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Profound changes in the structure and composition of today's international community of states and equally profound changes in the kinds of disputes coming before the International Court of Justice are making essential a thorough review of the Court's methods of handling contentious cases, and possibly advisory cases as well. Attention has been focused on hearings, where some useful modifications have been introduced. It seems, however, that more is needed than adjustments in the oral proceedings, which nevertheless can serve as the point of departure for further developments. Article 48 of the Statute gives the Court almost unfettered power to "make orders for the conduct o f the case... and to make all arrangements connected with the taking o f evidence" (emphasis added). As will be seen, in 1999 the General Assembly of the United Nations encouraged the Court to adopt additional measures aimed at expediting its proceedings. This Note has the limited purpose of drawing attention to some recent measures taken by the Court with that end in view, and suggests directions for a more fundamental change in the Court's procedures.

There is a widespread belief, among both political scientists and government policymakers, that "democracies don't fight each other." Here Joanne Gowa challenges that belief. In a thorough, systematic critique, she shows that, while democracies were less likely than other states to engage each other in armed conflicts between 1945 and 1980, they were just as likely to do so as were other states before 1914. Thus, no reason exists to believe that a democratic peace will survive the end of the Cold War. Since U.S. foreign policy is currently directed toward promoting democracy abroad, Gowa's fi.

There now exists a substantial body of publications on international relations which may be fairly described as the output of a distinct school. Though its seminal thinkers, Charles Manning and Martin Wight, are no longer with us, the core of its extant membership (Hedley Bull, Michael Donelan, F. S. Northedge, Robert Purnell and others) is still in its prime and young recruits are constantly coming forward. Though delighted by this human prospect, its literary possibilities find me something less than enthusiastic. For it seems to me that repetition has set in and is likely to get worse as the years pass.

Klappentext: Caroline Sophie Rapatz untersucht die Folgen der Europäisierung des Internationalen Privatrechts (IPR) für das nationale und das staatsvertragliche Kollisionsrecht und für das internationalprivatrechtliche Gesamtsystem. Die Wirkungen der IPR-Verordnungen der EU sind nicht auf ihren Anwendungsbereich begrenzt. Das mitgliedstaatliche Kollisionsrecht wird teils massiv zurückgedrängt, muss aber gleichzeitig zahlreiche Lücken schließen. Der Druck zur Anpassung an europäische Vorstellungen wird durch primärrechtliche Vorgaben noch verstärkt. Die Kollisionsregeln bi- und multilateraler Staatsverträge bleiben von der Europäisierung zwar formell unberührt. Ihr Zusammenspiel mit dem EU-IPR sowie der stetig wachsende Einfluss der EU auf die Interpretation und Weiterentwicklung völkerrechtlicher Rechtsakte lassen jedoch faktische Angleichungszwänge entstehen. Der bisherige Ansatz einer kollisionsrechtlichen Europäisierung durch Einzelrechtsakte ist auf lange Sicht nicht tragfähig und sollte durch ein anderes Modell ersetzt werden.

50 Vol's of what is now called the Social Science Quarterly have been surveyed to select (for reprinting in the 50th anniversary issue, Mar 1970) the best article in the field of internat'l relations that appeared in that journal since it began publication. The article chosen is 'Mexican Legislation in the Light of International Law' by David Y. Thomas (Sep, 1928). Various other impressive articles in the same period are also noted & briefly commented upon. Reasons adduced for selecting the Thomas piece from among these others are (1) that it is a very good illustration of a somewhat old fashioned genre that might be called 'academic journalism' & (2) that, being such, it closely resembles what young scholars in pol'al sci & other soc sci's are now wanting to return to: morally motivated & persuasively argued critiques of contemporary policy rather than 'value free' descriptions or projections of behavior or instit's allegedly without passing judgment upon them. Thomas' article, like some others more briefly noted in the same introductory survey, is in this sense labeled 'post-modern,' that Is, characteristic of & congenial with our own contemporary thrust beyond behavioralism & quantification. AA.

This insightful book examines human resource management practice and its perceived impact on performance in the non-profit sector. Presenting case studies of six NGOs in Kenya, it explores HRM practices in a non-profit setting, and uncovers details about HRM practice by organizations in the development sector that are not found in NGO management books. Informed by the author practical experience in the field, Human Resource Management in International NGOs is a unique study that marries theory and practice, challenging the reader to reflect on the interpretative application of management theory and stakeholder participation.

The International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) is a legally binding framework which requires 196 WHO Member States to take actions to prevent, protect against, control and provide public health response to the international spread of disease. Improving IHR compliance provides grounds for better health system strengthening, which is key to moving countries closer towards Universal Health Coverage. Multisectoral, collaborative working within and across sectors is fundamental to improving IHR (2005) compliance, and for that, governance is the best lever of the health system. This paper highlights the importance of the relationship between governance and IHR in the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which follow the fundamental principle of interdependence; SDGs interlink with one another. We consider governance (SDG 16) and how it influences the IHR capacity of SDG 3 (health and well-being for all at all ages). This paper considers the successes of the Myanmar Ministry of Health and Sports thus far in improving IHR compliance and highlights that an even greater focus on health system governance would lead to more sustainable outcomes. Nurturing an institutional culture with enforced rules, which are conducive for improved accountability through inclusive participation would further improve Myanmar IHR strengthening efforts. Without those principles of good governance, the developed IHR capacities cannot be sustained or owned by Myanmar people. This has now become even more urgent given the current COVID-19 pandemic.

This Note summarizes the judicial work of the International Court of Justice during 1999, using the updated General List, pleadings filed, Orders andjudgments/Advisory Opinions issued,and hearings held at the Peace Palace in The Hague to describe the Court's current record.

Artykuł dotyczy relacji między granicami państwowymi i współczesnym zjawiskiem stawiania murów i ogrodzeń wzdłuż tych granic. W celu uniknięcia działań militarnych i terrorystycznych, nielegalnej imigracji, przemytu, zwłaszcza między krajami biednymi i bogatymi, zbudowano i nadal się buduje coraz więcej ogrodzeń. Badania przedstawiają kilka modeli wspartych badaniami przypadków takich relacji, tzn. ogrodzeń/murów tworzących granicę, jednostronnych ogrodzeń/murów wzdłuż istniejącej granicy, dwustronnych murów wzdłuż uznanych granic państwowych, murów wybudowanych wzdłuż części granicy międzynarodowej, tj. granicy częściowo ogrodzonej, murów miast oraz murów w rejonach spornych, nieposiadających oficjalnych granic państwowych. Z podsumowania artykułu wynika, że dopóki istnieją różnice pomiędzy krajami, ludzie będą z wielu powodów próbowali nielegalnie przekraczać granice, a ci, którzy próbują ich powstrzymać, będą budować coraz więcej ogrodzeń na całym świecie. ; This article deals with fences and walls built along international boundaries, especially by rich countries which try to prevent illegal entering. The article will present different types of fences, built for different needs. Case studies from all over the world will be presented in order to show that as long as there are so many differences between countries, people will try to cross the line and those who try to halt it, will continue to build fences along their boundaries.

This article introduces a new data set on the access of transnational actors (TNAs) to international organizations (IOs). While IOs were long the exclusive preserve of member governments, recent decades have witnessed a shift toward more inclusive forms of governance, involving participation by non-governmental organizations, philanthropic foundations, multinational corporations, and other forms of TNAs. Yet existing research has lacked the data necessary to map this phenomenon and its variation over dimensions such as time, issue areas, and world regions. The TRANSACCESS data set is designed for this purpose and contains information on the level of openness in 298 bodies of 50 IOs from 1950 to 2010. On the basis of this data set, we also introduce a first quantitative measure of institutional openness in the shape of a composite index, available at both the IO and body levels. This index can be used to compare TNA access across and within IOs but also as a variable in large-N studies on global and regional governance, where IO openness is potentially relevant.