Suchergebnisse

The importance of international law and institutions (Jackie Jones) -- Exploring the consequences of the normative gap in legal protections addressing violence against women (David richards and Jillienne Haglund) -- Normative developments on violence against women in the United Nations System (Rashida Manjoo) -- The African human rights system : challenges and potential in addressing violence against women in Africa (Nicholas Wasonga Orago and Maria Nassali) -- The European system : Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Council of Europe Convention on Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) (Jackie Jones) -- Violence against women : normative developments in the Inter-American Human Rights System (Caroline Bettinger-Lopez) -- Closing the normative gap in international law on violence against women : developments, initiatives, and possible options (Rashida Manjoo)

AbstractWhen actors express conflicting views about the validity or scope of norms or rules in relation to other norms or rules in the international sphere, they often do so in the language of international law. This contribution argues that international law's hermeneutic acts as a common language that cuts across spheres of authority and can thus serve as a conflict management tool for interface conflicts. Often, this entails resorting to an international court. While acknowledging that courts cannot provide permanent solutions to the underlying political conflict, I submit that court proceedings are interesting objects of study that promote our understanding of how international legal argument operates as a conflict management device. I distinguish three dimensions of common legal form, using the well-knownEC–Hormonescase as illustration: a procedural, argumentative, and substantive dimension. While previous scholarship has often focused exclusively on the substantive dimension, I argue that the other two dimensions are equally important. In concluding, I reflect on a possible explanation as to why actors are disposed to resort to international legal argument even if this is unlikely to result in a final solution: there is a specific authority claim attached to international law qua law.

International Networks of Expertise and National History of the Welfare State: The Insurance of Silicosis in Germany and Switzerland (1900–1945) The article examines the role of international expert networks for the history of national welfare states. It focuses, as an exemplary case, on the insurance of silicosis, a severe industrial disease most common among miners and metal workers, comparing Switzerland and Germany. Both countries accepted silicosis as an industrial disease, to be insured as an occupational illness by the national institutions for accident insurance, only comparably late in the 1920s, long after countries like Britain and South Africa. The article argues that the process of recognising silicosis as a case to be insured under national accident insurance schemes was not triggered through bilateral learning processes (for example contacts between Swiss and British institutions) but rather by an alliance of national, international and transnational actors. In particular, international organisations like the International Labour Office (ILO) and transnational networks like the International trade union of stone workers were crucial for the recognition process. The article highlights the main factors for granting silicosis the status of an occupational illness; it also examines the early years of the insurance regime in which the influence of the ILO and international trade unions gradually vanished.

"The EU traditionally displays a strong commitment to multilateral solutions and global Governance, but how well do EU policies perform globally? This book provides a comprehensive examination of the EU's global role and impact on global governance on a policy-specific level. It maps the relative importance of selected sectoral EU regimes in the multi-level global governance system, as compared to both national and global activities"--

In the mid-1950s sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 3.1 percent of global exports; by 1990 this share had fallen to 1.2 percent. The authors of this paper find that Africa's extensive loss of competitiveness played a key role in its decline in world trade. If Africa had merely retained its 1962-64 OECD market shares, its exports now would be 75 percent higher. In addition, global demand for the region's major exports grew considerably more slowly than demand for most other goods. In short, Africa's problem was two-pronged: It experienced declining market shares for its major export products, which, in turn, were of declining relative importance in world trade. And it was unable to diversify its export base. As a result, it is now among the regions mostly highly dependent on relatively few export products and - unlike all other regions - this dependence has increased sharply over the past three decades. (DÜI-Hff)

This study analyzes Cabo Verde's demographic transition from the perspective of gender equality. As the pace of the demographic transition slows, promoting gender equality and increasing women's labor force participation will be progressively more important in enhancing otherwise slow-growth dynamics, reducing poverty, and improving the lives of all, women and men. The study investigates gender gaps in the labor market participation rate, employment conditions, and the use of time dedicated to unpaid work. It also discusses policy options to decrease the time women spend on unpaid work, enhance their employability, and enable them to secure employment. Overall, this study contributes to the debate on how better to manage the potential dividends resulting from demographic transitions on the still young but rapidly aging African continent

This paper defines international credibility as the comprehensive evaluation of the trustworthiness of a country's capabilities and intentions by other countries in the international community. It is not only a reflection of the country's national capabilities and behavior choices, but also a kind of national reputation based on the evaluation of other countries. The establishment, maintenance and improvement of a country's international credibility depends on the following five necessary conditions: hard power, comprehensive governance and contractual capabilities, government credibility and social cohesion domestically, trustworthy foreign policies and behaviors, international communication capabilities and public opinion influence. This article demonstrates that China's international credibility has suffered severe damage since the 2008 financial crisis, despite of its rapid enhancement in the early post-Cold War period. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has provided China with a precious opportunity to consolidate its domestic social foundation and enhance its international credibility. However, it seems that the epidemic has been witnessing greater divergence in other countries' evaluation of China's capabilities and intentions.

This paper explores possible uncontemplated effects and behavioural implications created by duty-to-negotiate provisions in international instruments. More precisely, the paper considers how five different international instruments approach the subject, namely the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC), Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) and Common European Sales Law (CESL). The extent to which these international and European legal instruments correspond to recent economic and behavioural findings is examined. Moreover, an economically inspired analysis is conducted of the uncontemplated consequences of the duty to renegotiate that well-intended international lawmakers never anticipated. Further, it is suggested that game theoretical and behavioural reasons might exist for adopting a cautious approach to the duty to renegotiate in instances of unforeseen contingencies as found in the CISG as well as the English, German, US and Scottish law of contracts. JEL classification: C23, C26, C51, K42, O43

The terms 'English School' (ES) and 'international security' seldom appear in the same sentence. Yet the ES can and should constitute a general approach to International Security Studies (ISS) comparable to realism, liberalism, constructivism and several other approaches to International relations (IR). The article begins by sketching out how the ES's idea of raison de système provides a general framing for ISS that counterpoints approaches focused on raison d'état. It then shows how the ES's societal approach provides specific insights that could strengthen analysis of international security: by providing a normative framing for securitization; by showing the historical variability of key ISS concepts such as war, balance of power and human rights; by adding an inside/outside dimension to security relations based on differentiations within international society; and by complementing regional approaches to international security with its societal approach. The article aims to initiate a conversation between the ES and ISS by showing where the fruitful links are, and by introducing the relevant ES literature to ISS scholars.