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English>This article challenges contemporary professional culture to rethink international social work as a liberating praxis and a discipline of academic significance. Currently international social work tends to spatialize its objects of study. Since humankind's wellbeing is intrinsically linked with science and social transformation, the vocabularies of change merit meaningful contextualization.FrenchCet article met au défi la culture professionnelle contemporaine de repenser le travail social international pour en faire une praxis libératoire et une discipline académique significative. Le travail social international a tendance à spacialiser les objets de son étude. Comme le bien-être de l'humanité est intimement lié aux transformations scientifiques et sociales, les vocabulaires du changement méritent une mise en contexte significative.SpanishEste artículo desafía la cultura profesional contemporánea para repensar el trabajo social internacional como una práctica liberadora y una disciplina de significación académica. Actualmente, el Trabajo Social Internacional tiende a especializar sus objetos de estudio. Desde que el bienestar de la humanidad está intrínsecamente vinculado con la ciencia y la transformación social, los vocabularios de cambio merecen contextualizar sus significados.

In security and foreign policy discourse, environmental issues have been discussed increasingly as security threats that require immediate action. Yet, as the traditional security sector does not provide straightforward means to deal with climate change and other environmental issues, this has prompted concerns over undue securitisation and ill-placed extreme measures. We argue that an effective policy to address foreseeable environmental security threats can only be developed and maintained by ensuring that it remains resolutely within the domain of civil society. In this article, we consider the case of Finland, where the policy concept of comprehensive security has been presented as the official guideline for security and preparedness activities in different sectors. Comprehensive security aims to safeguard the vital functions of society through cooperation between authorities, business operators, organisations, and citizens. We analyse the opportunities and challenges of Finland's comprehensive security policy in addressing environmental changes through a three-level framework of local, geopolitical and structural security impacts. Our empirical evidence is based on a set of expert interviews (n = 40) that represent a wide range of fields relevant to unconventional security issues. We find that the Finnish comprehensive security model provides an example of a wide and inclusive perspective to security which would allow for taking into account environmental security concerns. However, due to major challenges in the implementation of the model, it does not fully incorporate the long-term, cross-sectoral, and cascading aspects of environmental threats. This weakens Finland's preparedness against climate change which currently poses some of the most urgent environmental security problems. ; Peer reviewed

Die Rohstoffprogramme der Entwicklungsländer und der UN-Konferenz für Handel und Entwicklung (UNCTAD) hatten in den 70er Jahren zum Ziel, die Disparitäten in den Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen Entwicklungs- und entwickelten Ländern abzubauen. Seit Anfang der 80er Jahre werden Rohstoffabkommen zunehmend zum Nachteil für die Entwicklungsländer unterlaufen. Die hohe Verschuldung dieser Länder engt ihre Handlungsspielräume ein, so daß nur gravierende Veränderungen in der internationalen Weltwirtschaftsordnung langfristig diese Struktur aufheben könnten. (AuD-Fsk)

Frontmatter --Contents --List of contributing authors --List of abbreviations --Introduction --Part I: Region and Trade --1 Region as a small open economy and an exporter --2 The role of openness in the economic growth of regions --Part II: State of Art --3 Regions' trade openness --4 Dutch disease at regional level --5 Overview of empirical research on regions' foreign trade activity --Part III: Empirical Analyses of Regions' Foreign Trade --6 Trade openness of Polish and Spanish regions --7 Basic taxonomy of exporting activity parameters for Poland and Spain --8 Modelling orthodox and non-orthodox determinants of foreign trade --9 Insights for Australia -- regions in foreign trade --10 Insights for Canada -- regions in foreign trade --Part IV: Policy Implications and Possibilities --11 Possibilities of supporting exports at regional level --12 Increasing regional competitiveness in exports through smart specialisations: the case of Spanish and Polish regions --Part V: Concluding remarks of the book --Conclusion --References --List of Figures --List of Tables --Index of Subject

This paper aims to study the geomorphology of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil and produce a geomorphological map that includes the outlines of the current natural landforms and technogenic relief. From this mapping, morphostructural and morphosculptural units, patterns and landforms, shape types and current morphogenetic processes were identified and quantified in the municipality along with landforms produced exclusively by human processes. The current forms and technogenic relief obtained through this research included sandy patch processes, sinkholes, active and inactive cliffs, mass movement-produced forms and anthropogenic excavations for limestone and clay mining.

Green and high-quality development is the focus of China's urban development strategy in the new era. The city–county merger policy has been one of several powerful tools used by the Chinese government to promote urbanization in recent decades, but whether and how it influences the environment has been rarely discussed. Using the multi-period difference-in-differences method and urban panel datasets, we investigated the environmental effects of the city–county merger policy in China from 2000–2016 and obtained the following results. First, the city–county mergers significantly reduce the environmental pollution of merged cities. The robustness tests support this conclusion. Second, the effects of city–county mergers on environmental pollution control decrease with the increase in geographical distance between the merged cities and counties; the smaller the differences in economic strength of merged cities and counties, the better the coordinated control of environmental pollution; the environmental governance effects of merged cities in the eastern region are lower than those in the central and western regions. Third, by intensifying the vertical management of urban environmental protection agencies, unified urban planning and fiscal centralization, the city–county mergers can strengthen the overall environmental governance capabilities of merged cities, reduce the negative effects of urbanization, and ultimately improve the environmental quality.

The paper is an outcome of the research programme on climate economics developed at the Economics Laboratory under the supervision of Jean-Pierre Ponssard with the support of Chair Business Economics and Chair Sustainable Development of Ecole Polytechnique. It is based on an invited presentation given at the Executive Seminar on Climate Governance, organized by the Global Governance Programme of the European University Institute in Florence, 13-15 June 2011. ; For 20 years, climate negotiations have faced the difficult task of designing an international regime accepted by the main parties as fair, equitable and efficient. Climate justice is called for from all sides, but there is no agreement as to what justice actually requires. The goal of this paper is to propose a critical overview of the intellectual landscape surrounding the concept of climate justice, and to clarify the challenges, positions, arguments and theoretical background of a concept that is dramatically exposed to the risk of being reduced to either naive moral calls, simple ideological slogans or political gesticulations from stakeholders and parties to negotiations. I will dispute the idea that moral intuition offers a sufficient basis to elicit the correct standard of justice. To begin with, I will underline the sharp contrasts between four rival intellectual constructs: utilitarianism, cosmopolitanism, international justice and the rejection of the relevance of the concept of justice in the context of international relations. In particular, cosmopolitan justice is shown to be inconsistent with and wholly inappropriate to the situation of climate negotiations. The second part of the paper develops an alternative analysis based on justification theory: the pluralism of justification is consubstantial with complex societies, but the criterion of the appropriateness of norms of justice to situations helps us to understand which norms of justice can be supported and which should be disregarded. In particular, the choice of a given coordination regime is shown to have huge implications for the appropriate norms of justice, taking the case of international carbon trading in a Kyoto Protocol-type regime as an example.

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Global warm-up makes the political agenda on highest levels. However, the science should make itself publicly heard, and not in the part of fundamental studies of nature only, but in the part of social science and social research of administrative tools as well. We offer three circles of quest that attract numerous scholars in the science of management and administration touching the context of complementing new ecological imperatives in running the rural territories: (1) the relevance of new environmental mentality to practical principles of existing rural administrations, (2) the communication challenges, opportunities, and risks in introducing new qualitative criteria into existing social technologies, which dominate modern rural administration patterns, (3) the importance of alternative in technological development of modern rural territories with a high agrarian overload, including the managing of alternative energy introduction, and trial of unprecedented technological schemes. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.