideas for solutions and real-world experiences. One recent example from south-eastern Australia demonstrates innovative approaches to knowledge sharing and communication between scientists, urban planners, and local communities for sustainable development in a changing climate. Finally, there is need for a mobilizing narrative: a story grounded in the concept of planetary boundaries, uniting the solutions, and framed in such a way as to offer opportunities for learning, innovation, and creativity at all levels, in both the North and South. There are no simple solutions to what are complex problems involving politics and trade-offs. Ongoing debate and discussion—in academia, in policy circles, and in society at large—is healthy, but we should not allow debate about the precise nature of planetary boundaries to stymie progress. Exploring these issues and the interface between different fields is a challenging task, to be sure. Still, it is essential if the concept of planetary boundaries is to fulfill its potential as a guide for human action in the Anthropocene.

In January 2015, the attack on the French satiric magazine Charlie Hebdo headquarters in Paris caused a lot of reactions on social media, including the appearance of the hashtag #jesuischarlie in order to express support and alignment with the victims. From then on, the stem #jesuis has been productive e.g. #jesuisparis after the November 2015 Paris attacks, but has also evolved into humoristic uses. In these, humor has an adversarial function (Veale et al. 2006): they ridicule the conveyed political or emotional load, underlining among others the superficiality of the massive social media protest (Kuipers 2002) and/or intentionally pushing the boundaries of the taboo of violent death. This poster will address from a linguistic-discursive perspective the hashtag #jesuis and its variants, specifically those used for humoristic purposes, with the aim of placing this strategy among other functions of hashtags (Zappavigna 2015). Our analysis will be based on a database of tweets from 2015-2016 containing #jesuis. The hashtag is not only produced in French tweets, which is another proof of the creativity of its use. We will focus particularly on the evolution of hashtags that were initially supportive, such as #jesuischien 'Iamdog' (concerning the death of a police-dog), to the ridiculing by means of the playful breaking of the taboo of death, through hashtags such as #jesuiscafard 'Iamcockroach', #jesuisfourmi 'Iamant'. The latter use a parallel syntactic structure (Davies 1984), but refer to animals that are lower in the taxonomy, in terms of emotional connection, therefore questioning the pertinence of mourning. With this study, we wish to explore the communicative affordances of hashtags in social media, which encourage their users to rapidly express themselves on sensitive societal topics, such as terrorism. References Davies, Catherine E. (1984). Joint joking. Improvisational humorous episodes in conversation. In Brugman, Claudia et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley: University of Berkeley Press, 360–371. Kuipers, Giselinde (2002). Media culture and Internet disaster jokes: bin Laden and the attack on the World Trade Center. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 5(4), 450-470. Veale, Tony; Feyaerts, Kurt; Brône, Geert (2006). The Cognitive Mechanisms of Adversarial Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 19(3), 305-339. Zappavigna, Michele. (2015). Searchable talk: the linguistic functions of hashtags. Social Semiotics, Vol. 25 (3), 274-291.

The paper deals with the ideologically conditioned changes of cultural politics in socialist Yugoslavia in the first decade after the Second World War (1945-1955) and their influences on children's poetry. The sudden shift from party-controlled socialist realism towards freedom of (also ideologically established) scientific and artistic creativity has resulted in the artistic and ideological phenomenon that certain literary historians call socialist aesthetics. The paper will attempt to prove that the expression of this kind of aestheticism in children's literature is modern poetry for children. Ideas of creative freedom and general social modernism were reflected in the educational politics and social welfare of children and youth. All this is expressed in poetry that gives priority to play, primarily language play, humor, and imagination over direct pedagogical function. Such poetry has its roots in folk and European literary tradition, welcoming children's wishes and fears. It is emancipatory and simultaneously detached from many aspects of the reality of children's lives and children's status in society. Such poetry emerged in various ways and within various national cultures of the former socialist Yugoslavia, at the same time realizing similar, and in many ways, comparative aesthetic and social effects. ; Rad se bavi ideološki uvjetovanim promjenama kulturne politike u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji u prvom desetljeću poslije Drugoga svjetskog rata (1945. – 1955.) i njihovim utjecajima na dječju poeziju. Nagli zaokret od partijski kontroliranog socijalističkog realizma prema slobodi (također ideološki uspostavljenoj) znanstvenog i umjetničkog stvaralaštva rezultirao je umjetničko-ideološkim fenomenom koji pojedini povjesničari književnosti nazivaju socijalističkim estetizmom. Naš rad dokazuje da je izraz takvog estetizma u dječjoj književnosti moderna poezija za djecu. Ideje stvaralačke slobode i sveopćeg društvenog modernizma reflektirale su se i u prosvjetnoj politici i u društvenoj skrbi o djeci i mladima. Sve je to našlo svoj izraz u poeziji koja daje prednost igri, i to, prije svega, igri u jeziku, humoru i mašti nad izravnom pedagoškom funkcijom. Takva poezija ima svoje izvore i u narodnoj i u europskoj književnoj tradiciji, otvorena je za dječje želje i strahove, emancipacijska je, ali je istodobno i odijeljena od mnogih aspekata stvarnoga dječjeg života i položaja djeteta u društvu. Takva je poezija na različite načine nastajala unutar različitih nacionalnih kultura nekadašnje socijalističke Jugoslavije, istodobno ostvarujući slične i po mnogo čemu usporedive estetske i socijalne učinke.

In January 2015, the attack on the French satiric magazine Charlie Hebdo headquarters in Paris caused a lot of reactions on social media, including the appearance of the hashtag #jesuischarlie in order to express support and alignment with the victims. From then on, the stem #jesuis has been productive e.g. #jesuisparis after the November 2015 Paris attacks, but has also evolved into humoristic uses. In these, humor has an adversarial function (Veale et al. 2006): they ridicule the conveyed political or emotional load, underlining among others the superficiality of the massive social media protest (Kuipers 2002) and/or intentionally pushing the boundaries of the taboo of violent death. While the hashtag was originally developed as a way to indicate thematic coherence and to structure messages, its uses are now also largely rhetoric (Giles et al. 2015: 49). This paper will address from a linguistic-discursive perspective the hashtag #jesuis and its variants, specifically those used for humoristic purposes, with the aim of placing this strategy among other functions of hashtags (Zappavigna 2015). Our analysis will be based on a database of tweets from 2015-2016 containing #jesuis. The hashtag is not only produced in French tweets, which is another proof of the creativity of its use. We will focus particularly on the evolution of hashtags that were initially supportive, such as #jesuischien 'Iamdog' (concerning the death of a police-dog), to the ridiculing by means of the playful breaking of the taboo of death, through hashtags such as #jesuiscafard 'Iamcockroach', #jesuisfourmi 'Iamant'. The latter use a parallel syntactic structure (Davies 1984), but refer to animals that are lower in the taxonomy, in terms of emotional connection, therefore questioning the pertinence of mourning. With this study, we wish to explore how the hashtags are used not only as a structuring device, but also as a preferred locus for polyphonic echoing of previous hashtags and for humoristic uses. The recognizability of the hashtag, both at a technical level by means of the #-sign and by means of its linguistic structure, contribute to its specific role for rhetoric uses, viz. to express affiliation and to challenge the limits of taboo in social media, which encourage their users to rapidly express themselves on sensitive societal topics, such as terrorism.

Цель. Данная статья посвящена анализу специфики политической элитарности как особого социального явления и базовых тенденций её трансформации в условиях перехода к обществу постмодерна. Методы. Исследование концентрируется, прежде всего, на теоретическом осмыслении феномена политической элитарности общества и базируется как на общенаучных методах (дедуктивном, индуктивном, анализе и синтезе), так и специально-научных, в том числе, сравнительно-историческом, институционально-матричном (применительно к изучению форм рекрутирования элит) методах. Результаты. В статье дается характеристика особенностей политической элитарности, выявляются её основа, профессионально-творческий потенциал, и базовые составляющие, объединяющие личностные характеристики, статусно-функциональные признаки, а также социодуховные черты. Рассматриваются важнейшие тенденции, обусловливающие трансформацию политической элитарности в условиях перехода к стадии постмодерна в общественном развитии. Научная новизна. Определены и проанализированы не только базовые составляющие политической элитарности современного общества, но и раскрыты социальные факторы и механизмы их трансформации в условиях перехода к обществу постмодерна. Прежде всего, это относится как к особенностям ряда социальных слоев и групп, образующих социальную структуру современного общества, и выступающих социальной основой элиты, так и к самому процессу политического рекрутинга. ; Purpose. This article is about the analysis the specifics of the political elite as a specific social phenomenon and the basic trends of its transformation in the transition to a postmodern society. Methods. The study focuses primarily on the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of the society political elite and is based both on scientific methods (deductive, inductive, analysis and synthesis), and specially-research, including comparative historical, institutional matrix (with respect to the study forms of recruitment of elites) methods. Results. The article describes the features of the political elite, revealed its foundation, professional creativity and the basic components of combining personal characteristics, functional status and symptoms, as well as socio spiritual traits. Author considered the most important trends that contribute to the transformation of the political elite in the transition to the postmodern stage in social development. Scientific novelty. Author identified and analyzed not only the basic components of the political elite of modern society, but also revealed the social factors and mechanisms of their transformation in the transition to a postmodern society. First of all, this applies to the characteristics of a number of social strata and groups that make up the social structure of modern society, and extending the social basis of the elite and to the process of political recruitment.

В статье речь идет о жизни и деятельности историка, публициста, коллекционера древних исторических документов Михаила Погодина. Акцент ставится на исследовании источниковедческой и историографической традиций, связанных с изучением жизни и творчества Погодина. В качестве источников используются воспоминания современников о Погодине, а также труды историков, написанные в разные эпохи и содержащие оценку роли и значения деятельности Погодина как историка, публициста, коллекционера древних документов. В историографическом обзоре анализируется участие Погодина в общественных исторических дискуссиях XIX века, рассматривается его позиция по отношению к движению славянофилов. Авторы статьи придерживаются точки зрения, что Погодин не был славянофилом в том смысле, который традиционно связывался с этим термином. Погодин не увлекался геополитическими конструкциями границ империи, что занимало славянофилов, а стремился понять самобытность и специфику исторического развития России. В статье приводятся точки зрения историков, политологов и лингвистов по различным аспектам деятельности Погодина, дается оценка его участия в общественных дискуссиях по проблемам происхождения Руси («норманнская теория»), петровским преобразованиям и крестьянской реформе 1861 года. ; In the article it is about life and activity of the historian, the publicist, the collector of ancient historical documents Mikhail Pogodin. The accent is put on research of the source study and historiographic traditions connected with studying of life and Mikhail Pogodin's creativity. As sources memories of contemporaries of Mikhail Pogodin, and also works of the historian written on the different historical eras containing estimates (different) roles and values of activity of Mikhail Pogodin as the historian, the publicist, the collector of ancient documents are used. The historiography review contains the analysis of participation of Mikhail Pogodin in public historical discussions of the 19th century; its position in relation to the movement of Slavophiles is considered. Authors of article adhere to the point of view that Mikhail Pogodin was not a Slavophile in that sense which traditionally contacted the use of the word "Slavophile". Mikhail Pogodin was not fond of geopolitical designs of borders of the empire that occupied Slavophiles, and sought to understand originality and specifics of historical development of Russia. The points of view of the historian, political scientist and linguist on various aspects of activity are given in the article; the assessment is given to his participation in public discussions on problems of an origin of Russia ("Normanism theory"), Peter I transformations and serf reform of 1861.

In January 2015, the attack on the French satiric magazine Charlie Hebdo headquarters in Paris caused a lot of reactions on social media, including the appearance of the hashtag #jesuischarlie in order to express support and alignment with the victims. From then on, the stem #jesuis has been productive e.g. #jesuisparis after the November 2015 Paris attacks, but has also evolved into humoristic uses. In these, humor has an adversarial function (Veale et al. 2006): they ridicule the conveyed political or emotional load, underlining among others the superficiality of the massive social media protest (Kuipers 2002) and/or intentionally pushing the boundaries of the taboo of violent death. This poster will address from a linguistic-discursive perspective the hashtag #jesuis and its variants, specifically those used for humoristic purposes, with the aim of placing this strategy among other functions of hashtags (Zappavigna 2015). Our analysis will be based on a database of tweets from 2015-2016 containing #jesuis. The hashtag is not only produced in French tweets, which is another proof of the creativity of its use. We will focus particularly on the evolution of hashtags that were initially supportive, such as #jesuischien 'Iamdog' (concerning the death of a police-dog), to the ridiculing by means of the playful breaking of the taboo of death, through hashtags such as #jesuiscafard 'Iamcockroach', #jesuisfourmi 'Iamant'. The latter use a parallel syntactic structure (Davies 1984), but refer to animals that are lower in the taxonomy, in terms of emotional connection, therefore questioning the pertinence of mourning. With this study, we wish to explore the communicative affordances of hashtags in social media, which encourage their users to rapidly express themselves on sensitive societal topics, such as terrorism. References Davies, Catherine E. (1984). Joint joking. Improvisational humorous episodes in conversation. In Brugman, Claudia et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley: University of Berkeley Press, 360–371. Kuipers, Giselinde (2002). Media culture and Internet disaster jokes: bin Laden and the attack on the World Trade Center. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 5(4), 450-470. Veale, Tony; Feyaerts, Kurt; Brône, Geert (2006). The Cognitive Mechanisms of Adversarial Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 19(3), 305-339. Zappavigna, Michele. (2015). Searchable talk: the linguistic functions of hashtags. Social Semiotics, Vol. 25 (3), 274-291.

Copyright, according to Law of 2002 No. 19, is an exclusive right of creator given by government of Indonesia which contains high economic value due to intellectual creation by persons. Facts in community show that many infringements of copyright done and have achieved dangerous level that can break social structure especially on the creativity of creation. This can be found on the phenomenon of illegal download of ring back tones, MP3/MP4 from internet and other entertaining places which cause high demand of songs or music in the market. Problem occurs when system of royalty payments to creators or copyright holders is not clear. Referring to the above background, problems for research are how effective is royalty payment on the use of musical creations by users at Café, private radio and mobile phone shops? How is mechanism of royalty payment between users and copyright holder on performing rights? And what factors that influence effectiveness of royalty payment?Research was conducted in Yogyakarta and Jakarta with KCI Foundation in Jakarta, private radio Geronimo, PRSSNI, Bosche VVIP Club, Nadia Selular and Magetan Selular as objects of research. This research is a juridical and sociological research and use analytical, descriptive and evaluative method. Data through questionnaires and interviews were analyzed using descriptive and evaluative method. Primary and secondary data were analyzed simultaneously and then summarized using inductive logic.Based on research conducted, result shows that respondents have not really filled their obligation to pay royalty on performing rights. Some respondents have awareness to fill their obligation i.e. Boshe VVIP Club while others do it unseriously. They fill their obligation as part of profession organization member only (PRSSNI) such as private radio Geronimo. There are also respondents that don't fill their obligation i.e. mobile phone shop, Nadia and Magetan Seluler. Mechanism of royalty payment is done and arranged by collecting society/KCI in Jakarta to facilitate collection and calculation of royalty amount. KCI calculates royalty based on right given by copyright holders. Factor that influences respondents to fill their obligation is awareness of users for using people's creation even though other users fill their obligation due to bond of profession organization rules (Private Radio Geronimo). There are also respondents with low awareness of copyright that use creation for commercial purposes without paying royalty.